This is a list of active

separatist Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seekin ...

movements in

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

. Separatism can include

autonomism Autonomism or ''autonomismo'', also known as autonomist Marxism or autonomous Marxism, is an anti-capitalist social movement and Marxist-based theoretical current that first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist ...

and

secession Secession is the formal withdrawal of a group from a Polity, political entity. The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal i ...

ism, despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an

autonomist Autonomism or ''autonomismo'', also known as autonomist Marxism or autonomous Marxism, is an anti-capitalist Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and Political movement, movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose ...

or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: # They are active movements with active members. # They are seeking greater autonomy or

self-determination Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage. Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international la ...

for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). # They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto'' state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. ( Excluding Uncontacted peoples) * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. ** De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. ** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. ** Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. ** Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. ** Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. **

Ethnic An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, re ...

/ ethno-religious/

racial Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of va ...

regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

religious Religion is a range of social- cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural ...

group(s).

Afghanistan

South Turkestan * Ethnic group:

Uyghurs The Uyghurs,. alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central Asia and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as the ti ...

Tajiks Tajiks (; ; also spelled ''Tadzhiks'' or ''Tadjiks'') is the name of various Persian-speaking Eastern Iranian groups of people native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Even though the term ''Tajik'' ...

Uzbeks The Uzbeks () are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakhs, Kazakh and Karakalpaks, Karakalpak ...

Turkmens Turkmens (, , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan. Sizeable groups of Turkmens are found also in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, ...

, and other

Turkic peoples Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members ...

** Proposed state: Southern Turkestan ** Militant organisations: Turkestan Freedom Tigers

Azerbaijan

;Autonomist movements Azerbaijan districts Talysh-Mughan

Territory of the short-lived

Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic Talysh-Mughan, officially known as the Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic ( Talysh: Толъш-Мъғонә Мохтарә Республикә, ''Tolış-Mığonə Muxtara Respublika''), was a short-lived autonomous republic in Azerbaijan that l ...

* People:

Talysh people The Talysh people (, ) or Talyshis, Talyshes, Talyshs, Talishis, Talishes, Talishs, Talesh are an Iranian ethnic group, with the majority residing in Azerbaijan and a minority in Iran. They are the indigenous people of the Talish, a region ...

** Proposed: greater autonomy within the borders of Azerbaijan ** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement ** Government in exile:

Bangladesh

Flag of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Shanti Bahini

Chittagong Hill Tracts The Chittagong Hill Tracts (), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, refers to the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Kh ...

* Ethnic group:

Jumma people The term ''Jumma'' (from Jhum cultivation, ), also called ''Pahari'' () by Bengalis, usually referred to the indigenous tribal peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh. They include the Chakma, Arakanese (Rakhine), Marma, T ...

** Proposed: Autonomy for the

** Political parties: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti, United People's Democratic Front Flag of the Kuki people

Zale'n-gam The demand for a Kuki State has been spearheaded by the Kuki State Demand Committee in Manipur, India, since 2010. Various names for the proposed state have been mentioned, such as Zale'n-gam (or Zalengam, the "land of freedom"), Zogam ("Zo or Zo ...

* Ethnic group: Kuki ** Proposed state: Flag of the Kuki people

** Militant organisation: Kuki National Army, Kuki-Chin National Front ** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation Zogam (Parts of

Chittagong hill tracts The Chittagong Hill Tracts (), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, refers to the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Kh ...

) * Ethnic group:

Zomi Zomi is a collective identity adopted by some of the Kuki-Chin language-speaking people in India and Myanmar. The term means " Zo people". The groups adopting the Zomi identity reject the conventional labels " Kuki" and "Chin", popularised durin ...

** Proposed state: Zogam ** Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC: previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads ...

* Ethnic group:

** Proposed state:

East Turkestan East Turkestan or East Turkistan (, : , : ), is a loosely-defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China, on the cross roads of East and Central Asia. The term was coined in the 19th century by Russi ...

** Government-in-exile: East Turkistan Government-in-Exile ** Militant organizations:

Turkistan Islamic Party The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) is an Uyghur Islamic extremist organization founded in Pakistan by Hasan Mahsum. Its stated goals are to establish an Islamic state in Xinjiang and Central Asia. The Chinese government asserts that the T ...

, East Turkestan Liberation Organization ** Advocacy group: World Uyghur Congress, Campaign For Uyghurs, East Turkistan National Awakening Movement

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

* Ethnic group: Han Chinese of Hong Kong ** Proposed state:

or reunification with the as an

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, belonging or connected to a particular country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually a geographic area which has not been granted the powers of self-government, ...

** Political parties: Youngspiration, Hong Kong Indigenous, Hong Kong National Party, Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence, Hong Kong Independence Party

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

* Ethnic group:

Tibetan people Tibetans () are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group Indigenous peoples, native to Tibet. Their current population is estimated to be around 7.7 million. In addition to the majority living in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, sig ...

** Proposed state:

(includes all of Xizang and parts of

Qinghai Qinghai is an inland Provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. It is the largest provinces of China, province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xin ...

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

Gansu Gansu is a provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibetan Plateau, Ti ...

, and

Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

) ** Government-in-exile:

Central Tibetan Administration The Central Tibetan Administration (, , ) is the government-in-exile of Tibet, based in Dharamshala, India. It comprises a judiciary branch, a legislative branch, and an executive branch, and offers support and services to the Tibetan exile c ...

** Advocacy groups:

Tibetan Youth Congress The Tibetan Youth Congress (TYC) is an international non-governmental organization that advocates the independence of Tibet from China. With around 30,000 members in the Tibetan diaspora, it is the largest of the pro-independence organizations of ...

, International Tibet Independence Movement

Minor movements

Shanghainese nationalism * Cantonese nationalism, * Flag_of_the_Basuria_independence_movement

Bashu nationalism * Inner Mongolian independence movement

Georgia

Territory of the former

Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Abkhaz ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR. It came into existence in February 1931, when the Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR A ...

* Ethnic group:

Abkhazians The Abkhazians or Abkhazes are a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, th ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members) *** Political organization: Government of Abkhazia *** Militant organization: Abkhazian Armed Forces Territory of the former

South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (; ka, სამხრეთ ოსეთის ავტონომიური ოლქი, tr; ) was an autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union created within the Georgian SSR on April 20, 1922. It was an ...

* Ethnic group:

Ossetians The Ossetians ( or ; ),Merriam-Webster (2021), s.v"Ossete" also known as Ossetes ( ), Ossets ( ), and Alans ( ), are an Iranian peoples, Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern side ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members) *** Political organization:

Government of South Ossetia The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the partially recognised Republic of South Ossetia. Executive branch South Ossetia's head of state is the president, the current president is Alan Gagloev. The hea ...

*** Militant organization:

Armed Forces of South Ossetia The Armed Forces of South Ossetia is the military of the partially recognised state of South Ossetia. It includes an Army and an Air Corps. The South Ossetian Army was formed in 1992, and is the primary defense force in the breakaway republic of ...

Javakheti Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk (, ''Javakhk'')' is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Turkey's Ardahan ...

* Ethnic group:

Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti ( , ) are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia. The southern part of the region (Javakheti) borders Armenia to the south. Here, ethnic A ...

** Proposed autonomous region: Javakhk (Javakheti) ** Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

India

;Separatist movements

Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic group:

Assamese people The Assamese people are a socio- ethnic linguistic identity that has been described at various times as nationalistic or micro-nationalistic. This group is often associated with the Assamese language, the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, an ...

** Militant organizations: Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom

United Liberation Front of Asom The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) is an armed separatist insurgent organisation, that operates in the Indian state of Assam. It seeks to establish an independent sovereign nation state of Assam for the indigenous Assamese people throu ...

Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam

Nagaland Nagaland () is a States and union territories of India, state in the northeast India, north-eastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south, and the Naga Sel ...

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nagalim The Nagalim movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a country for the Naga people in the Naga-majority areas of the Indian states of Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh and the Naga Self-Administered Zone of the Sagaing ...

** Ethnic group:

Naga people Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland ...

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

National Socialist Council of Nagaland The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Naga militant and separatist group operating mainly in Northeast India, northeastern part of India, with minor activities in northwest Myanmar. The main aim of the organisation is reportedly ...

Kashmir Kashmir ( or ) is the Northwestern Indian subcontinent, northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term ''Kashmir'' denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir P ...

* Proposed: independence or autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir from

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

or unification with Flag of Pakistan

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

** Ethnic group:

Kashmiri Muslims Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan ...

** Political organizations:

All Parties Hurriyat Conference All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) is an alliance of several political, social and religious organizations formed on 9 March 1993, as a united political front to raise the cause of Kashmiri independence in the Kashmir conflict. Mehmood Ahm ...

, Jammu & Kashmir Ittihadul Muslimeen ** Political parties (autonomy):

Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference The Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference is a political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India, founded by Abdul Ghani Lone and Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari in 1978. It is currently led by Sajjad Lone. It won two seats in the 2014 Jammu and Ka ...

Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The PDP was headed and founded by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed. His daughter, Mehbooba Mufti, succeeded him as party leader and as chief ...

Jammu & Kashmir National Conference The Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) is a regional political party in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir union territory and Ladakh. Founded as the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference by ...

** Militant organizations:

Lashkar-e-Taiba Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) is a Pakistani Islamism, Islamist militant organization driven by a Salafi jihadism, Salafi jihadist ideology. The organisation's primary stated objective is to merge the whole of Kashmir with Pakistan. It was founded in 19 ...

Hizbul Mujahideen Hizbul Mujahideen, also spelled Hizb-ul-Mujahidin (, ), is a Pakistan-based Islamist separatist militant organisation that has been engaged in the Kashmir insurgency since 1989. It aims to separate Kashmir from India and merge it with Pakist ...

, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Kamtapur * Proposed state: Kamtapur or becoming a state of India ** Ethnic group: Rajbanshi people ** Political parties (statehood): Kamtapur People's Party ** Militant organization: Flag of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Flag of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Kamtapur Liberation Organisation The Kamtapur Liberation Organisation ( KLO) is a militant organisation based in Northeast India whose objective is to separate the Kamtapur nation from West Bengal and Assam. The proposed state is to comprise all districts in West Bengal and f ...

Kukiland * Proposed state:

** Ethnic group: Flag of the Kuki people

Bnei Menashe ** Militant organisation: Kuki National Army ** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation

Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...

* Proposed state: Flag of Kangleipak

** Ethnic groups: Meitei, Pangal, Naga ** Government-in-exile: Manipur State Council ** Militant organizations: Bandera UNLF

United National Liberation Front The United National Liberation Front (UNLF), also known as the United National Liberation Front of Manipur, is a separatist Meitei insurgent group active in the state of Manipur in Northeast India which aims at establishing a sovereign and so ...

People's Liberation Army of Manipur The People's Liberation Army of Manipur (PLA-MP or PLAM), often shortened to the People's Liberation Army, is a Separatism, separatist militant group fighting for the creation of an independent and socialist Manipur, a state in northeastern Ind ...

Kangleipak Communist Party, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak,

Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (or Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup, trans.: "the Organisation to save the revolutionary movement in Manipur") is a Meitei insurgent group that operates in the state of Manipur in India. It was formed in January 1994 by a facti ...

Maoist Communist Party of Manipur

Punjab, India Punjab () is a States and union territories of India, state in northwestern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian states ...

* Proposed state:

Khalistan ** Ethnic group:

Punjabi Sikhs Punjabi Sikhs are ethnic Punjabis who adhere to Sikhism. They are the second-largest religious group amongst Punjabis after the Punjabi Muslims, who predominantly inhabit Pakistani Punjab. Punjabi Sikhs form the largest religious community i ...

** Militant organizations: Babbar Khalsa, Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan,

Khalistan Commando Force The Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) is a Sikh Khalistani militant organisation operating in the state of Punjab, India with prominent members based in Canada, United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a Sikh independent stat ...

Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force, ISYF, AISSF, International Sikh Youth Federation, Waris Punjab De

Meghalaya Meghalaya (; "the abode of clouds") is a states and union territories of India, state in northeast India. Its capital is Shillong. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the Assam: the United Khasi Hills an ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic groups:

Khasi people The Khasi people are an Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic Ethnicity, ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam and in certain parts of Bangladesh. Khasi people form the ...

, Pnar people ** Militant organization:

Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council The Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (abbreviated HNLC) is a militant organization operating in Meghalaya, India. It claims to represent the Khasi- Jaintia tribal people, and its aim is to free Meghalaya from the alleged domination of ...

** Advocacy group: Seng-Khasi

Seng Khasi Movement

Sikkim Sikkim ( ; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Koshi Province of Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the ...

Ethnic groups: Drejongpas, Lepcha *Proposed state:

Kingdom of Sikkim The Kingdom of Sikkim (Classical Tibetan and , ''Drenjong'', , ''Sikimr Gyalkhab'') officially Dremoshong (Classical Tibetan and ) until the 1800s, was a hereditary monarchy in the Eastern Himalayas which existed from 1642 to 16 May 1975 ...

*Political party:

Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (translation: ''Sikkim Revolutionary Front'') is a political party in the Indian state of Sikkim which is the ruling party of Sikkim since 2019. Prem Singh Tamang, P.S. Golay, a member of the Sikkim Legislative Assembl ...

South India South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of ...

(includes

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is the southernmost States and union territories of India, state of India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of Indi ...

Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

, Puducherry,

Lakshadweep Lakshadweep () is a union territory of India. It is an archipelago of 36 islands divided into three island subgroups: the Amindivi Islands in the north, the Laccadive Islands (separated from Amindivi roughly by the 11th parallel north), and th ...

and

Telangana Telangana is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated in the Southern India, south-central part of the Indian subcontinent on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, ele ...

) *Ethnic groups: Dravidians (

Telugus Telugu people (), also called Āndhras, are an ethno-linguistic group who speak the Telugu language and are native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry. They are the most populous of the four ...

Tamils The Tamils ( ), also known by their endonym Tamilar, are a Dravidian peoples, Dravidian ethnic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Tamil language is o ...

Kannadigas The Kannadigas or Kannadigaru (), often referred to as Kannada people, are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who natively speak Kannada, primarily in the south Indian state of Karnataka and its surrounding regions. The Kannada language belongs ...

Malayalis The Malayali people (; also spelt Malayalee and sometimes known by the demonym Keralite) are a Dravidian languages, Dravidian ethnolinguistic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India, ...

Tuluvas The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts ...

) **Proposed state: Flag of Dravida Nadu

Dravida Nadu The Dravida Nadu movement was a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for the Dravidians by establishing a sovereign state in the predominantly Dravidian-speaking southern regions of British India consisting of Telangana, Andhra Prad ...

**Political party:

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (; ; DMK) is an Indian political party based in the state of Tamil Nadu, where it is currently the ruling party, and the union territory of Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry, where it is currently the main ...

(DMK)

Tripura Tripura () is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a populat ...

*Proposed state: Tipraland **Ethnic group:

Tripuri people The Tripuri people (Kokborok language, Kókborok: ''Tripuri dópha rok''), also known as Tripura, Tipra, Twipra, Tipperah, are a Tibeto-Burman-speaking ethnic group of Northeast India, Indian state of Tripura and Bangladesh. They are the descend ...

**Political parties: Tipra Motha Party, Tipraland State Party,

Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra The Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (abbr. INPT) was a political party in the Indian state of Tripura. Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl was the president of the party. It merged with the Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Alliance (TIPRA) party on 11 ...

**Militant organisation: National Liberation Front of Tripura,

All Tripura Tiger Force The All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) was a Tripuri nationalist militant group active in India's Tripura State. It was founded on 11 July 1990, by a group of former Tripura National Volunteer members under the leadership of Ranjit Debbarma. ...

Mizoram Mizoram is a states and union territories of India, state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its Capital city, capital and largest city. It shares 722-kilometres (449 miles) of international borders with Bangladesh to the west, and Myanmar t ...

*Proposed state: Bandera de Mizoram

*Ethnic group:

Mizo people The Mizo people, historically called the Lushais, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group primarily from Mizoram in northeastern India. They speak Mizo, one of the state's official languages and its lingua franca. Beyond Mizoram, sizable Mizo commu ...

**Political parties:

Mizo National Front The Mizo National Front ( MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Government of India towards the famine situ ...

Zoram People's Movement The Zoram People's Movement (Abbreviation, abbreviated: ZPM) is an alliance of six regional parties formed under the leadership of Member of Legislative Assembly, MLA and former Indian Police Service, IPS Officer Lalduhoma. The party advocates for ...

, Hmar People's Convention Zogam (In

the claimed territories are: Barak Valley,

, East Jaintia Hills, Dima Hasao district and

Karbi Anglong district Karbi Anglong district is an District, administrative unit in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Assam. It is an autonomous district administered by the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) according to the provisions ...

) * Ethnic group:

** Proposed state: Zogam ** Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

* Ethnic group:

** Proposed State: Malabar ** Political Party: Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama ;Autonomist or statehood movements Rabha Hasong * State or extended autonomous area: Flag of Rabhaland

Rabha Hasong ** Ethnic group: Rabha people ** Militant organizations:

Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch (RJAM) is a regional political party in Assam, India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; ...

, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA), Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)

Gorkhaland The Gorkhaland Territorial Administration is a semi-autonomous council for the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal state in India. The GTA was formed in 2012 to replace the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, which was formed in 198 ...

* Ethnic group: Indian Gorkhas ** Proposal: creation of a separate autonomous

state within

** Political movement: GreenWhiteYellowFlag

Gorkhaland movement ** Political parties: Flag of Gurkhaland

Gorkha National Liberation Front Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) is a political party in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India. It was formed in 1980 by Subhash Ghisingh with the objective of demanding a Gorkhaland state within India. Early history Part of t ...

Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League,

Gorkha Janmukti Morcha The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) is a registered unrecognized political party, that campaigns for the creation of a separate state Gorkhaland within India, out of districts in the north of West Bengal. The party was launched on 7 October 2007. T ...

Ladakh Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a Kashmir#Kashmir dispute, dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India an ...

* Ethnic group:

Ladakhis Ladakhis, Ladakhi people, or Ladakspa are an ethnic group and first-language speakers of the Ladakhi language living in Ladakh in India and Tibet in China. A small number of Ladakhis are also found in Baltistan, Pakistan. History Ladakh has ...

** Proposed autonomous region:

Garo Hills The Garo Hills (IPA: ˈgɑ:ro:) are part of the Garo-Khasi range in the Meghalaya state of India. They are inhabited by the Garo people. It is one of the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests ecor ...

* Ethnic group: In garoland

Garo people The Garo people are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group who live mostly in the Northeast Indian state of Meghalaya, with a smaller number in neighbouring Bangladesh. They are the second-largest indigenous people in Meghalaya after the Khasi and c ...

** Proposal: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into an autonomous state of

** Political party:

Garo National Council The Garo National Council is a political party in Meghalaya in northeastern India which campaigns for the creation a new Indian state to be called Garoland, for the people The term "the people" refers to the public or Common people, common ...

Bundelkhand Bundelkhand (, ) is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central and North India. It corresponds to the Post-Vedic Chedi kingdom. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Prad ...

* Ethnic group: Bundelkhandi ** Proposal: making the region of

into a state of

** Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha

Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the west Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Forming the eastern part of the state, it comprises Amravati Division, Amrav ...

* Ethnic group:

Marathi people The Marathi people (; Marathi language, Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They ...

** Proposal: separation of

from the state of

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

** Political party: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti

and

* Ethnic group: Telugu ** Proposed autonomous region: Teluguland ** Political Parties:

Telugu Desam Party The Telugu Desam Party (TDP; ) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the Federated state, states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu cinema, Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 a ...

Goa Goa (; ; ) is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is bound by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north, and Karnataka to the ...

* Ethnic group:

Goans Goans ( Romi Konkani: , ) is the demonym used to describe the people native to Goa, India, formerly part of Portuguese India (''Estado Português da Índia''). They form an ethno-linguistic group resulting from the assimilation of Indo-Aryan, ...

** Proposed autonomous region:

** Political party: Niz Goenkar Revolution Front

Jammu region The Jammu division (; ) is a revenue and administrative division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kash ...

* Ethnic group: Dogri people ** Proposal: separation of the Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir

from Jammu and Kashmir as a separate state within india ** Political party: Ikkjutt Jammu

Bodoland The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an Autonomous administrative divisions of India, autonomous division in Assam, India, and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Assam, proposed state in Northeast India. It is made up of five ...

* Ethnic group:

Bodo people The Boro (बर'/बड़ो ), also called Bodo, are a Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman speaking ethnolinguistic group native to the state of Assam in India. They are a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari people, Bodo-Kachari family of e ...

** Proposal: statehood for Bandera Bodoland

** Political party: Front Nacional Democratic Bodoland

Bodo National Students Union

Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north ...

* Ethnic group:

Munda people The Munda people are an Austroasiatic-speaking ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They speak Mundari as their native language, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found mainly concentrated in ...

Santal people The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic-speaking Munda peoples, Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found ...

** Proposal:

** Political party:

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (; ) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy. Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state ...

Indonesia

Aceh Aceh ( , ; , Jawi script, Jawoë: ; Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, Old Spelling: ''Atjeh'') is the westernmost Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern end of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capit ...

* Ethnic group: Acehnese ** Proposed state: Flag of Free Aceh Movement

** Militant organisation:

Free Aceh Movement The Free Aceh Movement (, GAM; ) was a separatism, separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra, Indonesia. GAM fought against Indonesian government forces in the Insurgency in Aceh, Aceh insurgency from 1976 to 2005. E ...

(negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters) ** Advocacy group: Aceh–Sumatra National Liberation Front (Member of the

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 at the Peace Pal ...

)

Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...

* Ethnic group: Balinese ** Proposed autonomous area or state:

** Advocacy group: Bali government, ForBALI Maluku * Ethnic group:

Moluccans Moluccans are the Melanesian- Austronesian and Papuan-speaking ethnic groups indigenous to the Maluku Islands (also called the Moluccas). The region was historically known as the Spice Islands, and today consists of two Indonesian provinces o ...

* Proposed state: Flag_of_South_Moluccas

South Moluccas ** Government-in-exile: Republic of South Moluccas (member of the

) ** Advocacy group: Maluku Sovereignty Front

Minahasa Peninsula The Minahasa Peninsula, also spelled Minahassa, or the Northern Sulawesi Peninsula is one of the four principal peninsulas on the Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between ...

* Ethnic group: Minahasan ** Proposed state: Flag of the Minahasan People

Greater Minahasa

Riau Riau (Jawi script, Jawi: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of the island of Sumatra, and extends from the eastern slopes of the Barisan Mountains to the Malacca Strait, including s ...

* Ethnic group:

Riau Malays Riau Malays (Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , ''Melayu Riau'') are a sub-group of Malays (ethnic group), Malays native to Riau and the Riau Islands province of eastern Sumatra, Indonesia. They only make up 29% of Riau Island population, while in Riau, the ...

** Proposed state: Flag of Riau Independists

or unification with ** Advocacy group: Free Riau Movement

Iran

Khūzestān Province Khuzestan province () is one of the 31 Provinces of Iran. Located in the southwest of the country, the province borders Iraq and the Persian Gulf, covering an area of . Its capital is the city of Ahvaz. Since 2014, it has been part of Iran's ...

* Ethnic group: Khuzestani Arabs ** Proposed state: Flag of Arabistan

Al-Ahwaz ** Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front,

National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz The National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz (; abbreviated NLMA) is an Arab nationalist and separatist organization whose goal is to establish an independent state called Ahwaz in Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) ...

, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz ** Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the

)

Iranian Kurdistan Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan () is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds. Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan province, Kurdistan province, Kermanshah pr ...

(

Irredentism Irredentism () is one State (polity), state's desire to Annexation, annex the territory of another state. This desire can be motivated by Ethnicity, ethnic reasons because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to or the same as the ...

) * Ethnic groups:

Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

** Proposed state: Flag of Kurdistan

Kurdistan ** Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the

) ** Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan, Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan, Komalah Azerbaijan (Iran), Iranian Azerbaijan *Ethnic groups: Iranian Azerbaijanis ** Proposed state: Whole Azerbaijan, South Azerbaijan or unification with **Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement, Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization Turkemenshara Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Balochistan * Ethnic group: Baloch people, Balochs ** Proposed state: BRA flag

Balochistan along with Balochistan, Pakistan and Baloch people, Baloch majority territories in Afghanistan ** Militant organisations: Jundallah (Iran), Jundallah (Historical), Jaish ul-Adl (Currently Active)

Iraq

Proposed state: * Ethnic group:

* Current ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan ** Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the

) ** Militant organisation: Peshmerga * Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains#Creation of an autonomous province, Nineveh Plains ** Ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrians *** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the

), Assyria Liberation Party *** Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units *** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe * Proposed autonomous area: Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq#Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region, Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region ** Ethnic groups: Assyrian people, Assyrians, Iraqi Turkmen, Turkmen, Yazidis *** Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization Proposed state: Basra Governorate, Basra *Current ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' autonomous region: Flag of Basra Governorate

Basra Governorate **Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the Dhi Qar Governorate, Dhi Qar and Maysan Governorate, Maysan governorates as an autonomous region or total independence Turkmeneli * Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen ** Proposed autonomous region or state: Turkmeneli ** Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the

) Sinjar District * Ethnic group: Yazidis ** Proposal: autonomy for the Sinjar District, Sinjar region, including the Sinjar Mountains ** Political parties:

Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress flag

Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance

Israel

West Bank and the Gaza Strip * People: Palestinians ** ''De jure'' state: (recognized by International recognition of the State of Palestine, 147 UN member states) *** Proposal: Two-state solution, recognition of Palestine as an independent sovereign state with Jerusalem as its capital. *** Political organization: Government of Palestine, Government of the Gaza Strip *** Militant organization: Palestinian National Security Forces, Palestine Liberation Army, Palestinian Joint Operations Room

Japan

Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa * Ethnic group: Ryukyuan people, Ryukyuan ** Proposed state or autonomous area: Ryukyu independence flag

Ryukyu independence movement, Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom ** Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly ** Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement ** Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.

Kazakhstan

file:North Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan.svg, 280px, Map of North Kazakhstan North Kazakhstan Region and other Russians in Kazakhstan, ethnic Russian parts of Kazakhstan * ethnic group: Russians in Kazakhstan ** proposed: independence for the Russians in Kazakhstan

Laos

Luang Prabang province, Northern Laos * Ethnic group: Hmong people ** Proposed state or autonomous area: ChaoFa Hmong ** Organization: Congress of World Hmong People

Malaysia

Sarawak for Sarawakians sticker on a car backscreen

Sarawak * Ethnic groups: Malaysian Chinese, Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sarawak) * Proposed state: Sarawak ** Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement ** Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang Sabah * Ethnic groups: Malaysian Chinese, Chinese and indigenous people, (See Demographics of Sabah) * Proposed state: Sabah ** Advocacy groups: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM) * Ethnic groups: Malays (ethnic group)#Sub-ethnic groups, Ethnic Johor Malay and Johoreans ** proposed state:

Myanmar

Rakhine State, Arakan * Ethnic group: Rakhine people, Rakhine ** Proposed state: Flag of Rakhine

Rakhine State, Arakan State ** Advocacy groups: National United Party of Arakan, Arakan Independence Alliance **Militant organizations: Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State) Flag of Chin State

Chin State * Ethnic group: Chin people, Chin * De Facto State: Chinland Flag_of_the_Chin_National_Front

* Political Party: Chin National Front ** Militant organisation: Chin National Army (member of the

)

Kawthoolei * Ethnic group: Karen people, Karen ** Proposed state: Kawthoolei Flag of the Karen National Union

** Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army ** Advocacy group: Karen National Union Flag of Kayah State

Karenni State, Karenni * Ethnic group: Karenni people, Karenni ** Proposed state: Kayah State Flag of Kayah State

** Militant organisation: Karenni Army ** Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the

) ** Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

Kokang * Ethnic group: Kokang people (ethnic Han Chinese) ** Proposed state: Kokang people, Kokang Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

** Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army Mon State * Ethnic group: Mon (ethnic group), Mon ** Proposed state: Mon State, Monland ** Political party: New Mon State Party Rohingya flag

Northern Rakhine State * Ethnic group: Rohingya people, Rohingya ** Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Rohingya Solidarity Organization ** Advocacy groups: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation, Rohingya National Council Shan States * Ethnic group: Shan people, Shan (member of the

) ** Proposed state: Federated Shan States, Shan Republic ** Political party: Shan Democratic Union ** Militant organisation: Shan State Army ** Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State ** Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States Pa'O people, Pa'O * Proposed state: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa'O Self-Administered Zone ** Ethnic group: Pa'O people, Pa'O ** Militant organisation: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa-O National Liberation Army Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone, Palaung * Proposed state: Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone ** Ethnic group: Palaung people, Palaung ** Militant organisation: Palaung State Liberation Army Wa State * Ethnic group: Wa people, Wa ** Proposed/de facto State: Wa State United Wa State Army flag

** Political party: Flag of the United Wa State Party

United Wa State Party ** Militant organisation: United Wa State Army flag

United Wa State Army Flag of the Kuki people

* Ethnic group: Kuki ** Proposed state: Flag of the Kuki people

** Militant organisation: Kuki National Army ** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation Zogam * Ethnic group:

** Proposed state: Zogam ** Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

** Ethnic group:

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Kachin state * ethnic group: Kachin people ** proposed state: Kachin state ** militant organization: Kachin Independence Army

Nepal

Kirat Autonomous State * Ethnic group: Kirati people, Kiratis ** Proposed state: Kirat ** Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

Madhesh Province, Madhesh * Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples (including Maithils, Bhojpuri people, Bhojpuris and Tharu people, Tharus). ** Proposed state: Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

Madhesh Province, Madhesh ** Militant organisations: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF) ** Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2021), Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party, Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (2007), Terai Madhes Sadbhavana Party

Pakistan

Azad Kashmir * Proposed: secession of Azad Kashmir from ** Ethnic groups:

, Kashmiris ** Political party: Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Gilgit Baltistan * Proposed: autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan ** Ethnic groups: Baltis, Shina people, Shins ** Political party: Flag of Balawaristan

Balawaristan National Front (Naji) Flag of Balochistan

Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan * Ethnic group: Baloch people, Balochs ** Proposed state: BRA flag

Balochistan along with Sistan and Baluchestan of Iran and Balochistan, Afghanistan, some parts of Afghanistan ** Political parties: Baloch National Movement, Baloch Republican Party, Free Balochistan Movement (member of the

) ** Militant organisations: Baloch Liberation Army, Baloch Liberation Front, Baloch Nationalist Army, Balochistan Liberation United Front, Lashkar-e-Balochistan, United Baloch Army, Balochistan Republican Army Flag of Sindh

Sindh * Ethnic group: Sindhis, Sindhi ** Proposed state: Flag of Sindhudesh

Sindhudesh ** Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party ** Student organization: Jeay Sindh Students' Federation, Jeay Sindh Studdents' Federation ** Militant organization: Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army Pashtunistan * Ethnic group: Pashtuns, Pashtun ** Proposition: Advocating for the regional autonomy and increased Pashtun cultural expression ** Political party : Awami National Party, Taliban Karachi * Ethnic group: Muhajir (Pakistan), Muhajir ** Proposition: Autonomy for Jinnahpur or creation of a separate province for the Muhajirs ** Political Parties: Flag of MQM-Haqiqi

Mohajir Qaumi Movement Pakistan, Muttahida Qaumi Movement - London

Philippines

Sulu archipelago and parts of Zamboanga Peninsula * Ethnic groups: Moro people, Moro (Tausūg people, Tausūg, Banguingui people, Banguingui, Sama-Bajau, Yakan people, Yakan) ** Proposed state/autonomous area: Sultanate of Sulu, Bangsa Sūg Cordillera Administrative Region * Ethnic group: Igorot people, Igorot ** Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera ** Advocacy groups: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Cordillera People's Liberation Army, Cordillera Bodong Administration Other Islamic militants operating in Mindanao had goals to create an Islamic state in the Philippines, such as the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.

Russia

Siberia or Siberian Federal District * Ethnic group: Russians, Siberians (Siberian peoples) ** Proposed state or federal subject: Siberian Republic *** Militant organisation: Sibir Battalion of the Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine), Civic Council **** Advocacy groups: Siberian regionalism, Siberian regionalist groups, Civil Council * Ethnic group: Buryats ** Proposed state: or unification with Mongolia *** Advocacy groups: Free Buryatia Foundation Ural Federal District * Ethnic group: Russians ** Proposed state: Ural Republic ** Political parties: Ural Republic Movement, Free Ural, Ural Democratic Foundation * Ethnic group: Yakuts ** Proposed state: Yakutia *** Political party: Foundation Free Yakutia * Ethnic group: Tuvans ** Proposed state; Republic of Tyva *** Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front of Tuva

Sri Lanka

* Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamils ** Proposed state: ** Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam, List of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups, etc. ** Political parties: Tamil National Alliance, People's Front of Liberation Tigers ** Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam ** Advocacy groups: Global Tamil Forum, Tamil Youth Organisation, World Tamil Movement

Syria

De facto autonomous region: Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava) * Larger ethnic groups: Kurdish people, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrian people, Assyrians * Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Syrian Turkmen, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians ** Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council ** Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces Autonomist movements: Jabal al-Druze, Druze * Ethnic group: Druze people, Druze ** Proposed Autonomous Region: Jabal Druze State (Suwayda Governorate) or unification with (Quneitra Governorate) Flag of the Assyrians

Assyria * Ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrians ** Proposed state: Flag of the Assyrians

Assyria ** Political parties: Syriac Union Party (Syria), Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization ** Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro ** Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe,

Taiwan

The Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 11 Member states of the United Nations, United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an United Nations General Assembly observers, observer). Locator map of the ROC Taiwan

* Proposed state: Flag of World Taiwanese Congress

Taiwan independence movement, Republic of Taiwan ** Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism *** Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan five times; in 2000 Taiwanese presidential election, 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 Taiwanese presidential election, 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 Taiwanese presidential election, 2016 (until 2020), in 2020 Taiwanese presidential election, 2020 (until 2024), and in 2024 Taiwanese presidential election, 2024 (until 2028). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as Lai Ching-te, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". Some groups also exclude the Kinmen and Matsu Islands from their proposal. ** Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party ** Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence Taiwanese indigenous peoples * Ethnic group: Native Taiwanese ** Proposed: autonomy for the indigenous peoples of Taiwan ** Political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Thailand

Patani (historical region), Patani * Ethnic group: Thai Malays, Patani Malays ** Proposed state: Flag of Pattani

Pattani Sultanate, Pattani Darul Makrif, unification with ** Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Barisan Revolusi Nasional, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani **Advocacy group: Pelajar Bangsa

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan * Ethnic group:

** Proposed state: Flag of Kurdistan

Kurdistan ** Militant organisations: Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP) * Ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrians, Arab Christians ** Proposed state: ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party ** Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha ** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe * Ethnic group: Armenians ** Proposed state: or merger with ** Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party ** Advocacy groups: Armenian National Committee of America Zazaistan * Ethnic group: Zazas ** Proposed state: Zazaistan *** Political parties: Democracy Time Party *** Advocacy groups: Federation of Zaza Associations

Uzbekistan

* ethnic group: Karakalpaks ** proposed state:

Vietnam

Central Highlands (Vietnam) *Ethnic group: Montagnard (Vietnam), Montagnard **Proposed: autonomy or independence of the **Political organisations: Montagnard Foundation, Inc., United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (defunct), Montagnard Dega Association, Montagnard Human Rights Organization, United Montagnard People, M'Nong Bu-dang, Movement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam Hmong people, Hmong state * Ethnic group: Hmong people ** Proposed state or autonomous area: ChaoFa Hmong Mekong Delta and Southeast (Vietnam), South East Vietnam *Ethnic group: Khmer Krom **Proposed: Autonomy for the Khmer Krom **Political party: Flag of KKF

Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation, United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (Defunct)

Yemen

* Proposed state: Republic of South Arabia or Republic of South Yemen ** Political parties: Southern Movement, Southern Transitional Council ** Militant organisation(s): Security Belt, Shabwani Elite, Southern Giants Brigades **

group: Southern Yemenis Regions of Yemen map

* Proposed autonomous area: Hadhramaut Region ** De facto autonomous government: Hadramout National Council ** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. ** Political parties: Hadhramaut Tribal Alliance, Hadhrami League, ** Militant organisation(s): Hadhrami Elite Forces **

/ ethno-religious/

group(s): Hadharem, Mehri people, Mehri and Soqotri people, Socotran

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements in Asia, List Of Asia-related lists, Separatist Movements, Active Disputed territories in Asia, *Separatist Movements in Asia, Active Lists of active separatist movements, Asia Secessionist organizations in Asia,

Criteria

Afghanistan

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

China

Minor movements

Georgia

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Japan

Kazakhstan

Laos

Malaysia

Myanmar

Nepal

Pakistan

Philippines

Russia

Sri Lanka

Syria

Taiwan

Thailand

Turkey

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Yemen

See also

References