This is a list of musical compositions that employ

extended techniques In music, extended technique is unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional methods of singing or of playing musical instruments employed to obtain unusual sounds or timbres.Burtner, Matthew (2005).Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Exper ...

to obtain unusual sounds or instrumental

timbre In music, timbre (), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes sounds according to their source, such as choir voices and musical instrument ...

s. *

Hector Berlioz Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic music, Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the ''Symphonie fantastique'' and ''Harold en Italie, Harold in Italy'' ...

::"Dream of Witches' Sabbath" from ''

Symphonie Fantastique ' (''Fantastic Symphony: Episode in the Life of an Artist … in Five Sections'') Opus number, Op. 14, is a program music, programmatic symphony written by Hector Berlioz in 1830. The first performance was at the Paris Conservatoire on 5 December ...

.'' The violins and violas play ''col legno'', striking the wood of their bows on the strings . *

Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber correctly ''Biber von Bibern'' (baptism, bapt. 12 August 1644, Stráž pod Ralskem – 3 May 1704, Salzburg) was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. Biber worked in Graz and Kroměříž before he illegally ...

::''Battalia'' (1673). The strings play ''col legno'', striking the wood of their bows on the strings, in addition to numerous other techniques . *

François-Adrien Boieldieu François-Adrien Boieldieu (, also ) (16 December 1775 – 8 October 1834) was a French composer, mainly of operas, often called "the French Mozart".. Although his reputation is largely based upon his operas, Boieldieu composed other works and amo ...

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Le calife de Bagdad ''Le calife de Bagdad'' (''The Caliph of Baghdad'') is an ''opéra comique'' in one act by the French composer François-Adrien Boieldieu with a libretto by Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just. Dedicated to the landscape painter Bidauld it wa ...

'' (opera, 1800), strings play ''col legno'' . *

Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, o ...

::''Passacaglia'' from

Peter Grimes ''Peter Grimes'', Op. 33, is an opera in three acts by Benjamin Britten, with a libretto by Montagu Slater based on the section "Peter Grimes", in George Crabbe's long narrative poem '' The Borough''. The "borough" of the opera is a fictional ...

, rehearsal 6, "''agitato''", (pp. 16–17 of the score). The violins and violas play ''col legno'', striking the wood of their bows on the strings . *

John Cage John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and Extended technique, non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one ...

prepared piano A prepared piano is a piano that has had its sounds temporarily altered by placing bolts, screws, mutes, rubber erasers, and/or other objects on or between the strings. Its invention is usually traced to John Cage's dance music for ''Works for pr ...

pieces (1938) * Nicolas-Marie Dalayrac ::''Une heure de mariage'' (opera, 1804). Strings use ''col legno'' . *

Pascal Dusapin Pascal Georges Dusapin (born 29 May 1955) is a French composer. His music is marked by its microtonality, tension, and energy. A pupil of Iannis Xenakis and Franco Donatoni and an admirer of Varèse, Dusapin studied at the University of Pari ...

::''Watt'', concerto for trombone and orchestra (1994). Features "ample use of extended techniques" . * Carlo Farina ::''Capriccio stravagante'' (from ''Ander Theil newer Paduanen, Gagliarden, Couranten, französischen Arien'', 1627). The violins play ''glissando'', ''pizzicato'', ''tremolo'', and in double stops, and use particular effects such as ''col legno'' (striking the wood of the bow on the strings) and ''sul ponticello'' (bowing close to the bridge), in order to imitate the sounds of a cat, a dog, a hen, the lyre, clarino trumpet, military drum, Spanish guitar, etc. (; ). *

Tobias Hume Tobias Hume (possibly 1579 – 16 April 1645) was a Scottish composer, viol player and soldier. Little is known of his life. Some have suggested that he was born in 1579 because he was admitted to the London Charterhouse in 1629, a prerequisite ...

**"Harke, Harke", from First Part of Ayres (1605). The viol da gamba plays ''col legno'', with the instruction "Drum this with the back of your Bow" (; ; ). *

Charles Ives Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer, actuary and businessman. Ives was among the earliest renowned American composers to achieve recognition on a global scale. His music was largely ignored d ...

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Concord Sonata The Piano Sonata No. 2, ''Concord, Mass., 1840–60'' (commonly known as the ''Concord Sonata'') is a piano sonata by Charles Ives. It is one of the composer's best-known and most highly regarded pieces. A typical performance of the piece lasts ar ...

'', use of a piece of wood to create a cluster chord in the "Hawthorne" movement . *

Helmut Lachenmann Helmut Friedrich Lachenmann (; born 27 November 1935) is a German composer of contemporary classical music and pianist. Associated with the "instrumental musique concrète" style, Lachenmann is alongside Wolfgang Rihm as among the leading Germa ...

::After ''TemA'' (1968), almost all works make extensive use of extended techniques . *

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic music, Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and ...

:: Symphony No. 1 in D major, third movement (p. 91 of the UE score) first violins, ''divisi a 3'', play ''col legno tratto'', stroking the strings with the wood of their bows . :: Symphony No. 2 in C minor, first movement, bars 304–306, all the strings play ''col legno'' (some of the strings continue through 307), striking the wood of their bows on the strings . *

Gioacchino Rossini Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer of the late Classical period (music), Classical and early Romantic music, Romantic eras. He gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote man ...

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Il Signor Bruschino ''Il signor Bruschino, ossia Il figlio per azzardo'' ''(Signor Bruschino, or The Accidental Son)'' is a one act operatic farce ( farsa giocosa per musica) by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Giuseppe Maria Foppa, based upon the 1809 play ''Le ...

'', in the overture, the second violins rhythmically tap their bows on their music stands *

Camille Saint-Saëns Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (, , 9October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic music, Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Piano ...

::''Danse macabre'', the strings play ''col legno'' to suggest the rattling of skeletons *

Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first Modernism (music), modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-centu ...

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Gurrelieder ' (''Songs of Gurre'') is a tripartite oratorio followed by a melodramatic epilogue for five vocal soloists, narrator, three choruses, and grand orchestra. The work, which is based on an early song cycle for soprano, tenor and piano, was comp ...

'' (1911), makes use of

Sprechstimme (, "spoken singing") and (, "spoken voice"), more commonly known as speak-singing in English, are expressionist musical vocal techniques between singing and speaking. Though sometimes used interchangeably, is directly related to the operatic re ...

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Die glückliche Hand ' (''The Hand of Fate''), Op. 18, is a ''Drama mit Musik'' ("drama with music") by Arnold Schoenberg in four scenes. It was composed between 1910 and 1913. Like ''Erwartung'', composed a year earlier, it was heavily influenced by Otto Weininger's ...

'' (1910–1913), makes use of

::'' Pierrot Lunaire'' Op. 21 (1912) makes use of

::''

Moses und Aron ''Moses und Aron'' (English: ''Moses and Aaron'') is a three-act opera by Arnold Schoenberg with the music to the third act unfinished. The German libretto is by the composer. It is based on selected incidents from the Book of Exodus (chapters 3 ...

'' (1930–1932), makes use of

:: String Quartet No. 4, op. 37 (1936). Fourth movement (Allegro), bars 882–888, all four instruments play ''col legno battuto'', ''col legno tratto'', and ''col legno tratto ponticello'', on single notes and in double stops, tremolo, and in harmonics . ::String Trio, op. 45 (1946). The violin and cello play ''col legno battuto''; the violin plays ''col legno tratto'' in double stops; all the instruments play ''col legno tratto ponticello'', double stops; violin and viola play ''col legno tratto ponticello'' in double stops, which are also played tremolo (; ) *

Igor Stravinsky Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky ( – 6 April 1971) was a Russian composer and conductor with French citizenship (from 1934) and American citizenship (from 1945). He is widely considered one of the most important and influential 20th-century c ...

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The Firebird ''The Firebird'' (; ) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky. It was written for the 1910 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company; the original choreography was by Michel Fokine, who c ...

'', the strings occasionally play ''col legno'', striking the wood of their bows on the strings *

Heitor Villa-Lobos Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has globally bec ...

::''Assobio a játo'' (1950), requires the flute to play "imitando fischi in toni ascendenti" (imitating whistles in rising tones), accomplished by blowing into the embouchure "as if one were warming up the instrument on a cold day" . ::''

Chôros No. 8 ''Chôros No. 8'' is a work for orchestra and two pianos, written in 1925 by the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos. It is part of a series of fourteen numbered compositions collectively titled ''Chôros'', ranging from solos for guitar and fo ...

'' (1925), for orchestra and two pianos, requires one or both of the pianos to insert paper between the strings for a passage .

References

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External links

Carlo Forlivesi Official Website

Panayiotis Kokoras' home page
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Musical Pieces Which Use Extended Techniques

Extended techniques In music, extended technique is unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional methods of singing or of playing musical instruments employed to obtain unusual sounds or timbres.Burtner, Matthew (2005).Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Exper ...