Linderniaceae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the order

Lamiales The Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order of flowering plants in the asterids clade of the Eudicots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification the order consists of 24 families, and includes about 23,810 species ...

, which consists of about 25

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

and 265 species occurring worldwide. It is commonly known as the false-pimpernel family. '' Vandellia micrantha'' is eaten in Laos, but tastes bitter. Best known are the wishbone flowers ''

Torenia fournieri ''Torenia fournieri'', the bluewings or wishbone flower, is an annual plant in the Linderniaceae, with blue, white, or pink flowers that have yellow markings. It is typically grown as a landscape annual, reaching 12–15 in. tall. It has simple op ...

'' and ''

Torenia thouarsii ''Torenia'' is a genus of plants now classified in the family Linderniaceae. Torenia has also been classified in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. Often called wishbone flowers, bluewings; in Hawaii nanioola'a or ola'a beauty, some species are ...

'', which are used as bedding plants, especially in the tropics. ''

Micranthemum ''Micranthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae. Its native range is Eastern USA to Tropical and Subtropical America. Species Species: *''Micranthemum arenarioides'' *''Micranthemum bryoides'' *''Micrant ...

'' is sold as an aquarium plant under the name 'baby tears'. In other classifications it used to be included within family

Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...

''sensu lato'' or more recently in

Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as Antirrhinum, snapdragon and Digitalis, foxglove. It is unrelated ...

''sensu lato'', but several authors have demonstrated that this taxon should be segregated Oxelman B., Kornhall, P., Olmstead, R. G. & Bremer, B. (2005). "Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae". ''Taxon'' 54(2):411–425. from those families, as Linderniaceae, and it has been recognized by LAPG II and

APG III The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a fur ...

. Recently a phylogeny has been published and two new Brazilian genera ''

Catimbaua ''Catimbaua'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Linderniaceae. It contains a single species, ''Catimbaua pendula''. It has pendant branches, greyish leaves and red flowers. The species occurs on steep cliffs in the Catimbau National Park in Pe ...

'' and ''

Isabelcristinia ''Isabelcristinia'' is a genus of shrubs in the family Linderniaceae containing a single species, ''Isabelcristinia aromatica''. It grows on rocky outcrops called inselbergs in north-eastern Brazil in the state of Pernambuco. It has upright bran ...

'' were recently added to the family. Studies on the family limits of Linderniaceae are pending.

List of genera

Compiled from sources GRIN: GRIN and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants: WCVP * ''

Ameroglossum ''Ameroglossum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae. It includes nine species native to northeastern Brazil, where they grow in moist forest enclaves on the region's mountains and plateaus.Maia Wanderley, A., Mendonça ...

'' Eb.Fisch., S.Vogel & A.V.Lopes * '' Artanema'' D.Don * '' Bampsia'' Lisowski & Mielcarek * ''

Bonnaya ''Bonnaya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae Linderniaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genus, genera and 265 species occurring worldwid ...

'' Link & Otto * '' Bythophyton''

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For 20 years he served as director of the Ro ...

* ''

'' L.P.Felix, Christenh. & E.M.Almeida * ''

Chamaegigas The genus ''Lindernia'' is a group of plants in the family Linderniaceae. They are native to warm regions in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. The genus name of ''Lindernia'' is in honour of Franz Balthasar von Lindern (1682–1755), Fren ...

'' Dinter ex Heil * ''

Craterostigma ''Craterostigma'' is a genus of shrub-like flowering plants in the family Linderniaceae, found in Africa, Madagascar, (island of) Socotra, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent, Sri Lanka, China, Southeast Asia and Java. The best studied ...

'' Hochst. - sometimes considered as part of ''Lindernia'' * '' Crepidorhopalon'' Eb.Fisch. * ''

Cubitanthus ''Cubitanthus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae, with one species ''Cubitanthus alatus''. It was previously placed in the Gesneriaceae, and , still is by some sources. Its native range is Northeaster ...

'' Barringer * ''

Dintera ''Dintera'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It contains just one species, ''Dintera pterocaulis'' Stapf, which comes from Namibia. The genus name of ''Dintera'' is in honour of Kurt Dinter (1868� ...

'' Stapf * '' Encopella'' Pennell * '' Hartliella'' Eb.Fisch. * '' Hemiarrhena''

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

* ''

'' L.P.Felix, Christenh. & E.M.Almeida * '' Legazpia'' Blanco (sometimes included in ''Torenia'') * ''

Lindernia The genus ''Lindernia'' is a group of plants in the family Linderniaceae. They are native to warm regions in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. The genus name of ''Lindernia'' is in honour of Franz Balthasar von Lindern (1682–1755), Fre ...

'' All. * '' Linderniella'' Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll. * ''

'' Michx. * '' Microcarpaea'' R.Br. * '' Picria'' Lour. * '' Pierranthus'' Bonati * '' Schizotorenia'' T.Yamaz. * '' Scolophyllum'' T.Yamaz. * '' Stemodiopsis''

Engl. Engl or Engl. may refer to: *England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more ...

* '' Torenia'' L. * ''Vandellia'' L. * '' Yamazakia'' W.R.Barker, Y.S.Liang & Wannan

References

Lamiales families {{Lamiales-stub