The following is a list of people who were beheaded, arranged alphabetically by country or region and with date of

decapitation Decapitation is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and all vertebrate animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood by way of severing through the jugular vein and common c ...

. Special sections on "Religious figures" and "Fictional characters" are also appended. These individuals lost their heads intentionally (as a form of execution or posthumously). A list of people who were decapitated accidentally, including animal-related deaths, can be found at

List of people who were decapitated The following is a list of people who were decapitated, arranged alphabetically by country or region and with date of decapitation. These individuals lost their heads accidentally. This includes animal-related deaths. A list of people who lost th ...

Austria

Joseph Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( ; ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...

(1809) – celebrated composer posthumously beheaded; see Haydn's skull

Azerbaijan

Kyaram Sloyan Kyaram or Qyaram Sloyan (; 27 April 1996 – 1/2 April 2016) was an Artsakh Defense Army soldier who was killed during the 2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes. After his death, he was beheaded, with videos and pictures showing Azerbaijani soldi ...

(2016) –

Yazidi Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (; ), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The majority of Yazidis remaining in ...

soldier, posthumously decapitated by Azerbaijani soldiers during the

2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict The 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, also known as the Four-Day War, April War, or April clashes, began along the former Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact on 1 April 2016 with the Artsakh Defence Army, backed by the Armenian Armed Forces, on on ...

. Photos and videos of various soldiers posing with his severed head were widely circulated online after his death. *Genadi Petrosyan (2020) – ethnically

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

citizen of the

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Artsakh ( ), officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh ( ), was a list of states with limited recognition, breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbai ...

(

Republic of Artsakh Artsakh ( ), officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh ( ), was a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory was internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Between 1991 and 2023, Artsakh cont ...

) beheaded by Azerbaijani soldiers during the

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involvi ...

. *Yuri Asryan (2020) – ethnically Armenian citizen of the

(

) beheaded by Azerbaijani soldiers during the

. Along with Genadi Petrosyan, videos and photos of both beheadings were circulated through social media, most notably

Telegram Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas pi ...

Brazil

* Jordão da Silva Cantanhede (2013) – a Brazilian amateur

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

referee, was

lynched Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of in ...

, quartered, and beheaded by football spectators in

Pio XII, Maranhão Pio XII is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast Region of Brazil. With an area of , of which is urban, it is located 180 km from São Luís, the state capital, and 1,356 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population ...

, after he stabbed a player to death in a match he officiated on 30 June 2013. Spectators then put his head on a stake in the middle of the pitch. A viral video later surfaced of medical officials reassembling his body. *

João Rodrigo Silva Santos João is a given name of Portuguese language, Portuguese origin. It is equivalent to the given name John (given name), John. The diminutive is Joãozinho (disambiguation), Joãozinho and the Feminine (grammar), feminine is Joana. It is widespread ...

(2013) – Brazilian football player, murdered and beheaded by suspected drug traffickers.

Canada

Fred Fulton Fred Tobias Fulton, nicknamed "The Rochester Plasterer", or "The Minnesota Plasterer" (April 19, 1891 – July 7, 1973), was a top ranked American heavyweight professional boxer who competed from 1913 to 1933. Known for his size and strength, ...

(2005) – stabbed to death along with Veronica "Verna" Decarie by Gregory Allan Despres during

paranoid schizophrenia Schizophrenia () is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin ...

-led delusions. Fulton was additionally beheaded with a homemade sword. * Tim McLean (2008) – murdered, beheaded, and partially cannibalized by

Vince Weiguang Li On 30 July 2008, Tim McLean, a 22-year-old Canadian man, was stabbed, beheaded, and cannibalized while riding a Greyhound Canada bus along the Trans-Canada Highway, about west of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. On 5 March 2009, his killer, 40-y ...

on a

Greyhound Canada Greyhound Canada Transportation ULC (Greyhound Canada) was an intercity coach service that began as a local British Columbia bus line in the early 1920s, expanded across most of Canada, and became a subsidiary of the American Greyhound Lines in ...

bus in

Portage la Prairie Portage la Prairie () is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. In 2016, the population was 13,304 and the land area was . Portage la Prairie is approximately west of Winnipeg, along the Trans-Canada Highway (exactly ...

Manitoba Manitoba is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada at the Centre of Canada, longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's Population of Canada by province and territory, fifth-most populous province, with a population ...

. * Jun Lin (2012) – fatally stabbed, dismembered, sexually violated and possibly cannibalized in a video depicting his murder by Luka Magnotta. His severed head was recovered at the edge of a small lake in Montreal's

Angrignon Park Angrignon Park (, ) is an urban park in the Southwest borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Angrignon Park has a total area of 97 hectares. It includes a 1.1km long lake. It is considered by the City of Montreal as one of its large parks. The p ...

. *Fribjon Bjornson (2012) – severed head found on the

Nak'azdli Nak'azdli Whut'en is a Dakelh The Dakelh (pronounced ) or Carrier are a First Nations in Canada, First Nations Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous people living a large portion of the British Columbia Interior, Central Interior of Bri ...

reserve near Fort St. James,

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

. *Tien Ly (2022) – decapitated after being killed by her son, Dallas Ly.

Central African Republic

* Didier Wangay (2021) – Former acting Mayor of

Bambari Bambari is a town in the Central African Republic, lying on the Ouaka River. It has a population of 41,356 (2003 census) and is the capital of Ouaka prefecture. Bambari is an important market town and home to Bambari Airport, and the Roma ...

;

Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...

and FACA arrested Wangay and his family in Gallougou on 15 December 2021 and beheaded him, his son, wife, niece, and nephew. Afterwards, their heads were displayed in Bambari as trophies. * Josué Béfio (2024) –

Anti-balaka The Anti-balaka (''anti-machete'') is an alliance of militia groups based in the Central African Republic in the early 21st century said by ''the Guardian'' to be composed primarily of Christians, but also some Muslims. However, some church leade ...

leader in

Ouham-Fafa Ouham-Fafa is a prefecture in Central African Republic. With an area of 32,530 km², the prefecture had a population of 239,157 inhabitants in 2024. Batangafo is the capital of Ouham-Fafa. History Previously all of its territories were part o ...

; Béfio, along with his bodyguard, were beheaded at a military base in

Bouca Bouca is a town located in the Central African Republic prefecture of Ouham-Fafa. It is not far east of Bossangoa at the Fafa river. History On 21 March 2013, the town was overtaken by rebels of the Séléka coalition. On 9 September 2013 arm ...

China

* Huan Yi (Fan Wuji) (桓齮, 227 BC) – traitorous Qin general; his severed head was instrumental in

Jing Ke Jing Ke (died 227 BC) was a '' youxia'' during the late Warring States period of Ancient China. As a retainer of Crown Prince Dan of the Yan state, he was infamous for his failed assassination attempt on King Zheng of the Qin state, who later ...

's assassination attempt of the Qin king. *

Han Xin Han Xin (; ? – early 196 BCE) was a Chinese military general and politician who served Liu Bang during the Chu–Han Contention and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Han Xin was named as one of the "Three Heroes of the ...

(韓信, 196 BC) – executed by

Empress Lü Lü Zhi (241 BC – 18 August 180 BC), courtesy name E'xu (娥姁) and commonly known as Empress Lü () and formally Empress Gao of Han (), was the empress consort of Emperor Gaozu of Han, Gaozu, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. They h ...

Wang Mang Wang Mang (45 BCE6 October 23 CE), courtesy name Jujun, officially known as the Shijianguo Emperor (), was the founder and the only emperor of the short-lived Chinese Xin dynasty. He was originally an official and consort kin of the ...

(王莽, 23 AD) – Founder of the

Xin dynasty The Xin dynasty (; ), also known as Xin Mang () in Chinese historiography, was a short-lived Dynasties in Chinese history, Chinese imperial dynasty which lasted from 9 to 23 AD, established by the Han dynasty consort kin Wang Mang, who usurped th ...

; posthumously beheaded after being killed by a rebel mob. *

Guan Yu Guan Yu (; ), courtesy name Yunchang, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Fei, he shared a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and accompanied him on ...

(關羽, 219) – executed during civil war by

Sun Quan Sun Quan (; 182 – 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou (), posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by hi ...

Guan Ping Guan Ping () (died January or February 220) was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Life Guan Ping was the eldest son of Guan Yu. Little about him is documented in historical recor ...

(關平, 219) – son of Guan Yu, executed during civil war by

Yu Cong Yu Cong (于琮; died 881), courtesy name Liyong (禮用), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of his brother-in-law Emperor Yizong. After the agrarian rebel Huang Chao captured the imperial capit ...

(于琮, 881) – Tang official beheaded by agrarian rebel

Huang Chao Huang Chao (835 – July 13, 884) was a wealthy Chinese salt trader and soldier who is primarily known for instigating the Huang Chao Rebellion. In 878, he proclaimed himself emperor and the establishment of a new Qi dynasty. Huang Chao's re ...

* Li Yun (887) – decapitated by

Wang Chongrong Wang Chongrong (王重榮; died July 6, 887Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 257.), formally the Prince of Langye (瑯琊王), was a warlord of the late Chinese Tang dynasty who controlled Hezhong Circuit ...

Zhu Mei Zhu Mei () (died January 7, 887Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 256.) was a warlord of the Chinese Tang dynasty. Disillusioned with Emperor Xizong and the powerful eunuch Tian Lingzi, he tried to supp ...

(887) – decapitated by

Wang Xingyu Wang Xingyu () (d. 895) was a warlord and general late in the Chinese Tang dynasty who controlled Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) from 887 to his death in 895. At his prime, Wang Xingyu beheaded Zhu Mei. Also Wang ...

Chen Jingxuan Chen Jingxuan (陳敬瑄) (d. April 26, 893Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 259.) was a general of the Tang dynasty of China, who came to control Xichuan Circuit (西川), headquartered in modern Chengd ...

(陳敬瑄, 893) – Tang general *

Cui Zhaowei Cui Zhaowei (崔昭緯) (d. 896), courtesy name Yunyao (蘊曜), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. According to traditional histories, he was disloyal to Emperor Zhaozong ...

(崔昭緯, 896) – Tang official *

Wen Tianxiang Wen Tianxiang (; June 6, 1236 – January 9, 1283), noble title Duke of Xin (), was a Chinese statesman, poet and politician in the last years of the Song dynasty#Southern Song, 1127–1279, Southern Song dynasty. For his resistance to Kublai K ...

(文天祥, 1283) – scholar and general * Wang Zhi (王直, 1560) – pirate and smuggler executed by the Ming dynasty *

Xia Wanchun Xia Wanchun (; 4 October 163116 October 1647) was a Ming dynasty poet and soldier. The son of Xia Yunyi and a child prodigy, Xia began writing poetry at a young age and died aged 17 while resisting the Manchu invaders. Biography Xia Wanchun es ...

(夏完淳, 1647) – poet, executed by Qing official

Hong Chengchou Hong Chengchou (; 1593–1665), courtesy name Yanyan and art name Hengjiu, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was born in present-day Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town, Fujian Province, China. After obtaining ...

who betrayed Ming before the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

fell. * St Francis de Capillas (聖劉方濟, 1648) – beheaded at

Fogang County Fogang County () is a county of north-central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Qingyuan City, and is connected to major cities in Guangdong by public highways and toll roads. The closest aviation h ...

Adolf Schlagintweit Adolf von Schlagintweit (9 January 1829 – 26 August 1857) was a German botanist and List of explorers, explorer of Central Asia. Brothers Hermann Schlagintweit, Hermann, Adolf and Robert Schlagintweit were commissioned by the British East Indi ...

(1857) – German botanist and explorer; executed by the ruler of

Kashgar Kashgar () or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is a city in the Tarim Basin region of southern Xinjiang, China. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, located near the country's border with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. For over 2,000 years, Kashgar ...

Lin Xu Lin Xu (; 1875 – 28 September 1898), courtesy name Tungu (), was a Chinese politician, scholar, songwriter and poet who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He was also a student of Kang Youwei, a prominent official and one of the leaders of a refo ...

(林旭, 1898) and

Tan Sitong Tan Sitong (, March 10, 1865 – September 28, 1898), courtesy name Fusheng (), pseudonym Zhuangfei (), was a well-known Chinese politician, thinker, and reformist in the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911). He was executed at the age of 33 when ...

(譚嗣同, 1898) – executed with four others during the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908) was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively but periodically controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty as empress dowager and regent for almost 50 ...

* John and Betty Stam (1934) – American Christian missionaries executed by the

Chinese Red Army The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army( zh, labels=no, t=中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army( zh, labels=no, t=紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. I ...

Chile

* María José Reyes and Juan Duarte (2012) – beheaded by a seller of antiquities in

Lolol Lolol (Mapudungun: "land of crabs and holes"; ) is a Chilean commune and town in Colchagua Province, O'Higgins Region. History During the 17th century, several Haciendas were created throughout the Colchagua Valley; they were great lands which ...

Croatia

Petru Zrinskom i Krsti Frankopanu odrubljene su glave u Beckom Novom Mjestu 30

Petar Berislavić Petar Berislavić (or Péter Beriszló in Hungarian) ( Trogir, 1475 – 20 May 1520), a member of the Berislavići Trogirski noble family, was the Ban (viceroy) of Croatia from 1513 to 1520 and also bishop of Veszprém. Petar was born in Trog ...

(1520) – beheaded in combat as he got surrounded by many Ottoman soldiers. His head and body were retrieved by Croatian soldiers and taken first to

Bihać Bihać is a city and the administrative centre of Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of river Una (Sava), Una in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in th ...

and subsequently to Veszprem. *

Petar Kružić Petar Kružić (16 October 1491 – 12 March 1537) was a Croatian knez (title), knez, captain (land), captain, soldier and defender of Klis, and the captain of Senj. In the early 16th century Petar Kružić ''(knez of Klis)'' defended the F ...

(1537) – beheaded in combat against the Ottomans. His severed head was then demonstrated to defenders of

Klis fortress The Klis Fortress (; ) is a medieval fortress situated above the village of Klis, near Split, Croatia. From its origin as a small stronghold built by the ancient Illyrian tribe Dalmatae, to a role as royal castle and seat of many Croatian k ...

to persuade them to surrender. *

Nikola Šubić Zrinski Nikola IV Zrinski or Miklós IV Zrínyi (, ; 1507/1508 – 7 September 1566), also commonly known as Nikola Šubić Zrinski (), was a Croatian- Hungarian nobleman and general, Ban of Croatia from 1542 until 1556, royal master of the treasury ...

(1566) – killed and posthumously beheaded by the Ottomans during the

Siege of Szigetvár The siege of Szigetvár or the Battle of Szigeth (pronunciation: �siɡɛtvaːr ; ; ) was an Ottoman siege of the fortress of Szigetvár in the Kingdom of Hungary. The fort had blocked Sultan Suleiman's line of advance towards Vienna in 156 ...

. * Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan (1671) – sentenced to death and beheaded for conspiring against Habsburg emperor. *

Tomislav Salopek Tomislav (, ) is a Slavic masculine given name, that is widespread amongst the South Slavs. The meaning of the name ''Tomislav'' is thought to have derived from the Old Slavonic verb "'' tomiti''" or "'' tomit" meaning to "''languish''", "''tor ...

(2015) – Croatian topographer who was abducted by

ISIS Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom () as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her sla ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

and subsequently beheaded.

Denmark

Anne Palles Anne Palles (1619 – 4 April 1693) was an alleged Danish witch. She was the last woman to be legally executed for sorcery in Denmark. Background In 1692, the cunning woman Karen Gregers Madsens from Lommelev was accused of poisoning. She wa ...

(1693) – executed in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

for witchcraft. * Povel Juel (1723) – executed in Copenhagen for

lèse-majesté ''Lèse-majesté'' or ''lese-majesty'' ( , ) is an offence or defamation against the dignity of a ruling head of state (traditionally a monarch but now more often a president) or of the state itself. The English name for this crime is a mod ...

. *

Niels Knudsen Drostrup Niels is a male given name, equivalent to Nicholas, which is common in Denmark, Belgium, Norway (formerly) and the Netherlands. The Norwegian and Swedish variant is Nils. The name is a developed short form of Nicholas or Greek Nikolaos, after Saint ...

(1752) – executed by axe in Løgstør for deadly arson. *

Johann Friedrich Struensee Count, Lensgreve Johann Friedrich Struensee (5 August 1737 – 28 April 1772) was a German-Danish physician, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish gov ...

(1772) – executed in Copenhagen for

. *

Enevold Brandt Count Enevold Brandt (7 September 1738 - 28 April 1772) was a Danish courtier. Biography Brandt was born in Copenhagen, and studied law at the University of Copenhagen. He became assistant judge of the Supreme Court of Copenhagen in 1764, roya ...

(1772) – executed in Copenhagen for

. * Kim Wall (2017) – Swedish journalist who was murdered and dismembered by

Peter Madsen Peter Langkjær Madsen (; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish convicted murderer and former entrepreneur. In April 2018, he was convicted of the August 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine, '' UC3 Nautilus'', and se ...

on his submarine.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Zaida Catalán Zaida Maria Catalán (6 October 1980 – 12 March 2017) was a Swedish politician who was a member of the Green Party and leader of the Young Greens of Sweden between 2001 and 2005. She was an activist on issues including the environment, anima ...

(2017) – Swedish politician of Chilean descent, kidnapped and murdered in 2017

Ecuador

* Nepomuceano Ramos Madronero (2024) – beheaded and dismembered by members of a cartel during the El Guabo massacre.

England

BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vExecHughDespenser

Normans and early Plantagenets

Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (, ) (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I. Early life Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. ...

(1076) – executed at Winchester by order of

William I William I may refer to: Kings * William the Conqueror (–1087), also known as William I, King of England * William I of Sicily (died 1166) * William I of Scotland (died 1214), known as William the Lion * William I of the Netherlands and Luxembour ...

for taking part in the

Revolt of the Earls The Revolt of the Earls in 1075 was a rebellion of three earls against William I of England (William the Conqueror). It was the last serious act of resistance against William in the Norman Conquest. Cause The revolt was caused by the king's re ...

Dafydd ap Gruffydd Dafydd ap Gruffudd, also known as ''Dafydd III'' (11 July 1238 – 3 October 1283), was a Prince of Gwynedd until after the death of his brother, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, when he proclaimed himself as the Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282. H ...

, Prince of Wales (1283) – hanged, drawn and quartered in Shrewsbury by

Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 125 ...

for treason *

William Wallace Sir William Wallace (, ; Norman French: ; 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of St ...

, Scottish resistance fighter (1305) – hanged, drawn and quartered by Edward I *

Piers Gaveston Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall ( – 19 June 1312) was an English nobleman of Gascon origin, and the favourite of Edward II of England. At a young age, Gaveston made a good impression on King Edward I, who assigned him to the househo ...

, favourite of

Edward II Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir to the throne follo ...

(1312) – executed near Warwick by

Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster ( 1278 – 22 March 1322) was an English nobleman of the first House of Lancaster of the royal Plantagenet Dynasty. He was Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, and Derby from 1296 to 1322, and Earl of Lincoln and Sa ...

in the Baron's Revolt *

Lord High Steward The Lord High Steward is the first of the Great Officers of State in England, nominally ranking above the Lord Chancellor. The office has generally remained vacant since 1421, and is now an ''ad hoc'' office that is primarily ceremonial and ...

(1322) – executed at

Pontefract Castle Pontefract (or Pomfret) Castle is a castle ruin in the town of Pontefract, in West Yorkshire, England. King Richard II of England, Richard II is thought to have died there. It was the site of a series of famous sieges during the 17th-cent ...

by Edward II *

Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel Edmund Fitzalan, 2nd Earl of Arundel (1 May 1285 – 17 November 1326) was an English nobleman prominent in the conflict between King Edward II and his barons. His father, Richard Fitzalan, 1st Earl of Arundel, died in 1302, while Edmund was ...

(1326) – executed at Hereford by Queen Isabella, regent for

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

Hugh Despenser the Younger Hugh Despenser, 1st Baron Despenser (1287/1289 – 24 November 1326), also referred to as "the Younger Despenser", was the son and heir of Hugh Despenser, Earl of Winchester (the Elder Despenser) and his wife Isabel Beauchamp, daughter of Wi ...

, chamberlain and favourite of Edward II (1326) – hanged, drawn and quartered by order of Queen Isabella *

Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 130119 March 1330), whose seat was Arundel Castle in Sussex, was the sixth and youngest son of King Edward I of England, and the second son of his second wife Margaret of France, Queen of England ...

, Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports (1330) – executed at Winchester by Queen Isabella, regent for Edward III * Sir Robert Hales,

Lord High Treasurer The Lord High Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Acts of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third-highest-ranked Great Officer of State in England, below the Lord H ...

(1381) – executed at

Tower Hill Tower Hill is the area surrounding the Tower of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is infamous for the public execution of high status prisoners from the late 14th to the mid 18th century. The execution site on the higher gro ...

by rebels during the

Peasants' Revolt The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381. The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black ...

Simon Sudbury Simon Sudbury ( – 14 June 1381) was Bishop of London from 1361 to 1375, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until his death, and in the last year of his life Lord Chancellor, Lord Chancellor of England. He met a violent death during the Peasan ...

Lord Chancellor The Lord Chancellor, formally titled Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom. The lord chancellor is the minister of justice for England and Wales and the highest-ra ...

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...

and

Bishop of London The bishop of London is the Ordinary (church officer), ordinary of the Church of England's Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. By custom the Bishop is also Dean of the Chapel Royal since 1723. The diocese covers of 17 boroughs o ...

(1381) – executed at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt * Richard Lyons, London merchant and financier and

Warden of the Mint Warden of the Mint was a high-ranking position at the Royal Mint in England from 1216 to 1829. The warden was responsible for a variety of minting procedures and acted as the immediate representative of the current monarch inside the mint. The role ...

(1381) – beheaded in London by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt * John Cavendish,

Chief Justice of the King's Bench The Lord or Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales is the head of the judiciary of England and Wales and the president of the courts of England and Wales. Until 2005 the lord chief justice was the second-most senior judge of the English a ...

Chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

of the

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

(1381) – executed in Bury St Edmunds by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt *

Wat Tyler Wat Tyler (1341 or – 15 June 1381) was a leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in Kingdom of England, England. He led a group of rebels from Canterbury to City of London, London to oppose the collection of a Tax per head, poll tax and to dem ...

(1381) – beheaded in London by order of the Lord Mayor of London during the Peasants' Revolt * John Ball (1381) – hanged, drawn and quartered at St Albans after the Peasants Revolt * Sir Simon de Burley (1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the

Merciless Parliament The Merciless Parliament was an English parliamentary session lasting from 3 February to 4 June 1388, at which many members of King Richard II's court were convicted of treason. The session was preceded by a period in which Richard's power wa ...

for supporting

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward, Prince of Wales (later known as the Black Prince), and Joan, Countess of Kent. R ...

John Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster Sir John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster (1339–12 May 1388) of Holt Castle, Worcestershire, Holt Castle in Worcestershire was an administrator and landowner. Origins He was the son of Richard de Beauchamp, of Holt (d. 1327), ...

(1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the Merciless Parliament for supporting Richard II * Sir John Emsley (1388) – executed on Tower Hill by the Merciless Parliament for supporting Richard II *

Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey (1346 – 21 September 1397) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander. Lineage Born in 1346, he was the son of Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancast ...

(1397) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Richard II *

William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire William le Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, King of Mann (c. 1350 – 29 July 1399) was a close supporter of King Richard II of England. He was a second son of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton. He was the third and final king of an inde ...

, Sir John Bussy and Sir Henry Green (1399) – executed in Bristol Castle by the Duke of Hereford (soon to be Henry IV) * Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley (1400) – executed at Cirencester during the reign of Henry IV for the

Epiphany Rising The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against King Henry IV of England in early January 1400. Background Richard II rewarded those who had supported him against Gloucester and the Lords Appellant with a plethora of new titles. Upon the usu ...

Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester Thomas Despenser, 2nd Baron Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (22 September 1373 – 13 January 1400) was the son of Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer, whom he succeeded in 1375. Royal intrigues A supporter of King Richard II against ...

(1400) – executed at Bristol by order of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising *

John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, 1st Earl of Huntingdon ( 1352 – 16 January 1400) of Dartington Hall in Devon, was a half-brother of King Richard II (1377–1399), to whom he remained strongly loyal. He is primarily remembered for being suspe ...

Lord Great Chamberlain The Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State (United Kingdom), Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal but above the Lord High Constable of England, Lord High Constable. The office of Lo ...

and

Justice of Chester The Justice of Chester was the chief judicial authority for the county palatine of Chester, from the establishment of the county until the abolition of the Great Sessions in Wales and the palatine judicature in 1830. Within the County Palatine ...

(1400) – executed at Pleshey Castle, Essex by order of

Joan Fitzalan, Countess of Hereford Joan FitzAlan, Countess of Hereford, Countess of Essex and Countess of Northampton (1347 – 7 April 1419) was the wife of the 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex and 2nd Earl of Northampton. She was the mother of Mary de Bohun, the first ...

, with the approval of her son-in-law Henry IV, for the Epiphany Rising *

John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and 5th and 2nd Baron Montagu, KG (c. 1350 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman, one of the few who remained loyal to Richard II after Henry IV became king. Early life He was the son of Sir John de ...

(1400) – executed at Cirencester during the reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising *

Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, KG, Earl Marshal (8 September 1372 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman and courtier. Early life and family Born on 8 September 1372, Thomas Holland was the eldest son and heir of ...

Earl Marshal Earl Marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the U ...

(1400) – executed at Cirencester during reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising * Sir Benard Brocas (1400) – beheaded at Tyburn during the reign of Henry IV for the Epiphany Rising *

Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester Thomas may refer to: People * List of people with given name Thomas * Thomas (name) * Thomas (surname) * Saint Thomas (disambiguation) * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church * Thomas the ...

(1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered) *Sir David Walsh (1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered) *Danney Parsons (1403) – executed by order of Henry IV (hanged, drawn and quartered) *

Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, 8th Baron Segrave, 7th Baron Mowbray (17 September 1385 – 8 June 1405), English nobleman and rebel, was the son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and Lady Elizabeth F ...

, Earl Marshal (1405) – executed at York by order of Henry IV for treason * Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York (1405) – executed at York by order of Henry IV for treason *Sir William de Plumpton (1405) – executed by order of Henry IV for treason *

Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge Richard of Conisbrough, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (20 July 1385 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York. He was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspi ...

(1415) – executed at Southampton by order of

Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (1216–1281 ...

for his involvement in the Southampton Plot *

Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham KG, also known in older sources as Lord Scrope (c. 1373 – 5 August 1415) was a favourite of Henry V, who performed many diplomatic missions. He was beheaded for his involvement in the notional Sout ...

(1415) – executed at Southampton by order of Henry V for his involvement in the Southampton Plot * William de la Pole (1450) – beheaded at sea, possibly by order of

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantag ...

James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele (22 September 1395 – 4 July 1450) was an English soldier and politician. He was born at Herstmonceux, Sussex, the second son of Sir William Fiennes (1 August 1357 – 18 January 1402) and his wife Elizab ...

(1450) – beheaded in London by rebels led by

Jack Cade Jack Cade's Rebellion or Cade's Rebellion was a popular revolt in 1450 against the government of England, which took place in the south-east of the country between the months of April and July. It stemmed from local grievances regarding the ...

Wars of the Roses

James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley, 2nd Baron Tuchet (c. 1398 – 23 September 1459) of Heleigh Castle was an English peer. James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley, son of Elizabeth Stafford and her husband John Tuchet, 4th Baron Audley, was a distinguish ...

(1459) – executed after the

Battle of Blore Heath The Battle of Blore Heath took place during the English Wars of the Roses on 23 September 1459, at Blore Heath, Staffordshire. Blore Heath is a sparsely populated area of farmland two miles east of the town of Market Drayton in Shropshire, and ...

for being a Lancastrian *

Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury KG PC (1400 – 31 December 1460) was an English nobleman and magnate based in northern England who became a key supporter of the House of York during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. He ...

(1460) – executed after the

Battle of Wakefield The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI o ...

for being a Yorkist *

Edmund, Earl of Rutland Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460) was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. He was a younger brother of Edward IV, Edward, Earl of March, the future King ...

(1460) – executed by order of Lord Clifford for being a Yorkist (stabbed to death during the Battle of Wakefield and later decapitated) *

Thomas Thorpe Thomas Thorpe ( 1569 – 1625) was an English publisher, most famous for publishing Shakespeare's sonnets and several works by Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. His publication of the sonnets has long been controversial. Nineteenth-century ...

Speaker of the House of Commons Speaker of the House of Commons is a political leadership position found in countries that have a House of Commons, where the membership of the body elects a speaker to lead its proceedings. Systems that have such a position include: * Speaker of ...

(1461) – beheaded by a London mob *

Sir Owen Tudor Sir Owen Tudor (, – 2 February 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Queen Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), widow of King Henry V of England. He was the grandfather of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty. Background ...

(1461) – executed after the

Battle of Mortimer's Cross The Battle of Mortimer's Cross was fought on 2 February 1461 near Kingsland, Herefordshire (between Leominster and Leintwardine, by the River Lugg), not far from the Welsh border. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The opposing ...

for being a Lancastrian *

Sir Thomas Kyriell Sir Thomas Kyriell (1396 – 18 February 1461) was an English soldier of the Hundred Years' War and the opening of the Wars of the Roses. He was executed after the Second Battle of St. Albans. Background The de Criol, Kyriel or Kyriell fami ...

(1461) – executed by order of Queen Margaret after the Second Battle of St Albans for being a Yorkist *

William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (12 or 31 August 1392 – 18 February 1461), was an English peerage, English nobleman and an important, powerful landowner in South West England, south-west England during the Late Middle Ages. Bonville's fa ...

(1461) – executed by order of Queen Margaret after the Second Battle of St Albans for being a Yorkist *

Thomas Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon Thomas may refer to: People * List of people with given name Thomas * Thomas (name) * Thomas (surname) * Saint Thomas (disambiguation) * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church * Thomas the ...

(1461) – executed after the

Battle of Towton The Battle of Towton took place on 29 March 1461 during the Wars of the Roses, near Towton in North Yorkshire, and "has the dubious distinction of being probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil". Fought for ten hours between a ...

for being a Lancastrian *

James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, Earl of Wiltshire (24 November 1420 – 1 May 1461) was an Anglo-Irish nobleman and soldier. Butler was a staunch Lancastrian and supporter of Queen consort Margaret of Anjou during the Wars of the Roses. He w ...

– 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1461) – executed after the Battle of Towton for being a Lancastrian *

John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (23 April 1408 – 26 February 1462), was the son of Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385? – 15 February 1417), and his second wife, Alice Sergeaux (1386–1452). A Lancastrian loyalist during the lat ...

(1462) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill by order of

John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester KG (8 May 1427 – 18 October 1470), was an English nobleman and scholar who served as Lord High Treasurer, Lord High Constable of England and Lord Deputy of Ireland. He was known as "the Butcher of Englan ...

Thomas Tuddenham Sir Thomas Tuddenham (10 May 1401 – 23 February 1462) was an influential Norfolk landowner, official and courtier. He served as Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, and Wardrobe (government), Keeper of the Great Wardrobe. During the Wars of the R ...

(1462) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill by order of the Earl of Worcester *

Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (26 January 143615 May 1464) was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. He is sometimes numbered the 2nd Duke of Somerset, because the title was re-created for his ...

(1464) – beheaded after the

Battle of Hexham The Battle of Hexham, 15 May 1464, marked the end of significant Lancastrian resistance in the north of England during the early part of the reign of Edward IV. The battle was fought near the town of Hexham in Northumberland. John Neville, ...

for being a Lancastrian * Robert Hungerford, 3rd Baron Hungerford (1464) – beheaded at Newcastle after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian *

Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros Thomas Ros or Roos, 9th Baron Ros of Helmsley (9 September 1427 – 17 May 1464) was a follower of the House of Lancaster during the Wars of the Roses. Family Thomas Ros, born 9 September 1427, was the eldest son of Thomas Ros, 8th Baron R ...

(1464) – beheaded at Newcastle after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian * Sir Philip Wentworth (1464) – beheaded at Middleham after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian *Sir

William Tailboys William Tailboys, de jure 7th Baron Kyme (c.1416 – 26 May 1464) was a wealthy Lincolnshire squire and adherent of the Lancastrian cause during the Wars of the Roses. He was born in Kyme, Lincolnshire, the son of Sir Walter Tailboys and his f ...

(1464) – executed after the Battle of Hexham for being a Lancastrian *Sir Touchus Winterton (1469) – executed at York by order of

Edward IV Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...

for being a Lancastrian *Sir Charles Winterton (1469) – brother of above – executed at York by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian *

Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers (1405 – 12 August 1469), also Wydeville, was the father of Elizabeth Woodville and father-in-law of Edward IV. Early life Born at Maidstone in Kent, Richard Woodville was the son of Richard Wydeville ...

, Lord High Treasurer and

Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is the name of a ceremonial post in the United Kingdom. The post dates from at least the 12th century, when the title was Keeper of the Coast, but it may be older. The Lord Warden was originally in charge of the ...

(1469) – executed by order of

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl of Salisbury (22 November 1428 – 14 April 1471), known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, landowner of the House of Neville fortune and military c ...

for being a Yorkist * Sir John Woodville (1469) – son of above – executed by order of the Earl of Warwick for being a Yorkist *Sir Richard Smith (1469) – executed for treason at Salisbury for being a Lancastrian; brother of Sir Hugh Courtenay and the 14th and 15th Earls of Devon who were all executed for being Lancastrians (in 1471, 1461 and 1471 respectively) * William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1469) – executed after the

Battle of Edgecote Moor The Battle of Edgcote (also known as the Battle of Banbury or the Battle of Danes Moor) took place on 24 July 1469, during the Wars of the Roses. It was fought between a royal army, commanded by the earls of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke ...

for being a Yorkist *

Sir Richard Herbert Sir Richard Herbert (died 1510) of Ewyas, Herefordshire, was a Welsh knight, gentleman, landowner, and courtier. He was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423–1469), and Maud ap Howell Graunt, a daughter of Adam a ...

, illegitimate son of the above (1469) – executed after Battle of Edgecote Moor for being a Yorkist *

Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon Sir Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon, 1st Baron Stafford of Southwick (''ca.'' 143917 August 1469)Michael Hicks, ‘Stafford, Humphrey, earl of Devon (c.1439–1469)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, ...

(1469) – captured and executed in Bridgewater for being a Yorkist *

Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles (c.1428–1470), was an English nobleman and soldier. From a House of Lancaster, Lancastrian family, he came to be on good terms with the Yorkist King Edward IV of England, Edward IV, but was later executed after ...

(1470) – executed on the battlefield of Losecote by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian *Sir Lawrence Davis (1470) – executed on battlefield of Losecote by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian *

Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby and 8th Baron Welles (died 19 March 1470), was the son of Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles, and Joan Willoughby, 7th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. He was the prime mover in an uprising against Edwa ...

, son of Richard Welles (1470) – executed after the Battle of Losecoat by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian *

, Lord High Treasurer (1470) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VI for being a Yorkist *

Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset Edmund Beaufort (c. 1438 – 6 May 1471), styled 4th Duke of Somerset, 6th Earl of Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 3rd Earl of Dorset, was an English nobleman, and a military commander during the Wars of the Roses, in which he supported the La ...

(1471) – beheaded after the

Battle of Tewkesbury The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on Saturday 4 May 1471, was one of the most decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses in England. King Edward IV and his forces loyal to the House of York completely defeated those of the rival Hou ...

for being a Lancastrian *

John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon Sir John Courtenay (c. 1435 – 4 May 1471) was the third son of Thomas Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon, and Margaret Beaufort, and was styled Earl of Devon by Lancastrians in exile, following the execution of his brother the 14th earl in 1461. ...

(1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian *

Sir Hugh Courtenay Sir Hugh I Courtenay (after 1358 – 5 or 6 March 1425), of Haccombe in Devon, was Sheriff of Devon for 1418/19 and was thrice elected knight of the shire for Devon in 1395, 1397 and 1421. He was a grandson of Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd/10t ...

(1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian * Sir Gervase Clifton (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian *Ben Glover, eldest son of Sir John Delves, who was killed in the Battle of Tewkesbury (1471) – beheaded after the battle for being a Lancastrian * Sir Thomas Tresham – MP for Buckinghamshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire,

High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire This is an ''incomplete'' list of sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in England from 1154 until the abolition of the office in 1965. Exceptionally, the two counties shared a single sheriff. Sheriffs had a one-year term of office, bei ...

High Sheriff of Sussex The office of Sheriff of Sussex was established before the Norman Conquest. The Office of sheriff remained first in precedence in the counties until the reign of Edward VII when an Order in Council in 1908 gave the Lord-Lieutenant the prime office ...

High Sheriff of Surrey The list of known High Sheriffs of Surrey extends back to 1066. At various times the High Sheriff of Surrey was also High Sheriff of Sussex (1229–1231, 1232–1240, 1242–1567, 1571–1635). 1066–1228 (High Sheriffs of Surrey only) 1229– ...

Comptroller of the Household The Comptroller of the Household is an ancient position in the British royal household, nominally the second-ranking member of the Lord Steward's department after the Treasurer of the Household. The Comptroller was an ''ex officio'' member of ...

, Speaker of the House of Commons (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian *Sir John Langstrother – Grand Prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (1471) – beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury for being a Lancastrian * Sir Thomas Neville, the Bastard of Fauconberg (1471) – executed at Middleham Castle or Southampton by order of Edward IV for being a Lancastrian * Sir Thomas Vaughan (1483) – executed by order of

Richard III Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch the House of York. His defeat and death at the Battle of Boswor ...

William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (c. 1431 – 13 June 1483) was an English nobleman. A loyal follower of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, he became a close friend and one of the most important courtiers of King Edward IV, ...

(1483) – executed near Tower Chapel by order of Richard III *

Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (4 September 1455 – 2 November 1483), was an English nobleman known as the namesake of Buckingham's rebellion, a failed but significant collection of uprisings in England and parts of Wales against ...

– Lord High Constable (1483) – beheaded at Shrewsbury by order of Richard III *

Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers (c. 144025 June 1483), was an English nobleman, courtier, bibliophile and writer. He was the brother of Queen Elizabeth Woodville who married King Edward IV. He was one of the leading members of the Woodvi ...

–

Chief Butler of England The Chief Butler of England is an office of Grand Sergeanty associated with the feudal Manor of Kenninghall in Norfolk. The office requires service to be provided to the Monarch at the Coronation, in this case the service of ''Pincera Regis'', or ...

(1483) – executed at Pontefract Castle by order of Richard III * Sir Richard Grey (1483) – executed at Pontefract Castle by order of Richard III *Sir

Thomas St. Leger Sir Thomas St Leger KB ( – executed 13 November 1483) was the second son of Sir John St Leger (d.1441) of Ulcombe, Kent, and his wife, Margery Donnet. He was also the second husband of Anne of York (10 August 1439 – 1 February 1476), dau ...

(1483) – beheaded at Exeter for rebellion against his brother-in-law Richard III *Sir George Browne (1483) – beheaded at Tower Hill for rebellion against Richard III *

William Catesby William Catesby (1450 – 25 August 1485) was one of Richard III of England's principal councillors. He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Speaker of the House of Commons during Richard's reign. The Catesbys’ medieval wealth de ...

(1485) – beheaded at Leicester by order of Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth for being a Yorkist

Tudors

* Sir William Stanley (1495) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for supporting the pretender Perkin Warbeck * Simon Mountford (1495) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for supporting the pretender Perkin Warbeck *

James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley James Tuchet, 7th Baron Audley (c. 146328 June 1497) was a British nobleman and the only lord to fully join the Cornish rebellion of 1497 opposing the rule of Henry VII of England. He was a leader in the rebel army's march to the edge of Londo ...

(1497) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for opposing taxation *

Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick Edward is an English male name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortunate; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”. History The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-S ...

, claimant to the English throne from 9 April 1484 to March 1485 (1499) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII * Sir James Tyrrell (1502) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for treason *Sir Leon Taylor (1502) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VII for treason * Sir Edmund Dudley, Speaker of the House of Commons (1510) – executed at Tower Hill by order of

Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. ...

for extortion *

Sir Richard Empson Sir Richard Empson (c. 1450 – 17 August 1510), minister of Henry VII of England, Henry VII, was a son of Peter Empson. Educated as a lawyer, he soon attained considerable success in his profession, and in 1491 was a Knight of the shire for N ...

, Speaker of the House of Commons,

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is a ministerial office in the Government of the United Kingdom. Excluding the prime minister, the chancellor is the highest ranking minister in the Cabinet Office, immediately after the prime minister ...

(1510) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for extortion * Sir Andrew Barton,

High Admiral of Scotland Lord High Admiral of Scotland was the name of one of the Great Officers of State of the Kingdom of Scotland before the Union with England in 1707. The office was one of considerable power, also known as ''Royal Scottish Admiralty'', including c ...

(1511) – executed on capture as a pirate, according to ballads *

Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, 6th Earl of Suffolk, Order of the Garter, KG (c. 147130 April 1513), Earl of Suffolk, Duke of Suffolk, was an English nobleman and soldier. The son of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk and his wife Eliz ...

(1513) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII as a Yorkist claimant to the throne *

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (3 February 1478 – 17 May 1521) was an English nobleman. He was the son of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham, Katherine Woodville and nephew of E ...

, Lord High Steward and Lord High Constable (1521) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII as a claimant to throne *

Rhys ap Gruffydd Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197. Today, he is commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys' ...

(1531) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for conspiracy with Scotland *

John Fisher John Fisher (c. 19 October 1469 – 22 June 1535) was an English Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Rochester from 1504 to 1535 and as chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He is honoured as a martyr and saint by the Catholic Chu ...

, Catholic bishop of Rochester (1535) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for refusing to take the

Oath of Supremacy The Oath of Supremacy required any person taking public or church office in the Kingdom of England, or in its subordinate Kingdom of Ireland, to swear allegiance to the monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church. Failure to do so was to be trea ...

* Robert Lawrence (1535) – hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy *

Thomas More Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, theologian, and noted Renaissance humanist. He also served Henry VII ...

, knight, Lord Chancellor,

(1535) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy *

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn (; 1501 or 1507 – 19 May 1536) was List of English royal consorts, Queen of England from 1533 to 1536, as the Wives of Henry VIII, second wife of King Henry VIII. The circumstances of her marriage and execution, by beheading ...

, Henry VIII's second queen (1536) – executed by sword at the

Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic citadel and castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamle ...

by order of Henry VIII for treason *

George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford ( – 17 May 1536) was an English courtier and nobleman who played a prominent role in the politics of the early 1530s as the brother of Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII. George was the mate ...

(1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason * Sir Henry Norris,

Groom of the Stool The Groom of the Stool (formally styled: "Groom of the King's Close Stool") was the most intimate of an English monarch's courtiers, initially responsible for assisting the king in excretion and hygiene. The physical intimacy of the role natur ...

(1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason * Sir William Brereton,

Groom of the Privy Chamber A bridegroom (often shortened to groom) is a man who is about to be married Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obli ...

(1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason * Sir Francis Weston,

Gentleman of the Privy Chamber A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England. The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, f ...

(1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason *

Mark Smeaton Mark Smeaton ( – 17 May 1536) was a musician at the court of Henry VIII of England, in the household of Queen Anne Boleyn. Smeaton – together with the Queen's brother George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford; Henry Norris, Francis Weston, and Wi ...

(1536) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason *

Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Darcy or of Temple Hurst ( 1467 – 30 June 1537) was an English nobleman, the only son, and heir, of Sir William Darcy (1443 – 30 May 1488) and his wife, Euphemia Langton, the daughter of Sir John Langton. Darc ...

(1537) – beheaded at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for being in the

Pilgrimage of Grace The Pilgrimage of Grace was an English Catholic popular revolt beginning in Yorkshire in October 1536 before spreading to other parts of Northern England, including Cumberland, Northumberland, Durham and north Lancashire. The protests occurre ...

John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford (sometimes spelled Hosey, Husey, Hussie, Huse; 1465/1466 – 29 June 1537) was Chief Butler of England from 1521 until his death. He was a member of the House of Lords, and a Chamberlain to King Henry ...

(1537) – beheaded at Lincoln by order of Henry VIII for being in the Pilgrimage of Grace *

Francis Bigod Sir Francis Bigod (4 October 1507 – 2 June 1537; also spelled ''Bigot, Bygod, Bygott, Bygate'') was an English nobleman who was the leader of Bigod's Rebellion. Family Francis Bigod was descended from the Bigod Earls of Norfolk and from the ...

(1537) – executed as the leader of Bigod's Rebellion * Henry Pole, 11th Baron Montacute (1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the

Exeter Conspiracy The Exeter Conspiracy in 1538 was a supposed attempt to overthrow Henry VIII, who had taken control of the Church of England away from the Pope, and replace him with Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, who was a first cousin of the King. Co ...

Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon (c. 1498 – 9 December 1538), feudal baron of Okehampton, feudal baron of Plympton, of Tiverton Castle, Okehampton Castle and Colcombe Castle all in Devon, was a grandson of ...

Lord Warden of the Stannaries The Lord Warden of the Stannaries (from for Tin, Tin, Sn) used to exercise judicial and military functions in Cornwall, England, UK, and is still the official who, upon the commission of the British monarchy, monarch or Duke of Cornwall for the ...

(1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the Exeter Conspiracy * Sir Nicholas Carew,

Master of the Horse Master of the Horse is an official position in several European nations. It was more common when most countries in Europe were monarchies, and is of varying prominence today. (ancient Rome) The original Master of the Horse () in the Roman Rep ...

(1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for taking part in the

Sir Thomas Dingley Sir Thomas Dingley (executed 9 or 10 July 1539) was an English prior of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. He is venerated as a Roman Catholic martyr. Biography Sir Thomas was the son of John Dingley of Boston, Lincolnshire and his wife, Ma ...

(1539) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for being implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace * Sir Adrian Fortescue (1539) – executed by order of Henry VIII for being a Catholic * Richard Whiting, Abbot of Glastonbury (1539) – executed on Glastonbury Tor by order of Thomas Cromwell (hanged, drawn and quartered) *

Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex Thomas Cromwell (; – 28 July 1540) was an English statesman and lawyer who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 to 1540, when he was beheaded on orders of the king, who later blamed false charges for the execution. Cromwell ...

, Secretary of State,

Master of the Rolls The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Court of Appeal (England and Wales)#Civil Division, Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales ...

Lord Privy Seal The Lord Privy Seal (or, more formally, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal) is the fifth of the Great Officers of State (United Kingdom), Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord President of the Council and abov ...

Governor of the Isle of Wight Below is a list of those who have held the office of Governor of the Isle of Wight in England. Lord Mottistone was the last lord lieutenant to hold the title governor, from 1992 to 1995; since then there has been no governor appointed. Governors ...

, Justice in Eyre, Lord Great Chamberlain (1540) – executed at Tower Hill by order of

Henry VIII of England Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. ...

for treason *

Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury (1503 – 28 July 1540), was created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbury in 1536. He was the first person to be convicted under the Buggery Act 1533. Biography Walter Hungerford was born in 15 ...

(1540) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason and buggery *

Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane Leonard Grey, Lord Deputy of Ireland (1479/149228 July 1541), known as Lord Leonard Grey prior to 1536, served as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1536 to 1540. Family Leonard Grey was a younger son of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset and Cecily ...

Lord Deputy of Ireland The Lord Deputy was the representative of the monarch and head of the Irish executive (government), executive under English rule, during the Lordship of Ireland and then the Kingdom of Ireland. He deputised prior to 1523 for the Viceroy of Ireland ...

(1541) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII for treason after allowing the escape of his nephew

Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (1525 – 16 November 1585), also known as the "Wizard Earl" (a sobriquet also given to Henry Percy), was an Irish peer. He was the son of Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare and his second wife Eli ...

Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 – 27 May 1541), was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III) and his wife Isabel Neville. As a result of Ma ...

(1541) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason * Sir John Neville of Chevet (1541) – executed by order of Henry VIII * Sir Thomas Culpepper (1541) – executed at Tyburn by order of Henry VIII for treason (adultery with the queen) *

Catherine Howard Catherine Howard ( – 13 February 1542) was Queen of England from July 1540 until November 1541 as the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, a first cousin to Anne Boleyn (the second ...

, Henry VIII's fifth queen (1542) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason *

Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford (; – 13 February 1542) was an English noblewoman. Her husband, George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, was the brother of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, and a cousin to King Henry VIII's fifth wi ...

, wife of the executed George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, and sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn (1542) – executed at Tower Green by order of Henry VIII for treason *

Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, KG (1516/1517–19 January 1547) was an English nobleman, politician and poet. He was one of the founders of English Renaissance poetry and was the last known person to have been executed at the insistence of King ...

, Earl Marshal (1547) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Henry VIII for treason *

Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, KG, PC (20 March 1549) was a brother of Jane Seymour, the third wife of King Henry VIII. With his brother, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector of England, he vied for control o ...

Master-General of the Ordnance The Master-General of the Ordnance (MGO) was a very senior British military position from 1415 to 2013 (except 1855–1895 and 1939–1958) with some changes to the name, usually held by a serving general. The Master-General of the Ordnance was ...

, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Lord High Admiral, husband of Henry VIII's sixth wife and widow

Catherine Parr Catherine Parr ( – 5 September 1548) was Queen of England and Ireland as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 12 July 1543 until Henry's death on 28 January 1547. Catherine was the final queen consort o ...

and the brother of Henry's third wife

Jane Seymour Jane Seymour (; 24 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen following the execution of Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was ...

(1549) – beheaded for treason at Tower Hill during the reign of

Edward VI Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was King of England and King of Ireland, Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death in 1553. He was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine. The only surviving son of Henry VIII by his thi ...

Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp (150022 January 1552) was an English nobleman and politician who served as Lord Protector of England from 1547 to 1549 during the minority of his nephew King E ...

, Earl Marshal, Lord High Treasurer, Lord High Admiral,

Lord Protector Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometime ...

of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549 (1552) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for plotting the murder of John Dudley * Sir Thomas Arundell of Lanherne,

(1552) – beheaded at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for treason * Sir Michael Stanhope, Chief Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1552) – beheaded at Tower Hill during the reign of Edward VI for treason *

John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504Loades 2008 – 22 August 1553) was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane ...

, Vice-Admiral, Lord High Admiral, Governor of

Boulogne Boulogne-sur-Mer (; ; ; or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Hauts-de-France, Northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Pas-de-Calais. Boul ...

, President of the Council in the Marches, Lord Great Chamberlain, Grand Master of the Royal Household, Earl Marshal,

Lord President of the Council The Lord President of the Council is the presiding officer of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and the fourth of the Great Officers of State, ranking below the Lord High Treasurer but above the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. The Lor ...

, Warden General of the Scottish Marches (1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of

Mary I Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She made vigorous a ...

for supporting Lady Jane Grey *Sir

John Gates John "Johnny" Gates, born Solomon Regenstreif (28 September 1913 – 23 May 1992) was an American communist businessman, best remembered as one of the individuals spearheading a failed attempt at liberalization of the Communist Party USA in 19 ...

(1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting Lady Jane Grey * Sir Thomas Palmer (1553) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting Lady Jane Grey *

Lady Jane Grey Lady Jane Grey (1536/1537 – 12 February 1554), also known as Lady Jane Dudley after her marriage, and nicknamed as the "Nine Days Queen", was an English noblewoman who was proclaimed Queen of England and Ireland on 10 July 1553 and reigned ...

, disputed Queen of England from 10 to 19 July 1553 (1554) – executed at Tower Green by Mary I *

Lord Guilford Dudley Lord Guildford Dudley (also spelt Guilford) ( – 12 February 1554) was an English nobleman who was married to Lady Jane Grey. She occupied the English throne from 10 July until 19 July 1553, having been declared the heir of King Edw ...

, son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland and husband of Lady Jane Grey (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for supporting his wife's claim to the throne *

Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, 3rd Marquess of Dorset (17 January 151723 February 1554), was an English courtier and nobleman of the Tudor period. He was the father of Lady Jane Grey, known as "the Nine Days Queen". Origins He was born on 17 ...

, father of the above,

Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire. Since 1703, all Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Leicestershire. Lord Lieutenants * Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of Dorset 1549–1551 * Francis Hasti ...

, Justice in Eyre (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for rebellion * Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger (1554) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Mary I for rebellion *

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, (10 March 1536 or 1538 2 June 1572), was an English nobleman and politician. He was a second cousin of Queen Elizabeth I and held many high offices during the earlier part of her reign. Norfolk was the s ...

, Earl Marshal (1572) – executed at Tower Hill by order of

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudo ...

for the

Ridolfi plot The Ridolfi plot was a Catholic plot in 1571 to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel between Bruss ...

Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, 1st Baron Percy, KG (152822 August 1572) was an English nobleman, politician and Roman Catholic rebel leader, who led the Rising of the North against Elizabeth I in 1569. After the failure of the risin ...

(1572) – executed at York during the reign of Elizabeth I for taking part in the

Rising of the North The Rising of the North of 1569, also called the Revolt of the Northern Earls, Northern Rebellion or the Rebellion of the Earls, was an unsuccessful attempt by Catholicism, Catholic nobles from Northern England to depose Queen Elizabeth I of En ...

* Sir Thomas Doughty (1578) – executed by order of

Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( 1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English Exploration, explorer and privateer best known for making the Francis Drake's circumnavigation, second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition between 1577 and 1580 (bein ...

Edward Arden Edward Arden (c. 1542–1583) was an English nobleman and head of the Arden family, who became a Catholic martyr. Arden lived in Park Hall, Castle Bromwich, an estate near modern-day Birmingham. He was a recusant Catholic and kept a priest, H ...

(1583) – executed at

Tyburn Tyburn was a Manorialism, manor (estate) in London, Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone. Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne. The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne ...

during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason (hanged, drawn and quartered) * Sir Francis Throckmorton (1584) – executed during the reign of Elizabeth I Maria Stuart Execution

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was List of Scottish monarchs, Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legit ...

–

Queen of Scots The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British cons ...

and

Queen consort of France This is a list of the women who were queen consort, queens or empresses as wives of List of French monarchs, French monarchs from the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which gave rise to West Francia, until 1870, when the French Third Republic was declared ...

(1587) – Executed during the reign of

Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history ...

for treason *

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I. Politically ambitious, he was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during th ...

, Earl Marshal,

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the K ...

Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire. * John Vaughan bef. 1544 – bef. 1558 * Thomas Cathern bef. 1558 – bef. 1562 * Sir John Perrot bef. 1562–1592 * Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex bef ...

and of Staffordshire,

(1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason *

Sir Christopher Blount Sir Christopher Blount (1555/1556Hammer 2008 – 18 March 1601) was an English soldier, secret agent, and rebel. He served as a leading household officer of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. A Catholic, Blount corresponded with Mary, Queen of ...

(1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason * Sir Charles Danvers (1601) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of Elizabeth I for treason

James I and Charles I

This list excludes executions during the Civil War, for which see the next section. *

Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh (; – 29 October 1618) was an English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer. One of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era, he played a leading part in English colonisation of North America, suppressed rebellio ...

Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall. Since 1742, all the Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Cornwall. Lord Lieutenants * John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford 1552–1554 * John Bourchier, 2nd ...

Vice-Admiral of Devon The holder of the post Vice-Admiral of Devon was responsible for the defence of the county of Devon, England. History As a Vice-Admiral, the post holder was the chief of naval administration for his district. His responsibilities included pres ...

Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard The Captain of the King's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard is a Government of the United Kingdom, UK Government post usually held by the Government Whip (politics), Deputy Chief Whip in the House of Lords. The present Captain is Margaret Whe ...

Governor of Jersey Jersey ( ; ), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey, is an autonomous and self-governing island territory of the British Islands. Although as a British Crown Dependency it is not a sovereign state, it has its own distinguishing civil and gover ...

(1618) – executed in the

Old Palace Yard Old Palace Yard is a paved open space in the City of Westminster in Central London, England. It lies between the Palace of Westminster to its north and east and Westminster Abbey to its west. It is known as the site of executions, including tho ...

, Westminster, by order of James I * Mervyn Touchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven – executed at Tower Hill for aiding buggery (1631) *

Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (13 April 1593 (New Style, N.S.)12 May 1641), was an English people, English statesman and a major figure in the period leading up to the English Civil War. He served in Parliament of England, Parliament ...

Custos Rotulorum of the West Riding of Yorkshire This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of the West Riding of Yorkshire. * Sir Richard Lyster bef. 1544 – aft. 1547 * Sir Thomas Gargrave bef. 1558–1579 * Francis Wortley 1579–1583 * Sir Cotton Gargrave 158 ...

Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire This is a list of people who served as Lord Lieutenant of Yorkshire. List of Lord Lieutenants From 1642 until 1660 the position was vacant, however after the Restoration, a separate lieutenant was appointed for each of the three ridings; se ...

(1641) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of

Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

Civil War

Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet Sir Alexander Carew (30 August 160823 December 1644) was an English landowner, soldier and politician from Antony, Cornwall. Elected Member of Parliament for Cornwall in November 1640, he voted for the execution of the Earl of Strafford in May ...

(1644) – executed at Tower Hill for treason on orders of

*Archbishop

William Laud William Laud (; 7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I of England, Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Caroline era#Religion, Charles I's religious re ...

, Archbishop of Canterbury (1645) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of Parliament * Sir John Hotham the Younger (1645) – executed at Tower Hill on orders of Parliament for betraying the Parliamentarians to the Royalists *

Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet ( – 3 January 1645) of Scorborough Hall, near Driffield, Yorkshire, was an English Member of Parliament who was Governor of Hull in 1642 shortly before the start of the Civil War. He refused to allow King ...

, of Scarborough (1645) – father of the above – executed for betraying the Parliamentarians to the Royalists *

Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland from 27 March 1625 until Execution of Charles I, his execution in 1649. Charles was born ...

and Scotland (1649) – executed in Whitehall, London, by order of the

Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament describes the members of the Long Parliament who remained in session after Colonel Thomas Pride, on 6 December 1648, commanded his soldiers to Pride's Purge, purge the House of Commons of those Members of Parliament, members ...

after a trial *

James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (19 June 1606 – 9 March 1649), known as the 3rd Marquess of Hamilton from March 1625 until April 1643, was a Scottish nobleman and influential political and military leader during the Thirty Years' War and ...

Lord Chancellor of Scotland The Lord Chancellor of Scotland, formally titled Lord High Chancellor, was an Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland. The Lord Chancellor was the principal Great Officer of State, the presiding officer of the Parliament of Scotland, the K ...

(1649) – executed by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist *

Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham (20 February 16089 March 1649), of Hadham Hall and Cassiobury House, Watford, both in Hertfordshire, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 until 1641 when he was raised ...

(1649) – executed by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist *

Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland (baptised 15 August 1590, died 9 March 1649), was an English courtier and politician executed by Parliament of England, Parliament after being captured fighting for the Cavaliers, Royalists during the Second Engli ...

Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire. Since 1689, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Berkshire. Lord-Lieutenants of Berkshire *Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk 1545–22 August 1545 *Edw ...

and of Middlesex, Justice in Eyre (1649) – executed in London by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist *

Sir Henry Hyde Sir Henry Hyde (c.1605–1650) was a Royalist diplomat beheaded by the Parliamentarians, for acting as an envoy for the soon-to-be exiled King, Charles II of England. His father Lawrence Hyde (1562-1641) of Salisbury, Wiltshire, was the attorn ...

(1650) – beheaded in London by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist * Eusebius Andrews (1650) – beheaded on Tower Hill for treason as a Royalist *

James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (31 January 160715 October 1651) was an English nobleman, politician, and supporter of the Cavalier, Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Before inheriting the title in 1642 he was known as Lord Strange. He ...

Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of the County Palatine of Chester. Since 1689, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Cheshire. Lord Lieutenants of Cheshire Vice Lieutenants *Alan Egerton, 3rd Baro ...

and of Lancashire,

Vice-Admiral of Cheshire The holder of the post Vice-Admiral of Cheshire was responsible for the defence County of Cheshire, England. As a Vice-Admiral, the post holder was the chief of naval administration for his district. His responsibilities included pressing men f ...

(1651) – executed at Bolton by order of the Rump Parliament for being a Royalist

Commonwealth

John Gerard John Gerard (also John Gerarde, 1545–1612) was an English herbalist with a large garden in Holborn, now part of London. His 1,484-page illustrated ''Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes'', first published in 1597, became a popular garde ...

(1654) – beheaded on Tower Hill for plotting against

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially ...

* Sir John Penruddock (1655) – executed at Exeter for being a Royalist *

Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet Sir Henry Slingsby of Scriven, 1st Baronet, 14 January 1602 – 8 June 1658, was an English landowner, politician and soldier who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1625 and 1642. A Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingd ...

(1658) – beheaded on Tower Hill, London for being a Royalist * Reverend Dr. John Huett (1658) – beheaded on Tower Hill, London for being a Royalist

Restored Stuarts

Gregory Clement Gregory Clement (1594 – 17 October 1660) was an English Member of Parliament (MP) and one of Charles I's regicides, who was tried for treason, found guilty, and hanged, drawn and quartered on 17 October 1660. Gregory Clement and his wife Ma ...

(1660) (MP) – hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross by order of Charles II as a regicide *

(1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide. *

Henry Ireton Henry Ireton (baptised 3 November 1611; died 26 November 1651) was an English general in the Parliamentarian army during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, and a son-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. He died of disease outside Limerick in November 165 ...

(1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide * John Bradshaw (1661) – posthumously beheaded at Tyburn by order of Charles II as a regicide *

Sir Henry Vane the Younger Sir Henry Vane (baptised 26 March 161314 June 1662), often referred to as Harry Vane and Henry Vane the Younger to distinguish him from his father, Henry Vane the Elder, was an English politician, statesman, and colonial governor. He was br ...

(1662) – executed at Tower Hill by order of Charles II for his support of Oliver Cromwell *

John Twyn John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second Ep ...

(1663) – hanged, drawn, quartered and beheaded (and head displayed on a Ludgate spike) for publishing an anonymous pamphlet justifying the right of rebellion against the king *

William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royali ...

(1680) – executed at Tower Hill for treason *

Oliver Plunkett Oliver Plunkett (or Oliver Plunket; ; 1 November 1625 – 1 July 1681) was the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland and the last victim of the Popish Plot. He was beatified in 1920 and canonised in 1975, thus becoming t ...

(1681) – hanged, drawn and quartered in London for treason *

William Russell, Lord Russell William Russell, Lord Russell (29 September 163921 July 1683) was an English Country Party politician and nobleman. He was a leading member of the Country Party, forerunners of the Whigs, who during the reign of Charles II of England laid th ...

, MP for

Tavistock Tavistock ( ) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. It is situated on the River Tavy, from which its name derives. At the 2011 census, the three electoral wards (N ...

(1683) – executed for being involved with the

Rye House Plot The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother (and heir to the throne) James, Duke of York. The royal party went from Westminster to Newmarket to see horse races and were expected to make the r ...

Algernon Sidney Algernon Sidney or Sydney (15 January 1623 – 7 December 1683) was an English politician, republican political theorist and colonel. A member of the middle part of the Long Parliament and commissioner of the trial of King Charles I of Englan ...

(1683) – executed at Tower Hill for being involved with the Rye House Plot *

Sir Thomas Armstrong Sir Thomas Armstrong ( – 20 June 1684) was an English Army officer and politician who was executed for treason.Richard L. Greaves, Armstrong, Sir Thomas (bap. 1633, d. 1684), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press ...

, MP for

Stafford Stafford () is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about south of Stoke-on-Trent, north of Wolverhampton, and northwest of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021–2022 United Kingd ...

(1684) – executed by order of

Judge Jeffreys George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys (15 May 1645 – 18 April 1689), also known as "the Hanging Judge", was a Welsh judge. He became notable during the reign of King James II, rising to the position of Lord Chancellor (and serving as L ...

for supporting Monmouth *

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English nobleman and military officer. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest ill ...

(1685) – executed at Tower Hill during the reign of James II after the

Battle of Sedgemoor The Battle of Sedgemoor was the last and decisive engagement between forces loyal to James II and rebels led by the Duke of Monmouth during the Monmouth rebellion, fought on 6 July 1685, and took place at Westonzoyland near Bridgwater in S ...

for treason *Lady

Alice Lisle Alice, Lady Lisle (September 16172 September 1685), commonly known as Alicia Lisle or Dame Alice Lyle, was a landed lady of the English county of Hampshire, who was executed for harbouring fugitives after the defeat of the Monmouth Rebellion at t ...

(1685) – executed at Winchester by Judge Jeffreys by the

Bloody Assizes The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor, which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England. History There were five judges: Sir William Montague ( Lord Chief B ...

for harbouring Monmouth rebels * Sir John Fenwick (1697) – Jacobite rebel executed at Tower Hill in reign of

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily () * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg (1817–1890) N ...

for treason

European New World colonies

Bolivia

Manuel Ascencio Padilla Commandante Manuel Ascencio Padilla (or Manuel Ascensio Padilla) (September 26, 1774 – September 14, 1816) was an Upper Peruvian Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla chief who fought in the Bolivian War of Independence with his wife, Juana Azurdu ...

(1816) – executed for insurrection after the

Battle of La Laguna The Battle of Aguere, or Battle of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, was fought between forces of the Crown of Castile, led by the Adelantado (military governor) Alonso Fernández de Lugo, and the natives of Tenerife, called Guanches. The battle took pl ...

Brazil

* Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (

Tiradentes Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (; 12 November 1746 – 21 April 1792), known as Tiradentes (), was a leading member of the Colonial Brazil, colonial Brazilian revolutionary movement known as the Inconfidência Mineira, whose aim was full i ...

) (1792) – the body was quartered after his hanging for revolutionary activity

British North America

Wingina Wingina ( – 1 June 1586), also known as Pemisapan, was a Secotan weroance who was the first Native American leader to be encountered by English colonists in North America. During the late 16th century, English explorers British colonizatio ...

(1586) – Roanoke Indian chief executed by first English settlers in the New World *Wituwamat (1623) – Neponset warrior killed and beheaded by the

Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony (sometimes spelled Plimouth) was the first permanent English colony in New England from 1620 and the third permanent English colony in America, after Newfoundland and the Jamestown Colony. It was settled by the passengers on t ...

Pilgrim/soldier

Miles Standish Myles Standish ( – October 3, 1656) was an English military officer and colonist. He was hired as military adviser for Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts, United States by the Pilgrims. Standish accompanied the Pilgrims on the shi ...

Metacomet Metacomet (c. 1638 in Massachusetts – August 12, 1676), also known as Pometacom, Metacom, and by his adopted English name King Philip,New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...

Wampanoag The Wampanoag, also rendered Wôpanâak, are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, Northeastern Woodlands currently based in southeastern Massachusetts and forme ...

chief "King Philip" executed for resisting white settlement *

Blackbeard Edward Teach (or Thatch; – 22 November 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was an English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of Britain's North American colonies. Little is known about his early life, but he ma ...

(1718) – famous pirate beheaded after capture at

Ocracoke Island Ocracoke ( )
, from the North Carolina Collection website at the

Haiti

Dutty Boukman Dutty Boukman (or Boukman Dutty; died 7 November 1791) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Born to a Muslim family in Senegambia (present-day Senegal and Gambia), he was initially enslaved in Jamaica. He eventually ended up in Haiti, where h ...

(1791) – executed by the French for promoting a

slave rebellion A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by slaves, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of slaves have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery or have practiced slavery in the past. A desire for freedom and the dream o ...

Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla Gallaga Mandarte y Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), commonly known as Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo (), was a Catholic priest, leader of the Mexican War ...

and

Ignacio Allende Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga (, , ; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as Ignacio Allende, was a captain of the Spanish Army in New Spain who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secre ...

(1811) – Mexican insurgents were beheaded after their

execution by firing squad Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French , rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually rea ...

Panama

Vasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (; c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish people, Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for crossing the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to ...

(1519) –

Spanish conquistador Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (; ; ) were Spanish and Portuguese colonizers who explored, traded with and colonized parts of the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Asia during the Age of Discovery. Sailing beyond the Iberian Peninsula, the ...

who discovered the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

. Executed by rivals

Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ; – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish ''conquistador'', best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Trujillo, Spain, to a poor fam ...

and Pedro Arias de Avila

Peru

Diego de Almagro Diego de Almagro (; – July 8, 1538), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing ...

(1538) – executed in

Cuzco Cusco or Cuzco (; or , ) is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river. It is the capital of the eponymous province and department. The city was the capital of the Inca Empire unti ...

by his rival

Blasco Núñez Vela Blasco Núñez Vela (c. 1490 – January 18, 1546) was the first Spanish viceroy of South America ("Viceroyalty of Peru"). Serving from May 15, 1544 to January 18, 1546, he was charged by Charles V with the enforcement of the controversial ...

(1546) - Peru's first viceroy; killed in battle with

Gonzalo Pizarro Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso (; 1510 – 10 April 1548) was a Spanish conquistador. He was the younger paternal half brother of Francisco Pizarro, who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Pizarro was the illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro y ...

, then decapitated, near

Quito Quito (; ), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city, capital and second-largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha Province, P ...

(1548) – executed in Peru by

Pedro de la Gasca Pedro de la Gasca (June 1485 – 13 November 1567) was a Spanish bishop, diplomat and the second (acting) viceroy of Peru, from 10 April 1547 to 27 January 1550. He was known by his renowned political ability in spite of his physical deformi ...

for rebellion

Finland

*Mikael Munck (1599) – executed in the

Åbo Bloodbath The Åbo Bloodbath (; ) of 10 November 1599 was a public execution in the town of Turku (Åbo), Finland, then part of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the context of the war against Sigismund. Sweden was by then in the final phase of a civil war, wit ...

. * Tahvo Putkonen (1825) – beheaded for murder; this was the last legal beheading in Finland.

France

Olivier IV de Clisson Olivier IV de Clisson (c. 1300–1343), was a Breton Marche Lord and knight who became embroiled in the intrigue of Vannes and was subsequently executed by the King of France for perceived treason. He was the husband of Jeanne de Clisson who ev ...

(1343) – executed by King Philip VI for treason *

Jean de Montaigu Jean de Montagu or Jean de Montaigu (c.1363, Paris – Paris, 17 October 1409), was a royal secretary to Charles V, and subsequently an administrator and advisor to Charles VI of France, who became a leading figure in France during the early 15th ...

(1409) – executed in Paris by King Charles VI * Gabriel de Lorges, Comte de Montgomery (1574) – executed by Queen

Catherine de' Medici Catherine de' Medici (, ; , ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian Republic of Florence, Florentine noblewoman of the Medici family and Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to Henry II of France, King Henry II. Sh ...

, wife of

Henry II Henry II may refer to: Kings * Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (972–1024), crowned King of Germany in 1002, of Italy in 1004 and Emperor in 1014 *Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154 *Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1 ...

, for treason *

Henri de Talleyrand-Périgord, comte de Chalais Henri de Talleyrand-Périgord, comte de Chalais (1599–1626) was a favorite of Louis XIII of France. He was born in 1599 as son to Daniel de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince de Chalais and Françoise de Montluc, daughter of Maréchal de Montluc. He ...

(1626) – executed in

Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...

for conspiracy against

Cardinal Richelieu Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), commonly known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a Catholic Church in France, French Catholic prelate and statesman who had an outsized influence in civil and religi ...

François-Jean de la Barre François-Jean Lefebvre de la Barre (12 September 17451 July 1766) was a French nobleman. He was tortured and Decapitation, beheaded before his body was burnt on a pyre along with Voltaire's ''Dictionnaire philosophique, Philosophical Dictionar ...

(1766) – beheaded and burnt in

Abbeville Abbeville (; ; ) is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France. It is the of one of the arrondissements of Somme. Located on the river Somme, it was the capital of Ponthieu. Geography Location A ...

for blasphemy * Nicolas Jacques Pelletier (1792) – highwayman convicted of murder. First person to be

guillotine A guillotine ( ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by Decapitation, beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secur ...

Revolutionary period

Some estimates place the number of persons executed by the

, particularly during the

Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror (French: ''La Terreur'', literally "The Terror") was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the French First Republic, First Republic, a series of massacres and Capital punishment in France, nu ...

(1793–1794), at 40,000. *

Jacques Cazotte Jacques Cazotte (; 17 October 1719 – 25 September 1792) was a French author and a monarchist. He predicted the Reign of Terror and was guillotined shortly after. Life Born in Dijon, he was educated by the Jesuits. Cazotte then worked for the ...

(1792) – guillotined for treason *

Arnaud II de La Porte Arnaud II de La Porte (born, Versailles, 14 October 1737; guillotined Paris, 23 August 1792) French statesman, Minister of the Marine, Intendant of the King's Civil List (Minister of the Royal Household). Early life and career Born at Versailles ...

(1792) – second political victim of the guillotine *

François III Maximilien de la Woestyne, 3rd Marquess of Becelaere François III Maximilien de la Woestyne, Marquess of Becelaere, 3rd Marquess of Becelaere, Grande of Spain and Lord of Walincourt (died in Cambrai on 12 May 1794) was a victim of the French Revolution. Family His father was Maximilien de la Woe ...

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir- ...

(1793) – guillotined *

Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette (; ; Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last List of French royal consorts, queen of France before the French Revolution and the establishment of the French First Republic. She was the ...

(1793) – guillotined for treason * Charles-Louis Antiboul (1793) – guillotined as a

Girondist The Girondins (, ), also called Girondists, were a political group during the French Revolution. From 1791 to 1793, the Girondins were active in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention. Together with the Montagnards, they initiall ...

Jean Sylvain Bailly Jean Sylvain Bailly (; 15 September 1736 – 12 November 1793) was a French astronomer, mathematician, freemason, and political leader of the early part of the French Revolution. He presided over the Tennis Court Oath, served as the mayor of ...

(1793) – Mayor of Paris. Guillotined *

Madame du Barry Jeanne Bécu, comtesse du Barry (; 28 August 1744 – 8 December 1793) was the last ''maîtresse-en-titre'' of King Louis XV of France. She was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution on accusations of treason—particularly being ...

(1793) – guillotined for treason *

Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède (; 1760 – 31 October 1793) was a French Girondin politician. A deputy to the National Convention from his native city, Bordeaux, he voted for the death of Louis XVI, denounced the September Massacres and accused ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Jacques Pierre Brissot Jacques Pierre Brissot (, 15 January 1754 – 31 October 1793), also known as Brissot de Warville, was a French journalist, abolitionist, and revolutionary leading the political faction, faction of Girondins (initially called Brissotins) at the ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist for sedition *

Charlotte Corday Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont (27 July 1768 – 17 July 1793), known simply as Charlotte Corday (), was a figure of the French Revolution who assassinated revolutionary and Jacobins, Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat on 13 July 1793. Cor ...

(1793) – guillotined for the murder of

Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat (, , ; born Jean-Paul Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist. A journalist and politician during the French Revolution, he was a vigorous defender of the ''sans-culottes ...

Jean-François Ducos Jean-François Ducos (26October 176531October 1793) was a French ''député'' for the Gironde to the Legislative Assembly then the National Convention. Life The son of a merchant in Bordeaux, he was sent to Nantes to learn his trade but there be ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist * Claude Fauchet (1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Armand Gensonné Armand Gensonné (, 10 August 175831 October 1793) was a French politician. The son of a military surgeon, he was born in Bordeaux, Gascony, and studied Law before the outbreak of the French Revolution, becoming lawyer of the ''parlement'' of ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Olympe de Gouges Olympe de Gouges (; born Marie Gouze; 7 May 17483 November 1793) was a French playwright and political activist. She is best known for her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen and other writings on women's rights and Abol ...

(1793) – guillotined for sedition *

Armand de Kersaint Vice-Admiral Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, comte de Kersaint (29 July 1742 – 4 December 1793) was a French Navy officer and politician who served in the American Revolutionary War. During the French Revolution, he aligned himself with the ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Marc David Alba Lasource Marc-David Alba also known as Marc-David Lasource (; 22 January 1763 – 31 October 1793) was a French statesman during the French Revolution, and a supporter of the Girondist faction during the National Convention. Biography Born in Anglès, i ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Madame Roland Marie-Jeanne "Manon" Roland de la Platière (Paris, March 17, 1754 – Paris, November 8, 1793), born Marie-Jeanne Phlipon, and best known under the name Madame RolandOccasionally, she is referred to as Dame Roland. This however is the except ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne (; 14 November 1743 – 5 December 1793) was a leader of the French Protestants and a moderate French revolutionary. Biography Jean-Paul Rabaut was born in 1743 in Nîmes, in the department of Gard, the son of Pa ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud (; 31 May 1753 – 31 October 1793) was a French lawyer and statesman, a figure of the French Revolution. A deputy to the Assembly from Bordeaux, Vergniaud was an eloquent orator. He was a supporter of Jacques Pier ...

(1793) – guillotined as a Girondist * Henri Admirat (1794) – guillotined for the attempted assassination of

Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois (; 19 June 1749 – 8 June 1796) was a French actor, dramatist, essayist, and revolutionary. He was a member of the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror and, while he saved Madame Tussaud from the ...

Eustache Charles d'Aoust Eustache Charles Joseph d'Aoust (27 February 1763, Douai – 2 July 1794, Paris) was a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He started his military career in the Old Regime army, served on the staffs of three of the early ar ...

(1794) – Army officer. Guillotined in Paris. *

Jean-François Autié Jean-François Autié (1758 – 25 July 1794)Picard 1911p. 122 was a hairdresser to Queen Marie Antoinette. He was the youngest brother of Léonard-Alexis Autié and Pierre Autié (1753 – 1814), who were also hairdressers at the royal court. All ...

(1794) – Queen's hairdresser. Guillotined *

Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux (; 6 March 1767 – 25 June 1794) was a Girondin politician of the Revolutionary period and Freemason. He was the leader of the Fédérés and popular in the South of France. Biography Early career Born in Marsei ...

(1794) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Alexandre de Beauharnais Alexandre François Marie, Viscount of Beauharnais (; 28 May 1760 – 23 July 1794) was a French politician and general of the French Revolution. He was the first husband of Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie, who later married Napoleon Bonaparte ...

(1794) – husband of Josephine (who remarried Napoleon); guillotined *

Jean-Baptiste Carrier Jean-Baptiste Carrier (; 16 March 1756 – 16 December 1794) was a French Revolutionary and politician most notable for his actions in the War in the Vendée during the Reign of Terror. While under orders to suppress a Royalist counter-revoluti ...

(1794) – guillotined for war crimes in the Vendée *

François Chabot François Chabot (; 23 October 1756 – 5 April 1794) was a French politician. Early life Born in Saint-Geniez-d'Olt (Aveyron), Chabot became a Capuchin friar in Rodez before the French Revolution, while continuing to be attracted to the work ...

(1794) – guillotined for corruption in office *

Pierre Gaspard Chaumette Pierre Gaspard Anaxagore Chaumette (; 24 May 1763 – 13 April 1794) was a French politician of the Revolutionary period who served as the president of the Paris Commune and played a leading role in the establishment of the Reign of Terror. ...

(1794) - guillotined as an Hébertist *

André Chénier André Marie Chénier (; 30 October 176225 July 1794) was a French poet associated with the events of the French Revolution, during which he was sentenced to death. His sensual, emotive poetry marks him as one of the precursors of the Romantic ...

(1794) – poet, guillotined on trumped-up charges * Thérèse de Choiseul-Stainville (1794) – guillotined *

Anacharsis Cloots Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baron de Cloots (24 June 1755 – 24 March 1794), better known as Anacharsis Cloots (also spelled Clootz), was a Prussian nobleman who was a significant figure in the French Revolution. Perhaps the first to advoca ...

(1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

Georges Couthon Georges Auguste Couthon (, 22 December 1755 – 28 July 1794) was a French politician and lawyer known for his service as a deputy in the Legislative Assembly during the French Revolution. Couthon was elected to the Committee of Public Safety o ...

(1794) – guillotined by order of the

Committee of General Security The Committee of General Security () was a parliamentary committee of the French National Convention which acted as police agency during the French Revolution. Established as a committee of the Convention in October 1792, it was designed to protec ...

Georges Danton Georges Jacques Danton (; ; 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a leading figure of the French Revolution. A modest and unknown lawyer on the eve of the Revolution, Danton became a famous orator of the Cordeliers Club and was raised to gove ...

(1794) – guillotined for corruption *

Camille Desmoulins Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins (; 2 March 17605 April 1794) was a French journalist, politician and a prominent figure of the French Revolution. He is best known for playing an instrumental role in the events that led to the Stormin ...

(1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre *General Arthur Dillon (1794) – guillotined in Paris for conspiracy * Pierre-Ulric Dubuisson (1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil (5 December 174522 April 1794), French magistrate and politician, was born in India at Pondicherry, his father being a colleague of Joseph François Dupleix. Returning to France in 1750 he was educated in Paris ...

(1794) – guillotined in Paris for support of the monarchy *

Fabre d'Églantine Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine (; 28 July 1750 – 5 April 1794), commonly known as Fabre d'Églantine, was a French actor, dramatist, poet, and politician of the French Revolution. He is best known for having invented the names o ...

(1794) – guillotined for fraud *

Madame Élisabeth Madame may refer to: * Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French * Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel * ''Madame'' ( ...

(1794) *

Marguerite-Élie Guadet Marguerite-Élie Guadet (, 20 July 1758 – 19 June 1794) was a French political figure of the Revolutionary period. Rise to prominence Born in Saint-Émilion, Gironde, Aquitaine, he had already gained a reputation as a lawyer in Bordeaux by t ...

(1794) – guillotined as a Girondist *

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel (; 1 September 1727 – 13 April 1794) was a French Catholic cleric and politician of the Revolution. He was executed during the Reign of Terror. Biography Gobel was born in the town of Thann in Alsace to a lawye ...

(1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

François Hanriot François Hanriot (; 2 December 1759 – 28 July 1794) was a French Sans-culotte leader, street orator, and commander of the National Guard during the French Revolution. He played a vital role in the Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 and ...

(1794) – guillotined with Robespierre *

Jacques Hébert Jacques René Hébert (; 15 November 1757 – 24 March 1794) was a French journalist and leader of the French Revolution. As the founder and editor of the radical newspaper ''Le Père Duchesne'', he had thousands of followers known as ''the ...

(1794) – Leader of Hébertist faction. Guillotined for sedition *

Marie Marguerite Françoise Hébert Marie Marguerite Françoise Hébert, née Marie Goupil (1756, Paris – 13 April 1794, Paris), was a figure in the French Revolution who died by guillotine during the Reign of Terror. Biography Marie Goupil was born in Paris to Jacques Goupil, ...

(1794) – wife of Jacques Hébert, guillotined as Hébertist *

Antoine Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( ; ; 26 August 17438 May 1794), When reduced without charcoal, it gave off an air which supported respiration and combustion in an enhanced way. He concluded that this was just a pure form of common air and that i ...

(1794) – the " Father of Modern Chemistry"; guillotined for treason *

Joseph Le Bon Joseph Le Bon (29 September 1765 – 10 October 1795) was a French politician. Biography He was born at Arras. He became a priest in the order of the Oratory, and professor of rhetoric at Beaune. He adopted revolutionary ideas, and became a cu ...

(1794) – guillotined for abuse of power *

Antoine-François Momoro Antoine-François Momoro (; 1756 – 24 March 1794) was a French printer, bookseller and politician during the French Revolution. An important figure in the Cordeliers club and in Hébertisme, he is the originator of the phrase ''″Unité, In ...

(1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

Philippe de Noailles Philippe de Noailles, comte de Noailles and later prince de Poix, duc de Mouchy, and duc de Poix ''à brevêt'' (27 December 1715 in Paris27 June 1794 in Paris), was a younger brother of Louis de Noailles, and a more distinguished soldier than his ...

(1794) – guillotined in Paris *

Anne de Noailles Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles (died 15 February 1678) was the great-grandson of Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles. He played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newl ...

(1794) – guillotined in Paris * Pierre Philippeaux (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre *

Maximilien Robespierre Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (; ; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognised as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. Robespierre ferv ...

(1794) – guillotined by order of the Committee of General Security *

Charles-Philippe Ronsin Charles-Philippe Ronsin (; 1 December 1751 – 24 March 1794) was a French general of the Revolutionary Army of the First French Republic, commanding the large Parisian division of ''l'Armée Révolutionnaire''. He was an extreme radical lead ...

(1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

Louis Antoine de Saint-Just Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just (; 25 August 176710 Thermidor, Year II 8 July 1794, sometimes nicknamed the Archangel of Terror, was a French revolutionary, political philosopher, member and president of the National Convention, French ...

(1794) – guillotined by order of the Committee of General Security * Marie Jean Hérault de Séchelles (1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre *

Jacques Guillaume Thouret Jacques Guillaume Thouret (; 30 April 1746 – 22 April 1794) was a French Girondin revolutionary, lawyer, president of the National Constituent Assembly and victim of the guillotine. Biography Born at Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados (Normandy) t ...

(1794) – guillotined as a Girondist *

François-Nicolas Vincent François-Nicolas Vincent (; born 1766 or 1767; died 24 March 1794) was the Secretary General of the War Ministry in the First French Republic, and a significant figure in the French Revolution. A member of the Cordelier Club, he is best known as ...

(1794) – guillotined as an Hébertist *

François Joseph Westermann François Joseph Westermann (5 September 17515 April 1794) was a French revolutionary and military leader during the French Revolution. He is best known as one of the main French Republican commanders in the initial stage of the War in the Vend� ...

(1794) – guillotined for plotting against Robespierre

First Republic

The First Republic was founded in 1792. This list includes only those executed after the Reign of Terror. *

Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville (, 10 June 17467 May 1795), also called Fouquier-Tinville and nicknamed posthumously the Provider of the Guillotine was a French lawyer and accusateur public of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the French R ...

(1795) – guillotined for abuse of his post as public prosecutor *

François-Noël Babeuf François-Noël Babeuf (; 23 November 1760 – 27 May 1797), also known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French proto-communist, revolutionary, and journalist of the French Revolutionary period. His newspaper ''Le tribun du peuple'' (''The Tribune of ...

(1797) – guillotined at

Vendôme Vendôme (, ) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Departments of France, department of Loir-et-Cher, France. It is also the department's third-biggest Communes of France, commune with 15,856 inhabitants (2019). It is one of th ...

for involvement in the

Conspiracy of Equals The Conspiracy of the Equals () of May 1796 was a failed coup d'etat during the French Revolution. It was led by François-Noël Babeuf, who wanted to overthrow the Directory and replace it with an egalitarian and proto-socialist republic, ins ...

Augustin Alexandre Darthé Augustin Alexandre Darthé (10 October 1769 – 27 May 1797) was a French revolutionary. Life Revolutionary Born in Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise, he became administrator of the '' département'' of Pas-de-Calais after the outbreak of the French Rev ...

(1797) - guillotined at Vendôme for involvement in the

Giuseppe Ceracchi Giuseppe Ceracchi, also known as ''Giuseppe Cirachi'', (4 July 1751 – 30 January 1801) was an Italian sculptor active in a Neoclassic style. He worked in Italy, England, and in the United States following the nation's emergence following the Am ...

(1801) – guillotined by

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

for his role in the

Restoration

Four Sergeants of La Rochelle The Four Sergeants of La Rochelle ( French: ''Quatre sergents de La Rochelle'') were a group of French soldiers who plotted to overthrow the French monarchy of the Bourbon Restoration. Sergeants Bories, Pommier, Gobin and Raoulx were associates o ...

(1822) – executed for treason against King

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 y ...

Giuseppe Marco Fieschi Giuseppe Marco Fieschi (13 December 1790 – 19 February 1836) was a Corsican mass murderer, and the chief conspirator in an attempted assassination of King Louis-Philippe of France on 28 July 1835. The attack on the King and his entourage, ...

(1836) – executed by guillotine for killing 18 people during an attempt to assassinate King

Louis-Philippe I Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, the penultimate monarch of France, and the last French monarch to bear the title "King". He abdicated from his thron ...

Third to Fifth Republics

Prado The Museo del Prado ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It houses collections of European art, dating from the 12th century to the early 20th century, based on ...

(1888) – Guillotined at La Rocquette, Paris for murder * François Claudius Koenigstein, known as

Ravachol François Claudius Ravachol (; born Koenigstein; 14 October 1859 – 11 July 1892) was a French illegalist anarchist mainly known for his terrorist activism, impact, the myths developed around his figure and his influence on the anarchist moveme ...

(1892) – guillotined for murder and anarchy *

Sante Geronimo Caserio Sante Geronimo Caserio (; 8 September 187316 August 1894) was an Italian baker, Anarchism, anarchist, and Propaganda of the deed, propagandist by the deed. He is primarily known for Assassination of Sadi Carnot, assassinating Sadi Carnot, the sit ...

(1894) – executed for the assassination of president

Marie François Sadi Carnot Marie François Sadi Carnot (; 11 August 1837 – 25 June 1894) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894. His presidency was marked by a series of poorly handled crises. General Boula ...

* Téophile Deroo, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in

Béthune Béthune ( ; archaic and ''Bethwyn'' historically in English) is a town in northern France, Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France, department. Geography Béthune is located in the Provinces of Fran ...

(

Nord-Pas-de-Calais Nord-Pas-de-Calais (; ; West Flemish: ''Nôord-Nauw van Kales'') was a former regions of France, administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it has been part of the new Regions of France, region Hauts-de-France. It consisted of the ...

), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders * Canut Vromant, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders * Auguste Pollet, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders * Abel Pollet, the "Pollet Band" (1909) – guillotined in Béthune (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), by Anatole Deibler, for a series of murders * Henri Landru (1922) – executed for serial murder *

Paul Gorguloff Paul Gorguloff, originally Pavel Timofeyevich Gorgulov (; June 29, 1895 – September 14, 1932), was a Russian émigré and assassin who shot and fatally wounded the French President Paul Doumer at a book fair at the Hôtel Salomon ...

(1932) – executed in Paris for the assassination of President

Paul Doumer Joseph Athanase Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer (; 22 March 18577 May 1932), was a French politician who served as the President of France from June 1931 until his assassination in May 1932. He is described as "the Father of French Indochin ...

* Eugen Weidmann (1939) – executed for murder; last public execution by guillotine in France *Jacques Fesch (1957) – executed in Paris for killing a policeman *Christian Ranucci (1976) – guillotined in Marseille for murder *Jérôme Carrein (1977) – guillotined in Douai for murder *Hamida Djandoubi (1977) – guillotined in Marseille for murder – last execution in France, last execution in the Western world to be carried out by beheading, and last execution by guillotine anywhere in the world *Hervé Cornara (2015) – murder linked to terrorism in Lyon by Yassin Salhi in the Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack *Murder of Samuel Paty, Samuel Paty (2020) – teacher decapitated after he was falsely accused of showing a ''Charlie Hebdo'' caricature of Muhammad during a lesson

Georgia

*Demetre II of Georgia, Demetre II (1289) – executed by the Mongol Arghun Khan for rebellion

Germany

Pre-20th century

*Priscillian (385) – beheaded for heresy at Trier (in the Roman Empire, Roman province of Gallia Belgica) *Johann Wittenborg (1363) – beheaded in Lübeck for dereliction of duty after naval defeat by Denmark *Klaus Störtebeker (1400) – beheaded in Hamburg for piracy against the Hanseatic League *Thomas Müntzer (1525) – beheaded in Mühlhausen after the Battle of Frankenhausen during the German Peasants' War *Ludwig Haetzer (1529) – executed in Konstanz for Anabaptism, Anabaptist radicalism (but technically for adultery) *Thomas von Imbroich (1558) – beheaded in Cologne for heresy *Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein (1635) – beheaded in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Austria, for treason after defecting to the Swedish Empire during the Thirty Years' War *Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch (1635) – beheaded in Regensburg for treason *Hans Hermann von Katte (1730) – beheaded in Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Küstrin, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Brandenburg, for helping Frederick the Great, Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia in an attempt to flee to Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain *Schinderhannes (1803) – guillotined in Mainz, under French First Republic, French occupation, for armed robbery and other crimes *Karl Ludwig Sand (1820) – beheaded in Mannheim, Duchy of Baden, Baden, for the murder of August von Kotzebue *Max Hödel (1878) – executed for attempting to assassinate Emperor Wilhelm I

Weimar Republic before 1933

* Rupert Fischer (1924) – murderer; first to be guillotined by Johann Reichhart who executed 3165 condemned *Fritz Haarmann (1925) – called the Butcher (or Vampire) of Hanover; guillotined in Hanover for murder *Peter Kürten (1931) – called the Vampire of Düsseldorf; guillotined in Cologne for murder

Nazi Germany

*Bruno Tesch (antifascist), Bruno Tesch (1933) – executed in Altona with three others after "Altona Bloody Sunday" *Marinus van der Lubbe (1934) – guillotined in Leipzig for starting the Reichstag fire *Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer (1935) – executed by axe in Berlin for espionage for Second Polish Republic, Poland *Edgar André (politician), Edgar Josef André (1936) – beheaded in Hamburg for treasonous involvement in the Reichstag Fire *Helmut Hirsch (1937) – executed in Berlin for treason *Lilo Herrmann (1938) – guillotined in Berlin for treason *Wilhelm Kusserow (1940) – Jehovah's Witness beheaded for refusing to serve in German military service *Maurice Bavaud (1941) – guillotined in Berlin for attempting to assassinate Hitler *Helmuth Hübener (1942) – guillotined in Berlin for treason *Ilse Stöbe (1942) – guillotined in Berlin for treason via Red Orchestra (espionage), Red Orchestra *Wolfgang Kusserow (1942) – Jehovah's Witness beheaded for refusing to serve in German military service *Franz Jägerstätter (1943) – guillotined in Berlin as a conscientious objector *Maria Restituta (1943) – guillotined for treason *Cato Bontjes van Beek (1943) – guillotined in Berlin for conspiracy to commit treason *Mildred Harnack (1943) – American born; guillotined in Berlin for anti-Nazi activity via Red Orchestra *Sophie Scholl (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Hans Scholl (1943) – brother of above – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Christoph Probst (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Willi Graf (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Alex Schmorell (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Kurt Huber (1943) – guillotined for treason via the White Rose resistance group *Otto and Elise Hampel (1943) – guillotined in Berlin for treason *Josefine Brunner (1943) - decapitated at Stadelheim Prison in Munich, for anti-Nazi activities *Musa Cälil (1944) – guillotined in Plötzensee Prison, Plötzensee Prison, Berlin, for anti-Nazi activities *Werner Seelenbinder (1944) – beheaded with an axe for being a communist *Friedrich Lorenz (1944) – beheaded at Halle (Saale), Halle an der Saale for assisting the enemy

Great Britain

*William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure (1716) – executed at Tower Hill as a Jacobitism, Jacobite Rebel *James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater (1716) – executed at Tower Hill as a Jacobite Rebel *Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerinoch (1746) – beheaded at Tower Hill as a Jacobite supporter of Charles Edward Stuart, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, he was taken prisoner at Battle of Culloden, Culloden *William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (1746) – beheaded at Tower Hill as a Jacobite supporter of Charles Edward Stuart, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, he was taken prisoner at Battle of Culloden, Culloden *Charles Radclyffe, titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater (1746) – executed at Tower Hill as a Jacobite Rebel *Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat (1747) – executed at Tower Hill as a prominent veteran Jacobite supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. Although too old to participate in the Jacobite rising of 1745, 1745 Rising, he was chosen by the British Crown for execution in lieu of his youthful son, who had actually led Clan Fraser for the Jacobite cause *Jeremiah Brandreth (1817) – hanged and beheaded in Derby for treason; followed by William Turner and Issac Ludlam, the last British executions in which death was caused by an axe *Arthur Thistlewood and the four other Cato Street Conspiracy, Cato Street Conspirators (1820) – hanged and beheaded outside Newgate Prison for treason. A surgical knife was used to remove the heads. *James Wilson (revolutionary), James Wilson, Andrew Hardie (radical), Andrew Hardie, and John Baird (revolutionary), John Baird (1820) were hanged and beheaded for treason for their involvement in the Radical War. A hatchet was used to perform the decapitation. These were the last three people to be hanged and beheaded in the United Kingdom. *Jolanta Bledaite (2008) – Lithuanian immigrant, tortured and killed in Scotland *Gerald Mellin (2008) – tied a rope around his neck and connected it to a tree before driving away in his sports car to commit suicide. *David Phyall (2008) – The 50-year-old last resident in a block of flats due to be demolished in Bishopstoke, near Southampton, England, decapitated himself with a chainsaw to highlight the injustice of being forced to move out of it. *David Cawthorne Haines (2014) – decapitated in the Syrian Desert, Syro-Arabian desert by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Hungary

*László Hunyadi (1457) – executed by Ladislaus V for plotting against him *Gurgen Margaryan (2004) – beheaded in his sleep by Azerbaijani Lieutenant Ramil Safarov during a NATO summit in Budapest. Safarov stated during both his interrogation and trial that he murdered Margaryan because he was of

descent. Safarov was later pardoned upon extradition by the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. *János Kádár (2007) – posthumously beheaded by grave desecrater(s).

India

* Hemchandra Vikramaditya, also known as Hemu (1556) – after being wounded by Army of the Mughal Empire, Mughal army in the Second Battle of Panipat, Hemu was beheaded by Bairam Khan, a commander-in-chief of the Mughal army *Guru Tegh Bahadur (1675) – ninth guru of Sikhs executed in Delhi by order of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb *Chhatrapati Sambhaji Raje (1689) - Second Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire executed in Vadhu on the orders of Mughal Badshah Aurangzeb for not converting to Islam and revealing the location of Royal exchequer. *John de Brito, Saint John de Brito (1693) – Portuguese Society of Jesus, Jesuit missionary executed in India for preaching Christianity *Raja Dahir (711/712) – executed on command of Muhammad bin Qasim after Dahir's Kingdom of Sindh was defeated *Mourya Sawant (1912) – last Ranes was beheaded by Portuguese. Mourya Sawant was Hindus, Hindu martyr who struggled against Portuguese and he also against forced conversion of the Goans to Christianity *Amarsinh Solanki (2008) – captain of the MV Kuber, a fishing trawler that was hijacked by Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorists three days before the 2008 Mumbai attacks began, four other fishermen named Ramesh Nagji Bamaniya, Baleant Prabhu, Mukesh Rathod and Natu Nanu were also killed and thrown overboard *2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes – two Indian Army soldiers, Lance Naik Hemraj and Lance Naik Sudhakar Singh were killed and their bodies were apparently found mutilated, with one decapitated by Pakistan Army soldiers

Indonesia

* Regreg War, Bhre Wirabhumi (1406) - son of Hayam Wuruk; beheaded by Bhra Narapati after trying to flee. * (1864) - leader of Banjarmasin War, executed by hanging and later his head was decapitated and brought to the Netherlands. * Theresia Morangke, Alfita Poliwo, and Yarni Sambue (2005) - Three Christian girls beheaded by militant Islamists in Poso.

Iraq

Ancient Mesopotamia

*Teumman, king of Elam (653 BC) – executed by the conquering Assyrian Ashubanipal at the Battle of Til-Tuba; his son Tammaritu was also beheaded

Umayyad era

* Imam Husayn ibn Ali and his 72 companions (680) – at the Battle of Karbala

Abbasid era

*Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani, was a Kharijite rebel leader. In 794, he launched a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, but was defeated, killed, and beheaded in 795. *Ja'far al-Barmaki (803) – Vizier executed on the orders Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). *Al-Amin, the sixth Abbasid Caliph (813) – beheaded on 27 September 813 during the conflict. *Al-Musta'in, the twelfth Abbasid caliph (866) – beheaded on the orders of his cousin al-Mu'tazz.

Modern

*Shosei Koda (2004) – Japanese citizen beheaded by terrorists *Kim Sun-il (2004) – South Korean citizen beheaded by terrorists *Kenneth Bigley (2004) – UK citizen beheaded by terrorists *Nick Berg (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists *Eugene Armstrong (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists *Jack Hensley (2004) – US citizen beheaded by terrorists *Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti (2007) – Saddam Hussein's half brother decapitated during hanging for crimes against humanity

Iceland

*Jon Arason (1550) – was the last Icelandic Roman Catholic bishop and poet, who was executed in his struggle against the imposition of the Protestant Reformation in Iceland.

Iran

*Buqa (1289) – Grand Vizier. Executed for treason.

Ireland

*Ascall mac Ragnaill (1171) – beheaded after capture when attempting to capture Dublin. *Tigernán Ua Ruairc (1172) – beheaded on Hill of Ward, Meath during a parlay with Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath. *Cornelius Grogan (1798) – hanged and beheaded in Wexford for taking part in the Irish rebellion of 1798 *John Henry Colclough (1798) – hanged and beheaded in Wexford for taking part in the Irish rebellion of 1798 *Bagenal Beauchamp Harvey (1798) – hanged and beheaded in Wexford for taking part in the Irish rebellion of 1798 *John Kelly of Killanne, John Kelly (1798) – hanged and beheaded in Wexford for taking part in the Irish rebellion of 1798 *John Murphy (priest) (1798) – hanged and beheaded in Tullow for taking part in the Irish rebellion of 1798

Israel

* Shimon ben Gamliel and Ishmael ben Elisha ha-Kohen (70) – two rabbis among the Ten Martyrs. *Bernard de Tremelay, Grand Masters of the Knights Templar, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (1153) – killed and beheaded at the Battle of Ascalon by Egyptians. *Raynald of Châtillon (1187) – executed by Saladin after the Battle of Hattin *Gerard de Ridefort, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (1189) – executed by Saladin at the Siege of Acre (1189–1191), Battle of Acre * 2,700 Muslim prisoners (1191) – beheaded on orders of Richard I of England after the Siege of Acre (1189–1191), Battle of Acre.

Italy

Ancient Rome

*Lucius Appuleius Saturninus (100 BC) – radical tribune of the plebs, tribune; Gaius Rabirius toyed with his severed head at a dinner party *Marcus Antonius (orator), Marcus Antonius (87 BC) – grandfather of Marc Antony *Marcus Marius Gratidianus (82 BC) – praetor whose head was paraded through Rome after execution *Gaius Marcius Censorinus (Marian) (82 BC) – beheaded by Sulla, his head was sent to Preneste to lower Gaius Marius the Younger's troop's morale *Marcus Licinius Crassus (53 BC) – general, politician and richest man then in the world – beheaded posthumously after his defeat in Parthia *Publius Licinius Crassus (son of triumvir), Publius Licinius Crassus (53 BC) – son of Marcus Licinius Crassus – beheaded posthumously in Parthia *Pompey the Great (48 BC) – general, politician and member of the First Triumvirate – assassinated and beheaded posthumously in Egypt *Gnaeus Pompeius (son of Pompey the Great), Gnaeus Pompeius (45 BC) – Pompey's son – executed for treason by Julius Caesar *Titus Labienus (45 BC) – general, politician and one of Julius Caesar's foremost subordinates – Killed and beheaded posthumously at the Battle of Munda *Gaius Trebonius (43 BC) – politician and general, tortured and beheaded by Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC), Publius Cornelius Dolabella; his head was kicked around like a football by Dolabella's soldiers *Cicero (43 BC) – politician, lawyer and Rome's greatest orator – executed by order of Marc Anthony *Marcus Antonius Antyllus (30 BC) – son of Marc Antony – executed by Octavian *Claudia Octavia (62) – first wife of Emperor Nero, by whom she was divorced, banished, and executed – beheaded posthumously *Galba (69) – assassinated Roman emperor *Pope Sixtus II (258) – Christian Martyr executed during the persecution of Christians ordered by Emperor Valerian (emperor), Valerian *Stilicho (408) – executed in coup d'état after Gothic invasion *Anthemius (472) – Emperor, assassinated by Ricimer

Medieval Italy

*Giordano d'Anglano (1267) – beheaded in Brolo, Sicily by Charles I of Naples, Charles of Anjou after the Battle of Tagliacozzo *Conradin, King of Sicily (1268) – executed in Naples by Charles I of Naples, Charles of Anjou *Frederick I of Baden, Margrave of Baden (1268) – executed in Naples by Charles I of Naples, Charles of Anjou *Fra' Moriale (1354) – beheaded in Rome *Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice (1355) – executed for a failed coup d'état *Albert Sterz (1366) – condottiero beheaded in Perugia for treachery *Giovanni da Barbiano (1399) – condottiero beheaded in Bologna

Later Italy

*Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio (1435) – beheaded in Bologna as a rebel *Gian Paolo Baglioni (1520) – beheaded in Rome for attempted assassination *Giovanni Carafa, Duke of Paliano (1561) – beheaded by order of Pope Pius IV *Pietro Carnesecchi (1567) – beheaded by the Christianity, Christian inquisition for heresy *Beatrice Cenci and Lucrezia Peroni (1599) – beheaded by sword in Rome for murder of Francesco Cenci *Ferrante Pallavicino (1644) – beheaded at Avignon for blasphemy by order of Pope Urban VIII *Felice Orsini (1858) – executed by Napoléon III for attempting to assassinate him

Japan

Home islands

*Ishida Mitsunari, daimyō and general (1600) – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara *Ankokuji Ekei, Buddhist monk and ally of Mitsunari (1600) – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara *Konishi Yukinaga (1600), ally of Mitsunari – beheaded in Kyoto after the Battle of Sekigahara *Asano Naganori, lord of the Forty-seven Ronin (1701) – ordered to commit seppuku (hara-kiri) followed by beheading *Kondo Isami, commander of the Shinsengumi (1868) – executed at Itabashi

Japanese-occupied territories (20th century)

*William Ellis Newton, VC (1943) – Royal Australian Air Force pilot beheaded in Papua New Guinea by Japanese forces *Leonard Siffleet (1943) – Australian WWII commando, captured by partisan tribesmen, tortured and beheaded in Papua New Guinea by Japanese soldiers *Stanley James Woodbridge (1945) – British Royal Air Force crewman captured and beheaded by Japanese forces in Yangon, Rangoon, Japanese occupation of Burma, Burma

Modern Japan

* Kenji Goto (2015) – journalist beheaded in Syria by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militants after the breakdown of negotiations for his release

Jordan

*Al-Walid II, Umayyad Caliphate, caliph (744) – killed and beheaded by his cousin Yazid III. Yazid had Walid's head hoisted "on a lance and paraded around Damascus".

Korea

* Columba Kim (1839) – beheaded for Christian religious convictions * Laurent-Marie-Joseph Imbert (1839) – beheaded in Saenamteo for being Christian *Kim Okgyun, Korean activist (1894) – assassinated and beheaded at sea by Hong Jong-u due to leading Gapsin Coup, Gapsin Revolution

Libya

*2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya, 21 Coptic Egyptians (2015) – On February 15, 2015, 20 kidnapped Copts, Coptic Egyptian Christians and a Ghana, Ghanaian laborer were beheaded by Islamic State in Libya, ISIS Militants on a beach in Tripolitania, Libya. One of ISIS's media wings, AlHayat Media Center, Al-Hayat Media Center released a five-minute video of the beheadings, titled "a message signed with blood to Christianity, the nation of the cross". *2015 Islamic State killing of Christian migrants in Libya, 30 Ethiopian Christians (2015) – On April 19, 2015, 30 kidnapped Christianity in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Christians in two groups were killed by ISIS. Half of them were beheaded on a beach in Cyrenaica and the other half in a desert in Fezzan, were fatally shot with Kalashnikov rifle, AKs, the Christian killed by the ISIS member giving the speech was shot with a pistol. One of ISIS's media wings, Al-Furqan Media released a thirty-minute propaganda video including the killings, titled "until there came to them clear evidence".

Morocco

*Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland, Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland (2018) – two tourists from Denmark and Norway were beheaded near the village of Imlil by a group of men who had pledged had allegiance to ISIS.

Netherlands/Belgium

*Wijerd Jelckama (1523) – executed in Leeuwarden for the Arumer Zwarte Hoop, Frisian rebellion *Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem (1568) – beheaded by the Governor, the Duke of Alba, at Vilvoorde for treason. *Jan van Casembroot (1568) – beheaded by the Governor, the Duke of Alba, at Vilvoorde for treason. *Lamoral, Count of Egmont (1568) – beheaded in Brussels for treason. *Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (1568) – beheaded in Brussels for treason *Balthasar Gérard (1584) – tortured and beheaded for assassinating William the Silent, Willem of Orange *Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1619) – executed in the Hague for Hollandic separatism by Prince Maurice *Emile Ferfaille (1918) – guillotined in Furnes for murder – last guillotine execution * Nabil Amzieb (2016) – beheaded in Amsterdam by a Moroccan gang for conflicts in underground drug-war

Norway

*Lisbeth Nypan#Witch trial, Ole Nypan (1670) – executed for witchcraft. *Anders Olson Lysne (1803) – executed for

. *Peter Westerstrøm (1809) – executed for mass murder. *Aslak Hætta (1854) – executed for murder. *Mons Somby (1854) – executed for murder. *Kristoffer Nilsen Svartbækken Grindalen (1876) – executed for murder and robbery, the last public execution in Norway.

Pakistan

*Arab Sind Province of Caliphate :Raja Dahir (712) – executed on command of Muhammad bin Qasim after Dahir's empire was defeated. *United Provinces of Agra and Oudh :Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1831) – Sufi mujahideen who was beheaded by the Indian army in the Battle of Balakot *Islamic Republic of Pakistan :Daniel Pearl (2002) – American journalist killed by al-Qaeda. :Piotr Stańczak (2009) – Polish engineer beheaded in Pakistan by Radical Islamic terrorists

Philippines

The following were all executed by ISIL-inspired terrorist group Abu Sayyaf. *Abu Sayyaf beheading incidents#List of incidents, Bernard Then (2015) – Malaysian man who was kidnapped from a restaurant in Sandakan, Malaysia, brought over to Parang, Sulu, and beheaded after ransom demands were not met *Robert Hall (Canadian businessman), Robert Hall (2016) – Canadian welder held for ransom, after the resort he was staying at was raided by Abu Sayyaf militants. They demanded 300 million Philippine peso, pesos (around $6.5 million) for his release, and when the demand was not met, Hall was beheaded nine months later in Patikul, Patikul, Sulu *John Ridsdel (2016) – Canadian businessman, also held for ransom at the same resort as Robert Hall. Ridsdel was beheaded on 25 April 2016, nine months after being held hostage *Jürgen Kantner (2017) – German sailor ambushed and held for ransom, while out sailing with his wife, who was shot and killed. Abu Sayyaf militants demanded 30 million pesos ($600,000), and when the demand was not met, Kantner was beheaded

Poland

* Kazimierz Łyszczyński (1689) – executed in Warsaw by Christians for being atheist *Rozalia Lubomirska (1794) – guillotined during French Revolution

Portugal

*Diogo de Meneses – Behead (or hanged) by orders of the Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, Duke of Alba during the War of the Portuguese Succession *Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Leonor de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora (1759) – Executed by high treason by orders of the Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, Marquis of Pombal during the Távora affair, Távora Affair

Russia

* Yuri II of Vladimir (1238) – beheaded after losing the Battle of the Sit River * Philipp Schall von Bell (1560) – executed in captivity by order of Ivan the Terrible. * Stenka Razin (1671) – quartered alive in Moscow for Cossack revolution * Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky (Tararui) (1682) – beheaded for involvement in the Moscow uprising of 1682 * Ivan Tsykler (1697) – quartered on charges of conspiracy against Peter the Great * Mary Hamilton (lady in waiting) (1719) – executed for infanticide and slandering Catherine I of Russia * Yemelyan Pugachev (1775) – quartered in Moscow for insurrection by Catherine II of Russia * Yevgeny Rodionov (1996) – beheaded by Chechen militants

Saudi Arabia

*Prince Faisal bin Musa'id (1975) – for the assassination of his uncle, Faisal of Saudi Arabia, King Faisal *Juhayman al-Otaybi (1980) – Saudi Arabian terrorist beheaded for committing the 1979 Grand Mosque seizure *Paul Marshall Johnson, Jr. (2004) – American engineer killed by Al-Qaeda on the Arabian Peninsula *Rizana Nafeek (2013) – Sri Lankan woman for homicide

Scotland

*Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox (1425) – executed by orders of James I of Scotland *Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, Lord Walter Stewart and Lord Alexander Sewart (1425) – executed by orders of James I of Scotland *Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany (1425) – executed by order of James I of Scotland *Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (1437) – executed for his part in the murder of James I of Scotland *William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas (1440) – executed at Edinburgh Castle on trumped-up charges in front of James II of Scotland *Lord David Douglas (1440) – executed at Edinburgh Castle on trumped-up charges in front of James II of Scotland *Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde (1455) – executed on the orders of James II of Scotland *John Douglas, Lord of Balvenie (1463) – executed on the orders of James III of Scotland *James Hamilton of Finnart, Sir James Hamilton of Finnart – Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland (1540) – executed by order of James V of Scotland *James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (1581) – executed on the Maiden (beheading), Scottish maiden for complicity in murder of Lord Darnley *William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie (1584) – executed by order of James VI of Scotland *John Maxwell, 9th Lord Maxwell (1613) – beheaded in Edinburgh for carrying out a revenge killing *Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney (1615) – executed by order of James VI of Scotland *Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo (1644) – executed on the Maiden (beheading), Scottish maiden by the Covenanters for treason as a Royalist *Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll (1661) – executed by order of Charles II of Scotland on the Maiden (beheading), Scottish maiden for treason *Mrs Hamilton (1679) – beheaded for the murder of James Baillie, 2nd Lord Forrester *Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (1685) – son of above; executed by order of James VII of Scotland on the Maiden (beheading), Scottish maiden for treason *Godfrey McCulloch (1697) – executed on the Maiden (beheading), Scottish maiden for murder; last man to be executed by the maiden

Serbia

*Prince Lazar of Serbia, Lazar Hrebeljanović (1389) – executed during the Battle of Kosovo by order of Bayezid I. *Miloš Obilić (1389) – probably decapitated by order of Bayezid I after assassinating Murad I. *Aleksa Nenadović (1804) – executed in Valjevo during the Slaughter of the Knezes. *Ilija Birčanin (1804) – executed in Valjevo during the Slaughter of the Knezes. *Karađorđe (1817) – Assassinated by order of his groomsman, Miloš Obrenović. The cause of death itself was a substantial chest injuries caused by an axe, however, his body was immediately decapitated.

Spain

* Eulogius of Cordova (859) – executed by Muslim rulers of Emirate of Córdoba, Córdoba for blasphemy * Lope Fortuñónez de Albero (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason:es:Campana de Huesca, La Campana de Huesca, La * Fortún Galíndez de Huesca (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Martín Galíndez de Ayerbe (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Bertrán de Ejea (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Miguel de Rada de Perarrúa (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Íñigo López de Naval (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Cecodín de Ruesta (1135) – executed by King of Aragon, Ramiro II, for treason * Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada, Muhammed VI (1362) – beheaded by Peter of Castile, Peter I of Castille with restored Muhammad V of Granada, Muhammad V as Sultan of Granada. * Juan Bravo (1521) – executed in Villalar de los Comuneros, Valladolid * Juan de Padilla (1521) – executed in Villalar de los Comuneros, Valladolid * Francisco Maldonado (1521) – executed in Villalar de los Comuneros, Valladolid * Antonio Osorio de Acuña (1526) – executed in Simancas for supporting the Revolt of the Comuneros, Comunero Revolt * Juan de Lanuza y Urrea (1591) – "Justicia de Aragón", beheaded by personal order of Philip II of Spain, Felipe II on 20 December 1591, 89 days after swearing in his appointment. * Rodrigo Calderon (1621) – executed in Madrid * Eduardo Montori Sanz (1996) – beheaded in Ejea de los Caballeros * Jennifer Mills-Westley (2011) – beheaded in a supermarket in Los Cristianos, Tenerife.

Sri Lanka

* Puviraja Pandaram (1591) – Hindu king who was beheaded by Portuguese. Portuguese, led by André Furtado as commander, mounted a military campaign against the Jaffna kingdom from Mannar and succeed for conquer Jaffna kingdom. * Keppetipola Disawe (1818) – beheaded by British Ceylon in Kandy, Sri Lanka for fighting for independence.

Sweden

* (1520) – Bishop of Strängnäs; first of about 100 to be executed by Danes in the Stockholm Bloodbath * (1520) – Bishop of Skara; executed by Danes in the Stockholm Bloodbath * (1520) – Swedish nobleman; one of 15 noblemen executed by Danes in the Stockholm Bloodbath * Grigory Kotoshikhin (1667) – Russian defected diplomat; executed in Stockholm for the murder of a homeowner under the influence of alcohol. * Anna Zippel (1676) – executed in Stockholm for witchcraft * Brita Zippel (1676) – sister of above; executed in Stockholm for witchcraft * Gävle Boy, Johan Johansson Griis (1676) – witness in the trial against the above sisters; executed for perjury * Anna Eriksdotter (1704) – beheaded for sorcery. * Jacob Johan Anckarström (1792) – executed for assassination of Gustav III * Metta Fock (1810) – executed for murder of her husband and children * Anna Månsdotter (1890) – executed by axe for murder; last woman executed in Sweden * John Filip Nordlund (1900) – executed by axe in Västerås for mass murder * Johan Alfred Ander (1910) – executed by guillotine in Stockholm for murder; last Swedish execution

Syria

*James Foley (journalist), James Foley (2014) – American journalist beheaded in Raqqa, Syria by the Islamic State, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, specifically Jihadi John, Mohammed Emwazi, in retaliation for International military intervention against the Islamic State, American airstrikes in Iraq. His execution was filmed, in a beheading video titled "A Message to America". *Steven Sotloff (2014) – beheaded in the Syro-Arabian desert by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, one month after the beheading of James Foley. His execution was filmed, and released with the title "A Second Message to America". *Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement#2016 beheading incident, Abdullah Tayseer Al Issa (2016) – Syrian soldier beheaded by members of the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. *Wagner Group activities in Syria#Killing of Muhammad Abdullah al-Ismail, Muhammad Abdullah al-Ismail (2017) – Syrian deserter who was bludgeoned to death and beheaded by

mercenaries.

Switzerland

*w:de:Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg, Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg and 61 companions (1444) – executed following the siege of Greifensee, Zurich, Greifensee during the Old Zürich War *Anna Göldi (1782) – executed as the "last witch in Switzerland"

Turkey

Byzantine era

* Saint Blaise (316) * Phocas (610) – Emperor overthrown and beheaded by Heraclius * Leontios (706) * Tiberius III (706) * Justinian II (711)

Ottoman era

*Bajo Pivljanin (1685) – Serb hajduk in Venetian service, beheaded and head sent to Mehmed IV, Sultan Mehmed IV *Abdullah bin Saud (1818) – last ruler of the Emirate of Diriyah, First Saudi State and was beheaded by the Ottomans *Ali Pasha of Yanina (1822) – shot and beheaded by order of Mahmud II, Sultan Mahmud II

Republic era

* Killings of Ayşenur Halil and İkbal Uzuner (2024)

Ukraine

* Oleksandr Sergov, Chernihiv murders (2010) – two elderly women and an elderly man were beheaded with a shovel by a Neo-Nazi. * Trofimov Beheadings, Trofimov family (2012) – the family of a judge in Kharkiv were beheaded in their home. * 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading, Serhiy Andriyovych Potoki (2022) – Ukraine, Ukrainian soldier beheaded on video by Russian soldiers.

United States

*Henry Laurens (1792) – decapitated posthumously in accordance with his wishes and then burned on a funeral pyre by his son and slaves. *Isaac N. Ebey (1857) – Washington state pioneer murdered by Haida people, Haida Indians. *Murder of Pearl Bryan, Pearl Bryan (1896) – murdered in Fort Thomas, Kentucky, Fort Thomas, Kentucky. *Captain Harry Miller (1936) – beheaded after murder near New Trenton, Indiana, "Head and Hands" murder. *Sixteen victims of Jeffrey Dahmer (1978–1991). *Murder of Adam Walsh, Adam Walsh (1981) — abducted from a Sears department store at the Hollywood Mall in Hollywood, Florida and his head was found in a drainage canal two weeks after he was murdered. *Christa Hoyt (1990) – decapitated by serial killer Danny Rolling. *Frank Griga and Krisztina Furton (1995) – decapitated and dismembered by Daniel Lugo and Adrian Doorbal members of the infamous Sun Gym gang in Miami. *Robert Lees (2004) – decapitated by murderer *Murder of Yang Xin, Yang Xin (2009) – decapitated at Virginia Tech by Zhu Haiyang. *Aasiya Zubair (2009) – decapitated in New York (state), New York by murderer/husband Muzzammil Hassan. *Hanny Tawadros and Amgad Konds (2013) – decapitated posthumously, allegedly by murderer Yusef Ibrahim. *Vaughan Foods beheading incident, Colleen Hufford (2014) – 54-year-old woman was decapitated in Oklahoma by a 30-year-old pro-Jihad, Islamist, Jah'Keem Yisrael, formerly Alton Alexander Nolen. *Lee Manuel Viloria-Paulino (2016) – missing youth who was found to have been decapitated by a classmate. *Luis Romero (2019) – decapitated by his cellmate, Jamie Osuna, at California State Prison, Corcoran, Corcoran State Prison in California. *Jennifer Schlecht (2019) – decapitated by her husband Yonathan Tedla in their Harlem flat, he then killed their daughter and hanged himself on a fan. Tedla had put Jennifer Schlecht's head in her own lap. *Cecilia Gibson (2020) – 79-year-old Cecilia Gibson, step-grandmother of her killer, Kenny W. McBride, 45, was bludgeoned in head while in house, then McBride decapitated and placed Ms. Gibson's head in their backyard. Kenny W. McBride was arrested at time of reporting after body was dead for two days. McBride's father had married and his new wife's mother, Cecilia Gibson, all lived in the same residence in Bedford, Michigan where the crime occurred. *Killing of America Thayer, America Thayer (2021) – Beheaded with a machete after an argument with her boyfriend. *Murder of Shad Thyrion, Shad Thyrion (2022) – Shad Thyrion's mother found his severed head in a bucket in the basement of their home in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Taylor Schabusiness, who had a sexual relationship with Thyrion, beheaded him after killing him. *Karina Castro (2022) – Rafa Solano decapitated Castro, his ex-girlfriend, on a street with a samurai sword in San Carlos, California.

Vietnam

* Vicente Liem de la Paz (1773) – beheaded in Tonkin as Christian martyr * Pierre Dumoulin-Borie (1838) – beheaded in Tonkin as Christian martyr * Bernard Võ Văn Duệ (1838) – beheaded in Korea as Christian martyr * Andrew Dũng-Lạc (1839) – beheaded in Korea as Christian martyr * Augustin Schoeffler (1851) – beheaded in Tonkin as Christian martyr * Jean-Louis Bonnard (1852) – beheaded in Korea as Christian martyr * Michael Hồ Đình Hy (1857) – beheaded in Korea as Christian martyr * Théophane Vénard (1861) – beheaded in Tonkin as Christian martyr * Ba Cụt (Lê Quang Vinh) (1956) – guillotined in Cần Thơ for insurrection and multiple murder

Wales

*Gwenllian ferch Gruffudd (February 1136) – executed by the Anglo-Norman forces led by Maurice de Londres at Kidwelly Castle, Kidwelly Castle, Wales, after a failed uprising *Llewelyn ap Gruffydd (1282) – beheaded posthumously after his death in battle at Aberedw *Gruffudd Vychan, Sir Gruffudd Vychan (1447) – executed at Powis Castle by Henry Grey, 2nd Earl of Tankerville, Lord Powis for unclear reasons *Sir Roger Vaughan (1471) – beheaded at Chepstow by Jasper Tudor, Earl of Bedford for being a House of York, Yorkist

Religious figures

The Bible

Hebrew Bible/Old Testament

*Goliath – after he was killed by David, this example illustrates the aforementioned post-mortem decapitation *Saul – after he fell on his sword at the Battle of Mount Gilboa (); the Philistines cut off his head and fastened his body to the wall of Beth-shan. **Sheba son of Bichri – killed by the people of Abel-beth-maachah to stop the soldiers of David pursuing him from destroying the city *Ish-bosheth – killed by Baanah and Rekab in his bed after they entered his house under the pretext of borrowing wheat.

Apocrypha

*Holofernes – in the deuterocanonical books, deuterocanonical ''Book of Judith''

New Testament

*John the Baptist (c. 30 AD) – in the Gospels by order of Herod Antipas *Theudas (c. 46 AD) – Jewish rebel mentioned in the Book of Acts; severed head displayed in Jerusalem

Catholic saints

*Acisclus, Saint Acisclus – according to local tradition *Agapitus of Palestrina, Saint Agapitus – according to legend *Agnes of Rome, Saint Agnes – according to legend mentioned by the fourth century Saint Ambrose *Saint Alban (around 304) – executed in Roman Britain for converting to Christianity, according to tradition *Saint Andrew Kim (1846) – beheaded in Korea for being Christian *Ansanus, Saint Ansanus – according to legend *Anthimus of Rome, Saint Anthimus of Rome – according to legend *Saint Barbara – according to legend *Saint Catherine of Alexandria – according to tradition *Saint Christopher – according to legend *Columba of Spain, Saint Columba of Spain – according to local tradition *Columba of Sens, Saint Columba of France – according to legend *Columba the Virgin, Saint Columba (the Virgin) of Cornwall, England – according to legend *Saints Cosmas and Damian (c.287) – executed in purge of Christians in Syria, according to tradition *Cyprian, Saint Cyprian (258) – Bishop of Carthage, North Africa – Christian Martyr executed in the persecution ordered by Emperor Valerian (emperor), Valerian *Saint Denis of Paris, Saint Denis – according to legend, which states that he carried his head to his final resting place, a familiar hagiographical Trope (literature), trope (see Cephalophore) *Saint Diomedes – according to legend *Dorothea of Alexandria, Saint Dorothea of Alexandria – according to legend *Saint Dymphna – according to tradition *Emmeram of Regensburg, Saint Emmeram – according to legend *Eurosia, Saint Eurosia – according to tradition *Felicitas of Rome, Saint Felicitas of Rome – according to legend *Nabor and Felix, Saints Felix and Nabor – according to tradition *Firmus and Rusticus, Saints Firmus and Rusticus – according to tradition *Saint George – according to legend *Gereon, Saint Gereon – according to legend *Saint Gordianus – according to tradition *James, son of Zebedee, Saint James – according to the Acts of the Apostles *Marcellus of Tangier, Saint Marcellus – according to tradition *Maximilian of Tebessa, Saint Maximilian of Tebessa (295) – executed by Romans for conscientious objection to military service, according to tradition *Nicasius of Rheims, Saint Nicasius of Rheims, at Reims, Rheims (407) – executed by Vandals during conquest of Reims, Rheims, according to tradition *Pancras of Rome, Saint Pancras – according to legend *Saint Paul, Apostle Paul – traditionallyThe Apostle Saul (Paul)
at BiblePath.com *Peter of Rates, Saint Peter of Rates – according to tradition *Polyeuctus, Saint Polyeuctus – according to tradition *Quiteria, Saint Quiteria – according to legend *Rufina and Secunda, Saints Rufina and Secunda – according to legend *Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrix, Saints Simplicius and Faustinus – according to legend *Solange (saint), Saint Solange – according to legend *Typasius, Saint Typasius – according to legend *Urith, Saint Urith of Chittlehampton, Devon, England – according to legend *Venantius of Camerino, Saint Venantius, at Camerino – according to tradition *Winefride, Saint Winefride of Flintshire in Wales – according to legend *Demiana, Saint Demiana – according to tradition

Greek mythology

*Medusa – a Gorgon beheaded by Perseus *Argus Panoptes – beheaded by Mercury (mythology), Mercury in order to rescue Io (mythology), Io

Sikh

* Guru Tegh Bahadur (1675) – for refusing to convert to Islam * Baba Deep Singh (1757) – in the Battle of Amritsar (1757), Battle of Amritsar * Sikh holocaust of 1746 (Chhotaa Ghallooghaaraa), 1000 Sikhs (1746) – executed by Zakariya Khan Bahadur in Lahore * 2010 Sikh beheadings by the Taliban

Hindu

*Karna – in the epic war of Mahabharata *Drona – in the epic war of Mahabharata *Rakthabeeja – by goddess Kali to eradicate the evil from the earth *Jayadratha – in the epic war of Mahabharata

Fictional characters

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:People Who Were Beheaded Deaths by decapitation, * Lists of people by cause of death, beheaded