The List of data references for chemical elements is divided into

datasheet A datasheet, data sheet, or spec sheet is a document that summarizes the performance and other characteristics of a product, machine, component (e.g., an electronic component), material, subsystem (e.g., a power supply), or software in sufficie ...

s that give values for many properties of the elements, together with various references. Each datasheet is sequenced by

atomic number The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol ''Z'') of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (''n''p) or the number of pro ...

References for chemical elements

List of chemical elements 118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or ''Z' ...

— with basic properties like standard atomic weight, m.p., b.p., abundance *

Abundance of the chemical elements The abundance of the chemical elements is a measure of the Type–token distinction#Occurrences, occurrences of the chemical elements relative to all other elements in a given environment. Abundance is measured in one of three ways: by mass fractio ...

* Abundances of the elements (data page) — Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and

Solar System The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies. The International Astronomical Union, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Sola ...

Abundance of elements in Earth's crust The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated Earth's crust, crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts-per notation, parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%). Res ...

Atomic radii of the elements (data page) The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell of an electron. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius ...

— atomic radius (empirical), atomic radius (calculated), van der Waals radius, covalent radius * Boiling points of the elements (data page) —

Boiling point The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding envi ...

* Critical points of the elements (data page) — Critical point *

Densities of the elements (data page) Density, solid phase In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content. Density, liquid phase Density, gas phase Notes * The suggested values ...

—

Density Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume. The symbol most often used for density is ''ρ'' (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter ''D'' (or ''d'') can also be u ...

(solid, liquid, gas) * Elastic properties of the elements (data page) — Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus *

Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page) Electrical resistivity References WEL As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources: * G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in ''Tables of physical and chemical constants'', Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993. * A.M. James and M.P. ...

—

Electrical resistivity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by ...

* Electron affinity (data page) —

Electron affinity The electron affinity (''E''ea) of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron attaches to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form an anion. ::X(g) + e− → X−(g) + energy This differs by si ...

* Electron configurations of the elements (data page) —

Electron configuration In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon ato ...

of the gaseous atoms in the ground state *

Electronegativities of the elements (data page) Electronegativity (Pauling scale) Notes * Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ. * Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are al ...

—

Electronegativity Electronegativity, symbolized as , is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the ...

(Pauling scale) *

Hardnesses of the elements (data page) Notes References See also *Mohs scale of mineral hardness *Mohs hardness of materials (data page) *Vickers hardness test *Brinell scale The Brinell hardness test (pronounced /brəˈnɛl/) measures the indentation hardness of materials ...

— Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness *

Heat capacities of the elements (data page) Specific heat capacity Notes * All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted. * Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)". Lange indirect ...

—

Heat capacity Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J/K). Heat capacity is a ...

Heats of fusion of the elements (data page) Heat of fusion Notes * Values refer to the enthalpy change between the liquid phase and the most stable solid phase at the melting point (normal, 101.325 kPa). References CRC As quoted from various sources in an online version of: * Da ...

—

Heat of fusion In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as (latent) heat of fusion, is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a s ...

Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page) Heat of vaporization Notes * Values refer to the enthalpy Enthalpy () is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function in thermodynamics used in many measurements ...

—

Heat of vaporization In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of vaporization (symbol ), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance to Phase transition, transform a qua ...

Ionization energies of the elements (data page) Numerical values For each atom, the column marked 1 is the first ionization energy to ionize the neutral atom, the column marked 2 is the second ionization energy to remove a second electron from the +1 ion, the column marked 3 is the third io ...

—

Ionization energy In physics and chemistry, ionization energy (IE) is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, Ion, positive ion, or molecule. The first ionization energy is quantitatively expressed as : ...

(in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol) *

Melting points of the elements (data page) Melting point In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content. Notes * All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point ...

—

Melting point The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state of matter, state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase (matter), phase exist in Thermodynamic equilib ...

* Oxidation states of the elements —

Oxidation state In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical Electrical charge, charge of an atom if all of its Chemical bond, bonds to other atoms are fully Ionic bond, ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons ...

* Speeds of sound of the elements (data page) —

Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elasticity (solid mechanics), elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At , the speed of sound in a ...

* Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page) —

Thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to heat conduction, conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by k, \lambda, or \kappa and is measured in W·m−1·K−1. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low ...

* Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page) —

Thermal expansion Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions). Substances usually contract with decreasing temp ...

* Vapor pressures of the elements (data page) —

Vapor pressure Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indicat ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:data references for chemical elements