The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to

anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

Nature

Schools of thought

Classical

* Mutualism *

Individualist anarchism Individualist anarchism or anarcho-individualism is a collection of anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hi ...

** Philosophical anarchism **

Egoist anarchism Egoist anarchism or anarcho-egoism, often shortened as simply egoism, is a Anarchist schools of thought, school of anarchist thought that originated in the philosophy of Max Stirner, philosophy of Max Stirner, a 19th-century philosopher whose "n ...

*** Illegalism *

Social anarchism Social anarchism, also known as left-wing anarchism or socialist anarchism, is an anarchist tradition that sees individual liberty and social solidarity as mutually compatible and desirable. It advocates for a social revolution to eliminate ...

** Collectivist anarchism **

Anarchist communism Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates communism. It calls for the abolition of private real property but retention of personal property and collectively-owned items, goods, and ser ...

*** Magonism

Post-classical In Human history, world history, post-classical history refers to the period from about 500 CE to 1500 CE, roughly corresponding to the European Middle Ages. The period is characterized by the expansion of civilizations geographically an ...

* Anarcha-feminism * Green anarchism ** Anarcho-primitivism ** Social ecology * Anarcho-pacifism *

Insurrectionary anarchism Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on ...

Religious anarchism Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that claims anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the Gospels. It is grounded in the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answ ...

** Buddhist anarchism **

Christian anarchism Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that claims anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the Gospels. It is grounded in the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answ ...

** Jewish anarchism *

Anarchism without adjectives Anarchism without adjectives is a Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralist tendency of anarchism that opposes sectarianism and advocates for cooperation between different anarchist schools of thought. First formulated by the Anarchism in Spain ...

Contemporary

* Black anarchism * Crypto-anarchism * Market anarchism *

Postcolonial anarchism Contemporary anarchism within the history of anarchism is the period of the anarchist movement continuing from the end of World War II and into the present. Since the last third of the 20th century, anarchists have been involved in anti-globali ...

* Post-anarchism * Post-left anarchy * Queer anarchism * Anarcho-transhumanism

Organizational forms

Platformism Platformism is an anarchist organizational theory that aims to create a tightly coordinated anarchist federation. Its main features include a common Tactic (method), tactical line, a unified political policy and a commitment to collective responsi ...

* Synthesis anarchism *

Anarcho-syndicalism Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade uni ...

History

Timeline of major events

; Historic precedents and background events (pre-1840) * 1793 –

William Godwin William Godwin (3 March 1756 – 7 April 1836) was an English journalist, political philosopher and novelist. He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism and the first modern proponent of anarchism. Godwin is most famous fo ...

publishes '' Enquiry Concerning Political Justice'', implicitly establishing the philosophical foundations of anarchism. * 1827 –

Josiah Warren Josiah Warren (; June 26, 1798 – April 14, 1874) was an American Reformism (historical), social reformer, inventor, musician, businessman, and philosopher. He is regarded as the first American Philosophical anarchism, philosophical anarchist ...

opens the

Cincinnati Time Store The Cincinnati Time Store (1827–1830) was the first in a series of retail stores created by American individualist anarchist Josiah Warren to test his economic labor theory of value. The experimental store operated from May 18, 1827, until Ma ...

, an early experiment in mutualist economics. ;Early stages (1840-1870) * 1840 –

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (, ; ; 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He was the first person to ca ...

publishes '' What Is Property?'' and becomes history's first self-proclaimed anarchist. * 1844 –

The Ego and Its Own ''The Ego and Its Own'' (), also known as ''The Unique and Its Property'', is an 1844 work by German philosopher Max Stirner. It presents a post-Hegelian critique of Christianity and traditional morality on one hand; and on the other, humanism, ...

published by

Max Stirner Johann Kaspar Schmidt (; 25 October 1806 – 26 June 1856), known professionally as Max Stirner (; ), was a German post-Hegelian philosopher, dealing mainly with the Hegelian notion of social alienation and self-consciousness. Stirner is oft ...

. * 1845 –

Ramón de la Sagra Ramón Dionisio José de la Sagra y Peris (8 April 179823 May 1871) was a Spanish people, Spanish anarchist, politician, writer, and botanist who founded the world's first anarchist journal, ''El Porvenir'' (Spanish for "The Future"). Biography ...

founds the first anarchist journal in Spain. * 1850 – Anarchist Manifesto published by Anselme Bellegarrigue. * 1864 –

International Workingmen's Association The International Workingmen's Association (IWA; 1864–1876), often called the First International, was a political international which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, social democratic, communist, and anarchist g ...

(IWA) founded. * 1867–69 – Julio López Chávez revolt in Mexico. ;Classical era (1870–1913) * 1870–71 –

Paris Commune The Paris Commune (, ) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris on 18 March 1871 and controlled parts of the city until 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard (France), Nation ...

Lyon Commune The Lyon Commune (French language, French: ''Commune de Lyon'') was a short-lived revolutionary movement in Lyon, France, in 1870–1871. Republicans and activists from several components of the Far-left politics, far-left of the time seized po ...

and

Besançon Commune The Besançon Commune (in French ''Commune de Besançon'') was a short-lived revolutionary movement conceived and developed in 1871, aiming at the proclamation of a local autonomous power based on the experiences of the Paris Paris () i ...

in France. * 1872 – Hague Congress in the Netherlands. * 1872 – St. Imier Congress in Switzerland. * 1873–74 – Cantonal rebellion and Petroleum Revolution in Spain. * 1874 – Bologna insurrection in Italy. * 1877 – Matese insurrection in Italy. * 1878 – Assassination attempt against Kaiser Wilhelm I by Max Hödel. * 1882–83 – Mano Negra affair in Spain. * 1886 – Strike of 1886 in Belgium. * 1886 –

Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square (C ...

in the USA. Leads to

International Workers' Day International Workers' Day, also called Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of Wage labour, labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every yea ...

/May Day. * 1891 – Clichy Affair in France. * 1892 – '' The Conquest of Bread'' by

Peter Kropotkin Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, Kropotkin attended the Page Corps and later s ...

is published. * 1892 – Jerez uprising in Spain. * 1892 – Walsall Anarchists in Britain. * 1893 – Liceu bombing in Spain. * 1894 – Lunigiana revolt in Italy. * 1894 – Omladina Trial in the Austro-Hungarian empire. * 1894 – Assassination of French President Sadi Carnot by

Sante Geronimo Caserio Sante Geronimo Caserio (; 8 September 187316 August 1894) was an Italian baker, Anarchism, anarchist, and Propaganda of the deed, propagandist by the deed. He is primarily known for Assassination of Sadi Carnot, assassinating Sadi Carnot, the sit ...

. * 1894 – Trial of the Thirty in France. * 1896 – Barcelona Corpus Christi procession bombing and Montjuïc trial in Spain. * 1897 – Assassination of Spanish PM Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. * 1898 – Assassination of

Empress Elisabeth of Austria Elisabeth (born Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie in Bavaria; 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898), nicknamed Sisi or Sissi, was Empress of Austria and List of Hungarian consorts, Queen of Hungary from her marriage to Franz Joseph I of Austri ...

. * 1900 – Assassination of King

Umberto I of Italy Umberto I (; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw Italy's expansion into the Horn of Africa, as well as the creation of the Triple Alliance (1882), Triple Alliance a ...

. * 1901 – Assassination of US President William McKinley. * 1903 –

Strandzha Commune The Strandzha Commune (), also known as the Strandzha Republic (), was a short-lived List of anarchist communities, anarchist commune in East Thrace. It was proclaimed during the Preobrazhenie Uprising in 1903 by rebels of the Internal Macedonia ...

in the Ottoman Empire. * 1903 – Immigration Act of 1903 in the USA. * 1907 –

International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam The International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam took place from 24 August to 31 August 1907. It gathered delegates from 14 countries, among which important figures of the anarchist movement, including Errico Malatesta, Luigi Fabbri, Benoît ...

in the Netherlands. * 1907 – Tenants' strike in Argentina. * 1908 – Red Flag Incident in Japan. * 1909 – Assassination of Chief of Police Ramón Lorenzo Falcón. * 1909 – Francisco Ferrer executed in Spain. * 1910–11 – High Treason Incident in Japan. * 1911 – Magonista rebellion in Mexico. * 1912 – Assassination of Spanish PM José Canalejas y Méndez. * 1912–27 – The Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement in China and France. * 1913 –

Assassination of George I of Greece George I of Greece was assassinated on the late afternoon of March 18, 1913, in Thessaloniki, Greece. It was carried out by an alleged Greek anarchist named Alexandros Schinas. On the day of the murder, George I of Greece, King George I was in ...

. ; World War I, Interwar period and World War II (1914 – 1945) * 1916 – Manifesto of the Sixteen published. * 1916 – Serifos miners strike in Greece. * 1917–21 – the

Makhnovshchina The Makhnovshchina (, ) was a Political movement#Mass movements, mass movement to establish anarchist communism in southern Ukraine, southern and eastern Ukraine during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, ...

is active in Ukraine. * 1918–20 – Constitution Protection Region of Southern Fujian in China. * 1918 – Explosion in Leontievsky Lane in Russia. * 1918 – First Republic of Pińczów established in Poland. * 1918 – Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection in Brazil. * 1919 – Tragic Week in Argentina. * 1919 – La Canadenca strike in Spain. * 1919 – United States anarchist bombings. * 1919–20 –

First Red Scare The first Red Scare was a period during History of the United States (1918–1945), the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Far-left politics, far-left movements, including Bolsheviks, Bolshevism a ...

and

Palmer Raids The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to capture and arrest suspected socialists, especially anarchist ...

in the USA. * 1919–20 – Biennio Rosso in Italy. * 1920–22 – Patagonia Rebelde and

La Forestral massacre La Forestal massacre was the mass killing, torture, rape and burning of houses of workers aligned with the anarcho-syndicalist union FORA by private police forces and the paramilitary nationalist organization '' Argentine Patriotic League'' in 19 ...

in Argentina. * 1920 – Wall Street bombing in the USA. * 1921 – Assassination of Spanish PM Eduardo Dato. * 1923 – Kantō Massacre and Amakasu Incident in Japan. * 1926 – Gino Lucetti attempts to assassinate

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

in Italy. * 1926–28 – Severino Di Giovanni bombing campaign in Argentina. * 1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti executed in the USA. * 1929–31 – Korean People's Association in Manchuria in China. * 1931 – Taking of Encarnación in Paraguay. * 1932 – Alt Llobregat insurrection in Spain. * 1933 – Anarchist insurrection of January 1933 and

Casas Viejas incident The Casas Viejas incident, also known as the Casas Viejas massacre, took place around 11–12 January 1933, in the village of Benalup-Casas Viejas, Casas Viejas, in Cádiz Province, Andalusia. Background The Anarchism in Spain, anarchist mov ...

in Spain. * 1933 – Anarchist insurrection of December 1933 in Spain. * 1934 – Erich Mühsam murdered in a Nazi concentration camp. * 1934 – Asturian miners' strike of 1934 in Spain. * 1936–39 – the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

and Spanish Revolution. * 1937 – May Days in Spain. * 1943 – Carlo Tresca assassinated in the USA. ;Cold War era (1946 – 1989) * 1955 – Pierre Morain becomes the first French activist jailed for supporting Algerian independence. * 1968 –

May 68 May 68 () was a period of widespread protests, strikes, and civil unrest in France that began in May 1968 and became one of the most significant social uprisings in modern European history. Initially sparked by student demonstrations agains ...

in France. * 1969 – Piazza Fontana bombing and death of Giuseppe Pinelli in Italy. * 1970 – Barracks anarchists killed in Italy. * 1971 – Chomsky–Foucault debate the Netherlands. * 1978 – Scala case in Spain. * 1980 – Faurisson affair in France. * 1980 – Wanganui Computer Centre bombing in New Zealand. * 1982 – Litton Industries bombing in Canada. * 1986 – Battle of Ryesgade in Denmark. ;Post-Cold War era resurgence (1990 – present) * 1994–2020 – Zapatista uprising and Chiapas conflict in Mexico. * 1999 – Murder of Björn Söderberg in Sweden. * 1999 – Seattle WTO protests in the USA. * 2001 – Katie Sierra free speech case in the USA. * 2006 – 4F case in Spain. * 2008 – Tarnac Nine arrested in France. * 2008 – Greek riots. * 2011 –

Occupy movement The Occupy movement was an international populist Social movement, socio-political movement that expressed opposition to Social equality, social and economic inequality and to the perceived lack of real democracy around the world. It aimed primar ...

begins. * 2012 –

Rojava conflict The Rojava Conflict, also known as the Rojava Revolution, is a political upheaval and military conflict taking place in northern Syria, known among Kurds as Syrian Kurdistan, Western Kurdistan or Rojava. During the Syrian civil war that began ...

begins. * 2016 – Audrey Tang appointed

Minister without portfolio A minister without portfolio is a government minister without specific responsibility as head of a government department. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet with decision-making authorit ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

. * 2017 – Catalan general strike in Spain. * 2018 – Arkhangelsk FSB office bombing in Russia. * 2019 – Tacoma attack in the USA. * 2023 – Killing of Tortuguita in the USA. * 2024 – Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell in the USA.

History by region

Celebrating 100 years of Anarchism 888 monument

Historians

Paul Avrich Paul Avrich (August 4, 1931 – February 16, 2006) was an American historian specializing in the 19th and early 20th-century anarchist movement in Russia and the United States. He taught at Queens College, City University of New York, for his ...

* David Goodway * Daniel Guérin * Peter Marshall * Max Nettlau * George Woodcock ; Historical societies * Anarchy Archives * Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme * Kate Sharpley Library *

Labadie Collection The Labadie Collection at the University of Michigan, originating from the collection of radical ephemera built by Detroit Anarchist Jo Labadie, is recognized as one of the world's most complete collections of materials documenting the history ...

Organizations

Notable organizations

Political internationals

Platformist federations

Syndicalist federations

Synthesis federations

Militant groups

Others

Structures

Affinity group An affinity group is a group formed around a shared interest or common goal, to which individuals formally or informally belong. Affinity groups are generally precluded from being under the aegis of any governmental agency, and their purposes ...

(e.g.

Black bloc A black bloc (sometimes black block) is a tactic used by protesters who wear black clothing, ski masks, scarves, sunglasses, motorcycle helmets with padding or other face-concealing and face-protecting items.

) *

Adhocracy Adhocracy is a flexible, adaptable, and informal form of organization defined by a lack of formal structure and employs specialized multidisciplinary teams grouped by function. It operates in a fashion opposite to bureaucracy. Warren Bennis coin ...

Collective A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an e ...

Cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, coöperative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomy, autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned a ...

Federation A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism) ...

Participatory organization A participatory organization is an organization which is built based on public participation rather than their contract obligations. Types Different types of participatory organizations are possible including production companies, membership or ...

Popular assembly A popular assembly (or people's assembly) is a gathering called to address issues of importance to participants. Popular assemblies tend to be freely open to participation, in contrast to elected assemblies and randomly-selected citizens' as ...

* Security culture * Spokescouncil *

Syndicate A syndicate is a self-organizing group of individuals, companies, corporations or entities formed to transact some specific business, to pursue or promote a shared interest. Etymology The word ''syndicate'' comes from the French word ''syndic ...

Union of egoists A "union of egoists" () was first expounded by the Egoist philosopher Max Stirner in '' The Ego and Its Own''. A union of egoists is understood as a voluntary and non-systematic association which Stirner proposed in contradistinction to the sta ...

* Workers' council

Literature

Manifestos and expositions

; (1840–1914) * '' Anarchist Manifesto'' (1850) by Anselme Bellegarrigue * '' The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century'' (1851) by

* '' The Principles of Anarchism'' () by Lucy Parsons * '' The Soul of Man under Socialism'' (1891) by

Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...

* '' The Conquest of Bread'' (1892) by

* '' Anarchy Defended by Anarchists'' (1896) by

Emma Goldman Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 – May 14, 1940) was a Russian-born Anarchism, anarchist revolutionary, political activist, and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europ ...

and Johann Most ; (1914–1984) *'' Anarchism: From Theory to Practice'' (1965) by Daniel Guérin ; (1985–present) * '' Listen, Anarchist!'' (1987) by Chaz Bufe * '' Anarchy Alive!'' (2007) by Uri Gordon * '' The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism'' (2019) by

Ruth Kinna Ruth Ellen Kinna (born March 1961) is a historian and theorist of anarchism. She is Professor of Political Philosophy in the Department of Politics, History and International Relations of Loughborough University. She is also one of the two co-e ...

Non-anarchists influential on anarchism

Places named after anarchists

* Action Directe (climb), Germany * Anarchist Mountain, Canada * Collège Louise-Michel in Paris, France * Doctor Moisés Bertoni, Paraguay * Dorothy Day homeless shelter, United States * Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico * Fred Hollows Reserve, Australia * Haymarket Martyrs' Monument, USA * Georg von Rauch Haus, Germany * Golets Kropotkin, Russia * Louise Michel station, France * Kropotkin, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia * Kropotkin, Krasnodar Krai, Russia * Kropotkin Range, Russia * Kropotkinskaya, Russia * Medical University of Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Bulgaria * Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library, Hungary * Mount Kropotkin, Antarctica * Parc Georges-Brassens, France * Práxedis G. Guerrero Municipality, Mexico * Práxedis Gilberto Guerrero, Chihuahua, Mexico * Red Emma's, United States * Ricardo Flores Magón metro station, Mexico * Scientific Monument Moises Bertoni, Paraguay * Soviet monitor Zhelezniakov, Ukraine * Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico * Tolstoy, United States

Related philosophies

Absurdism Absurdism is the philosophical theory that the universe is irrationality, irrational and meaningless. It states that trying to find meaning leads people into conflict with a seemingly meaningless world. This conflict can be between Rationality ...

Existentialism Existentialism is a family of philosophical views and inquiry that explore the human individual's struggle to lead an authentic life despite the apparent absurdity or incomprehensibility of existence. In examining meaning, purpose, and valu ...

Libertarian socialism Libertarian socialism is an anti-authoritarian and anti-capitalist political current that emphasises self-governance and workers' self-management. It is contrasted from other forms of socialism by its rejection of state ownership and from other ...

Democratic confederalism Democratic confederalism (), also known as Kurdish communalism, Öcalanism, or Apoism, is a political concept theorized by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan about a system of democratic self-organization with the features o ...

Neozapatismo Neozapatismo or Neozapatism (sometimes simply Zapatismo) is the political philosophy and practice devised and employed by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (, EZLN), who have instituted governments in a Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipa ...

Nihilism Nihilism () encompasses various views that reject certain aspects of existence. There have been different nihilist positions, including the views that Existential nihilism, life is meaningless, that Moral nihilism, moral values are baseless, and ...

* PanarchismP. E. de Puydt
"Panarchy"
First published in French in the Revue Trimestrielle, Bruxelles, July 1860. *

Voluntaryism Voluntaryism (,"Voluntaryism"
. '' Anti-anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state ...

--> *

Anti-globalization The anti-globalization movement, or counter-globalization movement, is a social movement critical of economic globalization. The movement is also commonly referred to as the global justice movement, alter-globalization movement, anti-globalist ...

Globalization Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, th ...

Anti-fascism Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were op ...

Anti-war An anti-war movement is a social movement in opposition to one or more nations' decision to start or carry on an armed conflict. The term ''anti-war'' can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conf ...

Civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' political freedom, freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and ...

Labour movement The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considere ...

* Tax resistance

Footnotes

External links

*
Anarchism
, entry from the ''

Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is a 29-volume reference work, an edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. It was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. So ...

'', (1910) by

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchism Outlines of philosophy topics

Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...