This is a list of people associated with

Bletchley Park Bletchley Park is an English country house and Bletchley Park estate, estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allies of World War II, Allied World War II cryptography, code-breaking during the S ...

, the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War, notable either for their achievements there or elsewhere. Work at or for Bletchley Park is given first, followed by achievements elsewhere in parentheses. * Sir

Frank Ezra Adcock Sir Frank Ezra Adcock, (15 April 1886 – 22 February 1968) was a British classical historian who was Professor of Ancient History at the University of Cambridge between 1925 and 1951. In addition to his academic work, he also served as a c ...

(

Professor of Ancient History, Cambridge University Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors ...

) *

Alexander Aitken Alexander Craig "Alec" Aitken (1 April 1895 – 3 November 1967) was one of New Zealand's most eminent mathematicians. In a 1935 paper he introduced the concept of generalized least squares, along with now standard vector/matrix notation ...

James Macrae Aitken James Macrae Aitken (27 October 1908 – 3 December 1983) was a Scottish chess player. Aitken was born in Calderbank, Lanarkshire, Scotland. In 1938 he received a PhD from Edinburgh University on the topic of 'The Trial of George Buchanan Before ...

, worked in

Hut 6 Hut 6 was a wartime section of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, Britain, tasked with the solution of German Army and Air Force Enigma machine cyphers. Hut 8, by contrast, attacked Naval Enigma. Hut 6 w ...

(Scottish chess champion) * Hugh Alexander, member of Hut 6 February 1940–March 1941, later head of Hut 8 (head of the cryptanalysis division at GCHQ; British Chess Champion 1938 and 1956) * Maurice Allen, at the

Wireless Experimental Centre The Wireless Experimental Centre (WEC) was one of two overseas outposts of Station X, Bletchley Park, the British signals analysis centre during World War II. The other outpost was the Far East Combined Bureau. Codebreakers Wilfred Noyce and Mauri ...

, Delhi; an Oxford don. *

Michael Arbuthnot Ashcroft Michael Arbuthnot Ashcroft (1920–1949) was a code breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War, working in Hut 8 under Alan Turing. Early life Ashcroft was born in 1920 to parents of German descent. He was the fourth child of Frederick ...

(codebreaker) * Stanley Armitage *

Pamela Ascherson Pamela Ascherson, later Pamela Rachet (3 March 1923 – 22 June 2010) was a British sculptor, painter and illustrator. Biography Ascherson was born in London and attended Roedean School in Brighton. In 1939 she took painting lessons from Laura ...

bombe The bombe () was an Electromechanics, electro-mechanical device used by British cryptologists to help decipher German Enigma machine, Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II. The United States Navy, US Navy and United Sta ...

operator (artist) * Arthur Oliver Lonsdale Atkin (mathematician) * John H. A. Atkins (translator of Japanese, later Head of Modern Languages at Nottingham Trent University) * Joyce Aylard, bombe operator at Eastcote, reassigned to Bletchley Park after

VE day Victory in Europe Day is the day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces on Tuesday, 8 May 1945; it marked the official surrender of all German military operations ...

* Dennis Babbage, chief cryptanalyst in

(mathematician) * Stephen Michael Alvin Banister, Codebreaker in Hut 6 and inventor of the 'BLISTS' or 'Banister Lists' - a register of Enigma messages showing special indicators to facilitate detection of certain items and identify crib messages. (Under Secretary at the Dept of the Environment) * Rachel Joan Banister (née Rawlence), Codebreaker Hut 6 *

Sarah Baring Sarah Kathleen Elinor Baring (''née'' Norton; 20 January 1920 – 4 February 2013) was an English socialite and memoirist, who worked for three years as a linguist at Bletchley Park, the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Seco ...

, linguist in Hut 4 (socialite and memoirist) *

Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington Jean Alys Barker, Baroness Trumpington, (; 23 October 192226 November 2018) was a British Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician and life peer. In the 1960s and 1970s she served in local government in Cambridgeshire. In 1980 she was ...

née Jean Alys Campbell-Harris * J. W. B. Barns, worked in Hut 4, Hut 5 and Block A (Professor of Egyptology, Oxford University) *

Geoffrey Barraclough Geoffrey Barraclough (10 May 1908 – 26 December 1984) was an English historian, known as a medievalist and historian of Germany. Biography He was educated at Bootham School (1921–1924) in York and at Bradford Grammar School (1924–1925 ...

(

Chichele Professor of Modern History The Chichele Professorships are statutory professorships at the University of Oxford named in honour of Henry Chichele (also spelt Chicheley or Checheley, although the spelling of the academic position is consistently "Chichele"), an Archbishop of ...

University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate university, collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the List of oldest un ...

) *

Keith Batey Keith Batey (4 July 1919 – 28 August 2010) was a codebreaker who, with his wife, Mavis Batey (5 May 1921 – 12 November 2013), worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War II. Education Keith Batey was at Carlisle Gr ...

Mavis Batey Mavis Lilian Batey, MBE (née Lever; 5 May 1921 – 12 November 2013), was a British code-breaker during World War II. She was one of the leading female codebreakers at Bletchley Park. She later became a historian of gardening, who campaign ...

née Lever, cryptologist (garden and landscape historian, author, former President of the

Garden History Society The Gardens Trust (formerly the Garden History Society) is a national membership organisation in the United Kingdom established to study the history of gardening and to protect historic gardens. It is a registered charity with headquarters in Lo ...

) * Rodney Bax, an Intelligence Corps captain in the Fusion Room,

Hut 3 Hut 3 was a section of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park during World War II. It retained the name for its functions when it moved into Block D. It produced military intelligence codenamed Ultra from the decrypts of Eni ...

. *

Peter Benenson Peter Benenson (born Peter James Henry Solomon; 31 July 1921 – 25 February 2005) was a British barrister, human rights activist and the founder of the human rights group Amnesty International (AI); a global movement of more than 10 million pe ...

, worked in the "

Testery The Testery was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. It was set up in July 1942 as the "FISH Subsection" under Major Ralph Tester, hence its alternative name. Four founder members were Tester himself ...

" (founder of

Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says that it has more than ten million members a ...

) * Ralph Bennett, intelligence officer in Hut 3 (Professor of History at

Magdalene College, Cambridge Magdalene College ( ) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel, in time coming to be known as Buckingham College, before being refounded in 1542 as the College of St Mary ...

and president 1979-82) *

Osla Benning Margaret Osla, Lady Henniker-Major (''née'' Benning; 23 August 1921 – 29 October 1974) was a Canadian debutante, who worked at Bletchley Park, was Prince Philip's first girlfriend, and later married Sir John Henniker-Major (who became the 8t ...

, linguist Hut 4 * Francis (Frank) Birch, Head of German Naval Section * Judith Irene Bloomfield (worked in Bletchley Park Mansion and Hut 8. Also the Foreign Office intelligence unit in Berkeley Street, London) * T. S. R. Boase (art historian) *

Arthur Bonsall Sir Arthur Wilfred "Bill" Bonsall (25 June 1917 – 26 November 2014) was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ—a post he held from 1973 to 1978. Early life Bonsall was born in Middlesbrough on 25 June 1917, the eldest s ...

(Director of GCHQ) * Elsie Booker, Wren, in photo with Dorothy Du Boisson * Ruth Bourne (née Henry), Bombe operator (in 2012 she was a volunteer guide at BPHollingshead, Iain (4 September 2012))
What happened to the women of Bletchley Park?
The Telegraph, Retrieved 28 July 2013 * Edward Boyle, intelligence (Conservative politician) * Captain A. R. Bradshaw, senior naval officer at BP and in overall charge of administration of BP *

Charles Brasch Charles Orwell Brasch (27 July 1909 – 20 May 1973) was a New Zealand poet, literary editor and arts patron. He was the founding editor of the literary journal ''Landfall'', and through his 20 years of editing the journal, had a significant i ...

: Italian section, in Elmers School building and London. New Zealand poet. * Hilary Brett or Brett-Smith, from

Somerville College, Oxford Somerville College is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 as Somerville Hall, one of its first two women's colleges. It began admitting men in 1994. The colle ...

, cryptologist,

Hut 8 Hut 8 was a section in the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the British World War II codebreaking station, located in Buckinghamshire) tasked with solving German naval (Kriegsmarine) Enigma messages. The section ...

(Lady Hinsley) * Lord

Asa Briggs Asa Briggs, Baron Briggs (7 May 1921 – 15 March 2016) was an English historian. He was a leading specialist on the Victorian era, and the foremost historian of broadcasting in Britain. Briggs achieved international recognition during his lon ...

, member of the Watch in

(historian) * Jean Briggs Watters, English cryptanalyst *

Christine Brooke-Rose Christine Brooke-Rose (16 January 1923 – 21 March 2012) was a British writer and literary critic, known principally for her experimental novels.Somerville College, Oxford Somerville College is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 as Somerville Hall, one of its first two women's colleges. It began admitting men in 1994. The colle ...

* Tommy Brown, 16-year-old NAAFI canteen assistant who was awarded the

George Medal The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI,''British Gallantry Medals'' (Abbott and Tamplin), p. 138 is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry, typically ...

for risking his life in helping Francis Fasson and

Colin Grazier Colin Grazier, George Cross, GC (7 May 1920 – 30 October 1942) was a sailor in the Royal Navy who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for the "outstanding bravery and steadfast devotion to duty in the face of danger" which he displayed on ...

in recovering 'short signal' codebooks which provided a breakthrough in cryptanalysis of the German Naval Enigma from the sinking * Alan Bruce *

William Bundy William Putnam Bundy (September 24, 1917 – October 6, 2000) was an American attorney and analyst with the CIA. Bundy served as a foreign affairs advisor to both presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He had key roles in planni ...

, US

Army Signal Corps The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It was established in 1860 by ...

(member of the

CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...

and foreign affairs advisor to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson) *

James Ramsay Montagu Butler Sir James Ramsay Montagu Butler, (20 July 1889 – 1 March 1975) was a British politician and academic. He was a member of parliament for Cambridge University from 1922 to 1923. He was Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Ca ...

(politician and historian) * Elizabeth Byng *

John Cairncross John Cairncross (25 July 1913 – 8 October 1995) was a British civil servant who became an intelligence officer and spy during the Second World War. As a Soviet double agent, he passed to the Soviet Union the raw Tunny decryptions that may h ...

, Soviet spy *

Peter Calvocoressi Peter John Ambrose Calvocoressi (17 November 1912 – 5 February 2010) was a British lawyer, Liberal politician, historian, and publisher. He served as an intelligence officer at Bletchley Park during World War II. Early years Calvocoressi ...

, intelligence officer (RAF) *

J. W. S. Cassels John William Scott "Ian" Cassels, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (11 July 1922 – 27 July 2015) was a British mathematician. Biography Cassels was educated at Neville's Cross Council School in Durham, England, Durham and George Heriot's ...

John Chadwick John Chadwick, (21 May 1920 – 24 November 1998) was an English linguist and classical scholar who was most notable for the decipherment, with Michael Ventris, of Linear B. Early life, education and wartime service John Chadwick was born at ...

* Caroline Chojecki, intelligence database analyst ( Soviet Studies Research Centre, Sandhurst database analyst) * John Christie, codebreaker *

Joan Clarke Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (''née'' Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist who worked as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Although she did not personally ...

(later Murray), mathematician (briefly engaged to Alan Turing)McKay, Sinclair (2010) "The Secret Life of Bletchley Park", Aurum Press Ltd., * William Clarke, Head of Naval Section, then of Italian Naval subsection * Tom Colvill, general Manager of the

* Arthur Cooper, British Foreign Office linguist (Chinese and Japanese),

FECB The Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British Government Code and Cypher School, was set up in Hong Kong in March 1935, to monitor Japanese, and also Chinese and Russian (Soviet) intelligence and radio traffic. Later it moved to Sing ...

then

FRUMEL Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL) was a United States–Australian–British signals intelligence unit, founded in Melbourne, Australia, during World War II. It was one of two major Allied signals intelligence units called Fleet Radio Units in ...

* Josh Cooper, cryptographer * Margaret Cooper (née Douglas) * Michael Crum, worked on the

Siemens and Halske T52 The Siemens & Halske T52, also known as the Geheimschreiber ("secret teleprinter"), or ''Schlüsselfernschreibmaschine'' (SFM), was a World War II German cipher machine and teleprinter produced by the electrical engineering firm Siemens & Halske. ...

teleprinter cipher, codenamed "STURGEON" *

Alec Naylor Dakin Alec Naylor Dakin (3 April 1912 – 14 June 2003) was a Fellow of University College, Oxford, a cryptologist at Bletchley Park, an Egyptologist and schoolmaster. Early life and family Alec Dakin was born in Mytholmroyd in the West Riding of ...

(cryptographer) worked in

hut 4 Hut 4 was a wartime section of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park tasked with the translation, interpretation and distribution of ''Kriegsmarine'' (German navy) messages deciphered by Hut 8. The messages were largely encryp ...

decrypted premature message about death of

Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

during German assassination attempt *

Patricia Davies (codebreaker) Patricia Davies (née Owtram; born 19 June 1923) is an English former codebreaker who served as a special duties linguist in the Women’s Royal Naval Service during World War II. She and her younger sister Jean Argles are often referred to as ...

, special duties linguist in the Women’s Royal Naval Service * Dorrit Dekk, Czechoslovakian emigrant designer who joined the

Wrens Wrens are a family (biology), family, Troglodytidae, of small brown passerine birds. The family includes 96 species and is divided into 19 genus, genera. All species are restricted to the New World except for the Eurasian wren that is widely di ...

and worked as a 'listener' during the war * Alexander "Alistair" Denniston, Deputy Director of GC&CS * Nakdimon ("Naky") Doniach, RAF, linguist (later

GCHQ Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (IA) to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom. Primar ...

and

Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

) * Dorothy Du Boisson, operator of the

Colossus computer Colossus was a set of computers developed by British cryptanalysis, codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used vacuum tube, thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean algebra ...

* Peter Edgerley, codebreaker * Peter Ericsson,

shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker * Margaret "Peggy" Erskine-Tulloch née Seton, one of the first

at Bletchley Park, was a

Bombe The bombe () was an Electromechanics, electro-mechanical device used by British cryptologists to help decipher German Enigma machine, Enigma-machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II. The United States Navy, US Navy and United Sta ...

operator, instructor and watch officer *

John Davies Evans John Davies Evans (22 January 1925 – 4 July 2011) was an English archaeologist and academic known for his research into the prehistory of the Mediterranean, and especially the prehistoric cultures of Malta. He was a Director of the Institute ...

Francis Anthony Blair Fasson Lieutenant (navy), Lieutenant Francis Anthony Blair Fasson, (17 July 1913 – 30 October 1942), known as Tony Fasson, was a Royal Navy officer. He was posthumously awarded the George Cross "for outstanding bravery and steadfast devotion to duty ...

, Lieutenant RN was posthumously awarded the

George Cross The George Cross (GC) is the highest award bestowed by the British government for non-operational Courage, gallantry or gallantry not in the presence of an enemy. In the British honours system, the George Cross, since its introduction in 1940, ...

for the "outstanding bravery and steadfast devotion to duty in the face of danger" that he displayed on 30 October 1942 in boarding, with Able Seaman

, the sinking

U-boat U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...

''U-559'' and recovering 'short signal' codebooks which provided a breakthrough in Cryptanalysis of the German Naval Enigma but losing his life in the process *

Jane Fawcett Jane Fawcett MBE (née Hughes; 4 March 1921 – 21 May 2016) was a British codebreaker, singer, and heritage preservationist. She recently became known for her role in decoding a message, which led to the sinking of the German battleship ...

, was credited with identifying the message that led to the sinking of the battleship '' Bismarck'', a great Allied naval victory * Harry Fensom, the creator of the British Tunny machine which was used in decoding messages in the Lorenz Cipher * Michael Field, foreign correspondent for the Daily Telegraph for thirty years, living in South America, Southeast Asia and France * Harold Fletcher;

, involved in Bombe administration from August 1941 *

Tommy Flowers Thomas Harold Flowers Order of the British Empire, MBE (22 December 1905 – 28 October 1998) was an English engineer with the British General Post Office. During World War II, Flowers designed and built Colossus computer, Colossus, the world's ...

, post office engineer and designer of the

Leonard Forster Leonard Wilson Forster (30 March 1913 – 18 April 1997) was an English linguist and academic. He was successively Professor of German at University College London, and Schröder Professor of German at the University of Cambridge. Life and ...

Hugh Foss Hugh Rose Foss (13 May 1902 – 23 December 1971) was a British cryptanalyst. At Bletchley Park during World War II he made significant contributions both to the breaking of the German Enigma code and headed the section tasked with breaking Japa ...

, cryptographer, head of the Japanese Naval Section (Hut 7) from 1942 to 1943 * ''Freddy'' (Frederick) Freeborn, ran the Tabulating (index) Section in Block C (formerly

Hut 7 Hut 7 was a wartime section of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park tasked with the solution of Japanese naval codes such as JN4, JN11, JN40, and JN-25. The hut was headed by Hugh Foss who reported to Frank Birch, the head o ...

; former head of BTM's Letchworth factory. *

Alfred Friendly Alfred Friendly (December 30, 1911 – November 7, 1983) was an American journalist, editor and writer for ''The Washington Post''. He began his career as a reporter with the ''Post'' in 1939 and became Managing Editor in 1955. In 1967 he covere ...

US Army Air Force The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

(editor of the ''

Washington Post ''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington m ...

'') * Valerie Glassborow, grandmother of Kate Middleton, Princess of Wales, worked in Hut 16 along with her twin sister 2* Joshua David Goldberg, Japanese codebreaker, solicitor *

Harry Golombek Harold "Harry" Golombek OBE (1 March 1911 – 7 January 1995) was a British chess player, chess author, and wartime codebreaker. He was three times British chess champion, in 1947, 1949, and 1955 and finished second in 1948. Biography He was ...

(chess player) * I. J. (Jack) Good * Raymond Goodman, head of one shift in Naval Intelligence under

Frank Birch Francis Lyall "Frank" Birch, (5 December 1889 – 14 February 1956) was a British cryptographer and actor. He was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge. During World War I, he served as a lieutenant commander with the Ro ...

, Able Seaman RN was posthumously awarded the

for the "outstanding bravery and steadfast devotion to duty in the face of danger" that he displayed on 30 October 1942 in boarding, with Lieutenant Francis Fasson, the sinking ''U-559'' and recovering 'short signal' codebooks which provided a breakthrough in Cryptanalysis of the German Naval Enigma but losing his life in the process *

Nigel de Grey Nigel de Grey (27 March 1886 – 25 May 1951) was a British codebreaker. Son of the rector of Copdock, Suffolk, and grandson of the 5th Lord Walsingham, he was educated at Eton College and became fluent in French and German. In 1907 he ...

, cryptologist, in World War I helped decrypt the Zimmermann Telegram *

Philip Hall Philip Hall FRS (11 April 1904 – 30 December 1982), was an English mathematician. His major work was on group theory, notably on finite groups and solvable groups. Biography He was educated first at Christ's Hospital, where he won the Thom ...

John Herivel John William Jamieson Herivel (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) was a British science historian and World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park. As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for t ...

, arrived at Bletchley Park in January 1940; discoverer of the "Herivel Tip"; later worked in administration in the "Newmanry" (science historian) *

Peter Hilton Peter John Hilton (7 April 1923Peter Hilton, "On all Sorts of Automorphisms", ''The American Mathematical Monthly'', 92(9), November 1985, p. 6506 November 2010) was a British mathematician, noted for his contributions to homotopy theory and f ...

, arrived at Bletchley Park in January 1942, worked in Hut 8 until late 1942, moved to Research Section to work on Fish, later in

(

topologist Topology (from the Greek words , and ) is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without ...

) *

Harry Hinsley Sir Francis Harry Hinsley, (26 November 1918 – 16 February 1998) was an English intelligence officer and historian. He worked at Bletchley Park during the Second World War and wrote widely on the history of international relations and Briti ...

(historian) * James Hogarth, worked on German naval cyphers e.g. Reservehandverfahren * Gwen Hollington, worked in

Hut 4 Hut 4 was a wartime section of the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park tasked with the translation, interpretation and distribution of ''Kriegsmarine'' (German navy) messages deciphered by Hut 8. The messages were largely encryp ...

, Bletchley Park, translating decrypted German naval communications *

Leonard Hooper Sir Leonard James (Joe) Hooper (23 July 1914 – 19 February 1994) was director of the British signals intelligence agency, GCHQ, a post he held from 1965 to 1973. Career Educated at Alleyn's School in South East London and Worcester College, Oxfo ...

(Director of GCHQ) * Dorothy Hyson (American-born West End actress) *John Constantine Ivanoff, Cryptanalyst / Translator in the United States Army Signal Corps. Ordered to British Signal Intelligence Services in London, Ivanoff helped decode secret German transmissions. * John Jeffreys, supervised manufacture of

perforated sheets The method of Zygalski sheets was a cryptologic technique used by the Polish Cipher Bureau before and during World War II, and during the war also by British cryptologists at Bletchley Park, to decrypt messages enciphered on German Enigma machin ...

; initially in charge of Hut 6 with Welchman until May 1940; died in early 1941 (mathematician) *

Roy Jenkins Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British politician and writer who served as the sixth President of the European Commission from 1977 to 1981. At various times a Member of Parliamen ...

, codebreaker in the

(Labour Member of Parliament and government minister; first British President of the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the primary Executive (government), executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of European Commissioner, members of the Commission (directorial system, informall ...

(1977–81); one of the four principal founders of the

Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties Form ...

(SDP) in 1981, ennobled as Baron Jenkins of Hillhead; distinguished writer, especially of biographies) * Jones, Sergeant (later Squadron Leader); given overall responsibility for Bombe maintenance by

Travis Travis may refer to: People and fictional characters *Travis (given name), a list of people and fictional characters *Travis (surname), a list of people Places in the United States *Travis, Staten Island, a neighborhood *Travis Air Force Base, a ...

. * Daniel Jones, Japanese, Romanian and Russian codebreaker (Welsh composer) * Eric Jones, head of Hut 3 (Director of GCHQ) * Joan Joslin, cryptanalyst whose work helped lead to the sinking of the ''Scharnhorst'' *

Harold Keen Harold Hall "Doc" Keen (1894–1973) was a British engineer who produced the engineering design, and oversaw the construction of, the British bombe, a codebreaking machine used in World War II to read German messages sent using the Enigma machi ...

, BTM engineer who built the British

s * Marjorie Jean Oswald Kennedy *

Dilly Knox Alfred Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox, CMG (23 July 1884 – 27 February 1943) was an English classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge and a codebreaker. As a member of the Room 40 codebreaking unit he helped decrypt the Zimme ...

, leading cryptologist, cracked the code of the commercial Enigma machines used in the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

, one of the British participants in the

conference A conference is a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject, or to bring together people who have a common interest. Conferences can be used as a form of group decision-making, although discussion, not always d ...

in which the Poles disclosed to their French and British allies their achievements in Enigma decryption, broke the ''Abwehr'' non-steckered Enigma *

Solomon Kullback Solomon Kullback (April 3, 1907August 5, 1994) was an American cryptanalyst and mathematician, who was one of the first three employees hired by William F. Friedman at the US Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1930s, along with Fr ...

, American mathematician and cryptologist who visited Bletchley Park in May 1942 and cooperated with the British in the solution of more conventional German codebook-based systems. Shortly after his return to the US, Kullback moved into the Japanese section as its chief, and later joined the

National Security Agency The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the director of national intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and proces ...

. *

Leslie Lambert Leslie Harrison Lambert (11 November 1883 – 13 December 1941), known in public as A. J. Alan, was an English magician, intelligence officer, short story writer and radio broadcaster. At the beginning of World War II he worked in naval intell ...

(short story writer as A. J. Alan) *

Peter Laslett Thomas Peter Ruffell Laslett (18 December 1915 – 8 November 2001) was an English historian. Biography Laslett was the son of a Baptist minister and was born in Bedford on 18 December 1915. Although he spent much of his childhood in Oxford, h ...

Hugh Last Hugh Macilwain Last (3 December 1894 – 25 October 1957) was Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford and Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford. Early life Last was born in London on 3 December 1894; his father was Willi ...

(Professor of Ancient History at

Brasenose College Brasenose College (BNC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It began as Brasenose Hall in the 13th century, before being founded as a college in 1509. The library and chapel were added in the m ...

, Oxford) * F. L. ("Peter") Lucas, Hut 3 1939–45, translator and intelligence-analyst, acting head Hut 3, C.O. BP Home Guard (writer; lecturer in literature, King's College, Cambridge) *

Arnold Lynch Arnold Lynch (3 June 1914 – 13 November 2004) was an English engineer, known for his work on an optical tape reader which was used in the construction of the Colossus, the first electronic computer. By 1944 ten Colossus computers were installe ...

* Sir John Marriott (philatelist) * Peter Marr-Johnston headed

, Delhi; British Army officer. * Victor Masters,

shift-leader and senior codebreaker * Joan Louisa McLean, Leading Wren 45270, wartime morse code operator * George McVittie, Air Section, Head of Meteorological Sub-section. (Professor of Astronomy at the University of Illinois) *

Stewart Menzies Major General Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, (; 30 January 1890 – 29 May 1968) was Chief of MI6, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), from 1939 to 1952, during and after the Second World War. Early life, family Stewart Graham Menzies ...

, non-operational Director of GC&CS (head of

Secret Intelligence Service The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (MI numbers, Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of Human i ...

) *

Donald Michie Donald Michie (; 11 November 1923 – 7 July 2007) was a British researcher in artificial intelligence. During World War II, Michie worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, contributing to the effort to solve " Tunny ...

, joined BP in the early summer of 1942' later worked with Colossus; had the idea for modifying it to become Colossus II, which could tackle 'wheel patterns' in addition to 'wheel settings' *

Stuart Milner-Barry Sir Philip Stuart Milner-Barry (20 September 1906 – 25 March 1995) was a British chess player, chess writer, World War II cryptologist, and civil servant. He represented England in chess before and after World War II. During World War II ...

, member of Hut 6 from early 1940 to the end of the war; head of Hut 6 from Autumn 1943 (chess player and civil servant) *

Max Newman Maxwell Herman Alexander Newman, FRS (7 February 1897 – 22 February 1984), generally known as Max Newman, was a British mathematician and codebreaker. His work in World War II led to the construction of Colossus, the world's first operatio ...

, head of the "

Newmanry The Newmanry was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. Its job was to develop and employ statistical and machine methods in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. It worked very closely with the Testery wh ...

" (topologist) * Brinley ("Bryn") Newton-John (father of

Olivia Newton-John Dame Olivia Newton-John (26 September 1948 – 8 August 2022) was a British and Australian singer and actress. With over 100 million records sold, Newton-John was one of the List of best-selling music artists#100 million to 119 million record ...

) *

Rolf Noskwith Rolf Noskwith (19 June 1919 – 3 January 2017) was a British businessman who during the Second World War worked under Alan Turing as a cryptographer at the Bletchley Park British military base. Early life and education Noskwith's parents, Ch ...

, cryptographer *

Wilfrid Noyce Cuthbert Wilfrid Francis Noyce (31 December 1917 – 24 July 1962) (usually known as Wilfrid Noyce (often misspelt as 'Wilfred'), some sources give third forename as Frank) was an England, English Mountaineering, mountaineer and author. He was a ...

, wartime Intelligence Officer, cryptanalyst (climber, 1953 Mt

Everest Mount Everest (), known locally as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Qomolangma in Tibet, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level. It lies in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas and marks part of the China–Nepal border at its ...

expedition; knew

Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer ...

) * Denis Oswald, linguist and senior codebreaker * Thaddeus ("Teddy") Pilley, RAF Intelligence Officer, linguist in Hut 3 (was made Officier d’Academie by France; helped found the

International Association of Conference Interpreters The International Association of Conference Interpreters - AIIC (AIIC – Association Internationale des Interprètes de Conférence) was founded in 1953. It represents over 3,000 members present in over 100 countries. Overview AIIC is the only ...

and the

Institute of Linguists Founded as the ''Institute of Linguists'' in 1910, the Chartered Institute of Linguists (CIOL) received its royal charter in 2005, and is the UK's not-for-profit royal charter body for languages and linguists. CIOL supports linguists in their ...

; founded and ran the Linguists' Club) *

John H. Plumb Sir John (Jack) Harold Plumb (20 August 1911 – 21 October 2001) was a British historian, known for his books on British 18th-century history. Biography Plumb was born in Leicester on 20 August 1911. He was educated at Alderman Newton's Sch ...

* Howard Newton Porter, US Army (philologist, Yale classics instructor, professor of classics at

Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...

) *

Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. (September 19, 1907 – August 25, 1998) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1972 to 1987. Born in Suffolk, Virginia, he graduated ...

, US Army (member of the

US Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over Stat ...

) *

F.T. Prince Frank Templeton Prince (13 September 1912 – 7 August 2003) was a British poet and academic, known generally for his best-known poem ''Soldiers Bathing'', written during the Second World War in 1942, which has been frequently included in antholo ...

(poet) * Henry Reed, translator (poet and radio dramatist) * David Rees, Hut 6 (mathematician) *

Marian Rejewski Marian Adam Rejewski (; 16 August 1905 – 13 February 1980) was a Polish people, Polish mathematician and Cryptography, cryptologist who in late 1932 reconstructed the sight-unseen German military Enigma machine, Enigma cipher machine, aided ...

, Polish mathematician and

cryptologist This is a list of cryptographers. Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. Pre twentieth century * Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi: wrote a (now lost) book ...

Grafton Melville Richards Grafton Melville Richards (1910-1973) was a Welsh scholar in the field of Welsh language and literature and Celtic studies. Early life He was born on 29 September 1910 as the third son of William and Elizabeth Richards (his father was a railway for ...

, ISOS, cryptographer, linguist and academic (Welsh and Celtic Studies). Author of Welsh language novel Y Gelyn Mewnol (The Enemy Within), (1943), Llandybie: Llyfrau'r Dryw. *

Jerry Roberts Captain Raymond C. "Jerry" Roberts MBE (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British wartime codebreaker and businessman. During the Second World War, Roberts worked at the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park from 194 ...

shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker * James Robertson, Blocks A and F, Air Section. Ran BP Recreational Club Choral Society (Director of the

Sadler's Wells Opera Company English National Opera (ENO) is a British opera company based in London, resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin's Lane. It is one of the two principal opera companies in London, along with The Royal Opera. ENO's productions are sung in E ...

) * Alison Robins, Wren * Margaret Rock, mathematician * Jim Rose, Hut 3, later journalist and campaigner *

Pamela Rose Pamela Rose (29 November 1917 – 17 October 2021) was an actress (as Pamela Gibson) who later worked at Bletchley Park running Naval Hut 4’s indexing section. In later life she was a trustee and chair of charities. Education and personal lif ...

, Hut 4 and Naval records, earlier actress, later school counsellor and charity chair * Bob Roseveare, Hut 6 (schoolteacher) *

Miriam Louisa Rothschild Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild (5 August 1908 – 20 January 2005) was a British natural scientist and author with contributions to zoology, entomology, and botany. Early life Miriam Rothschild was born in 1908 in Ashton Wold, near Oundle in No ...

, author and scientist *

Mair Russell-Jones Mair Russell-Jones (born Mair Eluned Thomas, 17 October 1917 – 28 December 2013) was a graduate in Music and German from Cardiff University who during the Second World War worked as a civilian codebreaker for the Government Code and Cypher Sch ...

, cryptanalyst in Hut 6, working on the Enigma cipher. * John Saltmarsh (historian) * Anne Segrave (née Anne Hamilton-Grace; was indexer in Hut 3.in 1942,43, worked under F.L. Lucas, then Lavers; received a proposal of marriage from Ralph Tymms) *

D. R. Shackleton Bailey David Roy Shackleton Bailey (10 December 1917 – 28 November 2005) was a British scholar of Latin literature (particularly in the field of textual criticism) who spent his academic life teaching at the University of Cambridge, the University ...

* Arthur Shaw (cryptographer); RN, at the

Far East Combined Bureau The Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British Government Code and Cypher School, was set up in Hong Kong in March 1935, to monitor Japanese, and also Chinese and Russian (Soviet) intelligence and radio traffic. Later it moved to Sing ...

, founder and head of diplomatic section. *

Edward H. Simpson Edward Hugh Simpson Companion of The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, CB (10 December 1922Si ...

, cryptanalyst and mathematical statistician * Admiral

Hugh Sinclair Admiral Sir Hugh Francis Paget Sinclair, (18 August 1873 – 4 November 1939), known as Quex Sinclair, was a British intelligence officer. He was Director of British Naval Intelligence between 1919 and 1921, and he subsequently helped to se ...

, non-operational Director of GC&CS (head of

) * Howard Smith (director general of

MI5 MI5 ( Military Intelligence, Section 5), officially the Security Service, is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Gov ...

) * Francis Hayward Stanton *

Rosemary Brown Stanton Rosemary Ruth Ellman-Brown Stanton (3 February 1924 – 21 January 2017) worked in the decoding room at Bletchley Park in World War II, and led an "extraordinary life". Early life Stanton was born on 3 February 1924, in Radlett, a town between S ...

Rena Stewart Rena Stewart (17 February 1923 - 11 November 2023) was a World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park who later translated Adolf Hitler's will. She became a journalist, and the first woman Senior Duty Editor at the BBC World Service. Early life ...

Oliver Strachey Oliver Strachey CBE (3 November 1874 – 14 May 1960), a British civil servant in the Foreign Office, was a cryptographer from World War I to World War II. Life and work Strachey was a son of Sir Richard Strachey, colonial administrator and J ...

, head of the section deciphering ''Abwehr'' messages * Alan Stripp, worked on Japanese codes (author of ''Codebreaker in the Far East'') * Sadie Stuart *

Joy Tamblin Air Commodore Pamela Joy Tamblin (11 January 1926 – 8 March 2015) was a senior officer of the Royal Air Force. She served as Director of the Women's Royal Air Force from 1976 to 1980. Military career During World War II, Tamblin served in ...

(Director of the

Women's Royal Air Force The Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) was the women's branch of the Royal Air Force. It existed in two separate incarnations: the Women's Royal Air Force from 1918 to 1920 and the Women's Royal Air Force from 1949 to 1994. On 1 February 1949, the ...

) *

Derek Taunt Derek Roy Taunt (16 November 1917 (Note 1) – 15 July 2004) was a British mathematician who worked as a codebreaker during World War II at Bletchley Park. Taunt attended Enfield Grammar, then the City of London School. He studied mathemat ...

, arrived in Bletchley Park in August 1941, worked in Hut 6 (mathematician, later bursar of Jesus College, Cambridge) *

Telford Taylor Telford Taylor (February 24, 1908 – May 23, 1998) was an American lawyer and professor. Taylor was known for his role as lead counsel in the prosecution of war criminals after World War II, his opposition to McCarthyism in the 1950s, and his o ...

, US Army (Counsel for the Prosecution at the

Nuremberg Trials #REDIRECT Nuremberg trials {{redirect category shell, {{R from other capitalisation{{R from move ...

) *

Ralph Tester Ralph Paterson Tester (2 June 1902 – May 1998) was an administrator at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. He founded and supervised a section named the '' Testery'' for breaking Tunny (a Fish cipher). Backgrou ...

, linguist, head of the

and member of a

TICOM TICOM (Target Intelligence Committee) was a secret Allied project formed in World War II to find and seize German intelligence assets, particularly in the field of cryptology and signals intelligence. It operated alongside other Western Allied ...

team (accountant with Unilever) * John Thompson, codebreaker *

John Tiltman Brigadier John Hessell Tiltman, (25 May 1894 – 10 August 1982) was a British Army officer who worked in intelligence, often at or with the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) starting in the 1920s. His intelligence work was largely co ...

Edward Travis Sir Edward Wilfred Harry Travis (24 September 1888 – 23 April 1956) was a British cryptographer and intelligence officer, becoming the operational head of Bletchley Park during World War II, and later the head of GCHQ. Career Educated local ...

* Michael Trumm *

, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, designer of the

, head of

(pioneering

computer scientist A computer scientist is a scientist who specializes in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on ...

) *

W. T. Tutte William Thomas Tutte (; 14 May 1917 – 2 May 2002) was an English and Canadian code breaker and mathematician. During the Second World War, he made a fundamental advance in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, a major Nazi German cipher system ...

* Peter Twinn, first British cryptographer to read a German military Enigma message; became the head of the ''Abwehr'' Enigma section * Ralph Tymms *

Jean Valentine __NOTOC__ Jean Valentine (April 27, 1934December 29, 2020) was an American poet and the New York State Poet Laureate from 2008 to 2010. Her poetry collection, ''Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965–2003'', was awarded the 2004 N ...

, leading WRNS, Bombe operator * Langdon Van Norden,

US Army Signal Corps The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It was established in 1860 by ...

(chairman of the board of the

Metropolitan Opera Association The Metropolitan Opera is an American opera company based in New York City, currently resident at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center), Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, situated on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Referred ...

) *

Vernon Watkins Vernon Phillips Watkins (27 June 1906 – 8 October 1967) was a Welsh poet and translator. His headmaster at Repton was Geoffrey Fisher, who became Archbishop of Canterbury. Despite his parents being Nonconformists, Watkins' school experience ...

* Betty Webb (code breaker) served in the ATS (

Auxiliary Territorial Service The Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS; often pronounced as an acronym) was the women's branch of the British Army during the World War II, Second World War. It was formed on 9 September 1938, initially as a women's voluntary service, and existe ...

) then moved to Bletchley Park to help decipher Japanese and German encrypted messages * Neil Leslie Webster, major in SIXTA, signals intelligence and codebreaking *

Gordon Welchman William Gordon Welchman OBE (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1985) was an English mathematician. During World War II, he worked at Britain's secret decryption centre at Bletchley Park, where he was one of the most important contributors. In 1948, a ...

, initially in charge of Hut 6 with Jeffreys, became official head of the section until Autumn 1943; later Assistant Director of Mechanisation at Bletchley Park (author of ''The Hut Six Story'', worked on secure communications systems for US forces) * Peter Frederick West Maintained the Bombes at Bletchley Park *

J. H. C. Whitehead John Henry Constantine Whitehead FRS (11 November 1904 – 8 May 1960), known as "Henry", was a British mathematician and was one of the founders of homotopy theory. He was born in Chennai (then known as Madras), in India, and died in Princet ...

, Newmanry mathematician (topologist, one of the founders of

homotopy theory In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which Map (mathematics), maps can come with homotopy, homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology, but nowadays is learned as an independent discipli ...

) *

Bernard Willson Harold Bernard Willson (25 February 1919 – 1994) was a British linguist and noted academic, who during the Second World War was the first person to decrypt the Italian Navy Hagelin C-38 code machine. He was the father of television present ...

, academic, worked in Hut 4 on Italian and Japanese codes *

Angus Wilson Sir Angus Frank Johnstone-Wilson (11 August 191331 May 1991) was an English novelist and short story writer. He was one of England's first openly gay authors. He was awarded the 1958 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for '' The Middle Age of Mrs ...

(novelist and short story writer) * F. W. Winterbotham, RAF Intelligence Officer, responsible for devising SLU system for secure dissemination of Ultra (author of ''The Ultra Secret'') *

Shaun Wylie Shaun Wylie (17 January 1913 – 2 October 2009 C. E. Wynn-Williams Charles Eryl Wynn-Williams (5 March 1903 – 30 August 1979), was a Welsh physicist, noted for his research on electronic instrumentation for use in nuclear physics. His work on the scale-of-two counter contributed to the development of the moder ...

(physicist from the TRE; designed the electronic counters used in the Newmanry's Robinson machines and

s *

Leslie Yoxall Albert Leslie Yoxall (18 May 1914 – 30 September 2005) was a British codebreaker at Bletchley Park during World War II. He devised a method to assist in solving Enigma messages which was dubbed Yoxallismus. After the war he worked at GCHQ ...

, devised Yoxallismus technique

See also

References

Further reading