Lillehammer () is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

Innlandet Innlandet is a Counties of Norway, county in Norway. It was created on 1 January 2020 with the merger of the old counties of Oppland and Hedmark (Jevnaker Municipality and Lunner Municipality were transferred to the neighboring county of Viken ( ...

county,

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

. It is located in the traditional district of

Gudbrandsdal Gudbrandsdalen (; ) is a valley and traditional district in the Norwegian county of Innlandet (formerly Oppland). The valley is oriented in a north-westerly direction from Lillehammer and the lake of Mjøsa, extending toward the Romsdalen vall ...

. The

administrative centre An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgi ...

of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. Some of the more notable villages in the municipality include

Fåberg Fåberg is a List of former municipalities of Norway, former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until 1964 when it became part of Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county. The administrative c ...

Hunderfossen Hunderfossen is a village in Fåberg in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the west shore of the Gudbrandsdalslågen river, about north of the Lillehammer (town), town of Lillehammer. The small village features the Hunderfos ...

Jørstadmoen Jørstadmoen is a village in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located along the river Gudbrandsdalslågen, about northwest of Lillehammer. The village has a population (2021) of 661 and a population density Pop ...

Vingnes Vingnes is a village in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the west bank of lake Mjøsa, just across the Gudbrandsdalslågen river from the town of Lillehammer. The European route E6 highway runs thro ...

, and

Vingrom Vingrom is a village in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the lake Mjøsa, just north of the border with Gjøvik Municipality, and about south of the Lillehammer (town), town of Lillehammer. The E ...

. The municipality is the 211th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lillehammer is the 39th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 28,560. The municipality's

population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...

is and its population has increased by 6.4% over the previous 10-year period. The town of Lillehammer is the largest urban centre in the municipality. It lies in the central part of the municipality and it is surrounded by more rural areas. The town centre is a late nineteenth-century concentration of wooden houses, which enjoys a picturesque location overlooking the northern part of lake

Mjøsa Mjøsa is the largest lake in Norway and the fourth deepest in Norway and Europe. It is located in the southern part of Norway, about north of the city of Oslo. Its main tributary is the river Gudbrandsdalslågen flowing in from the north; the ...

and the river Lågen, surrounded by mountains. Lillehammer hosted the

1994 Winter Olympics The 1994 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games (; ) and commonly known as Lillehammer '94, were an international winter multi-sport event held from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer, Norway. Hav ...

and

2016 Winter Youth Olympics The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (; ), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lilleha ...

General information

The municipality was established on 1 January 1838 (see

formannskapsdistrikt () was the name of a Norwegian self-governing municipality. The name was used from the establishment these municipalities in 1838 until the name fell out of use in 1863. The municipalities had their legal basis from two laws enacted on 14 Jan ...

law). On 1 January 1906, a small adjacent area of the neighboring municipality of

(population: 140) was annexed by Lillehammer to make room for more expansion as the town grew. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the

Schei Committee The Schei Committee () was a committee named by the Government of Norway to look into the organization of municipalities in Norway post-World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a ...

. On 1 January 1964, the town of Lillehammer (population: 5,905) was merged with

Fåberg Municipality Fåberg is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Lillehammer Municipality in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdalen. The administ ...

(population: 13,381) to form a new, larger Lillehammer Municipality.

Name

The municipality (originally the

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...

) is named after the old ''Hamar'' farm () since the first

Lillehammer Church Lillehammer Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the town of Lillehammer. It is the church for the Lillehammer parish which is the seat of the Sør-Gudbrand ...

was built there. The name is identical with the word which means "stone" or "rocky hill". To distinguish it from the nearby town of

Hamar Hamar is a List of cities in Norway, town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet Counties of Norway, county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the Districts of Norway, traditional region of Hedmarken. ...

and

Diocese of Hamar The Diocese of Hamar () is a diocese within the Church of Norway. The Diocese of Hamar includes all of the churches in Innlandet county plus the churches in Lunner Municipality in Akershus county. Administratively, the diocese is divided into 1 ...

, it began to be called "little Hamar": and , and finally Lillehammer. It is also mentioned in the Old Norse

saga Sagas are prose stories and histories, composed in Iceland and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Scandinavia. The most famous saga-genre is the (sagas concerning Icelanders), which feature Viking voyages, migration to Iceland, and feuds between ...

s as ("Little Trading Place").

Coat of arms

The

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

was granted on 4 April 1898. The arms have are divided with a diagonal line. The

field Field may refer to: Expanses of open ground * Field (agriculture), an area of land used for agricultural purposes * Airfield, an aerodrome that lacks the infrastructure of an airport * Battlefield * Lawn, an area of mowed grass * Meadow, a grass ...

(background) above the line has a

tincture A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%.Groot Handboek Geneeskrachtige Planten by Geert Verhelst In chemistr ...

of blue. Below the line, the field has a tincture of

argent In heraldry, argent () is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it. In engravings and line drawings, regions to b ...

which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The

charge Charge or charged may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Charge, Zero Emissions/Maximum Speed'', a 2011 documentary Music * ''Charge'' (David Ford album) * ''Charge'' (Machel Montano album) * '' Charge!!'', an album by The Aqu ...

is a

birkebeiner The Birkebein Party or Birkebeinar (; (nynorsk) or (bokmål)) was the name for a rebellious party in Norway, formed in 1174 around the pretender to the Norwegian throne, Eystein Meyla. The name has its origins in propaganda from the establ ...

, carrying a spear and a shield, who is skiing down the mountainside under a blue sky. The design symbolizes the historical importance of when the Birkebeiners carried the future King Haakon from Lillehammer to Rena on skis. There is a

mural crown A mural crown () is a Crown (headgear), crown or headpiece representing city walls, fortified tower, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the ancient Rome, Romans ...

above the

escutcheon Escutcheon may refer to: * Escutcheon (heraldry), a shield or shield-shaped emblem, displaying a coat of arms * Escutcheon (furniture), a metal plate that surrounds a keyhole or lock cylinder on a door * (in medicine) the distribution of pubic ha ...

. The arms were designed by Andreas Bloch.

Churches

The

Church of Norway The Church of Norway (, , , ) is an Lutheranism, evangelical Lutheran denomination of Protestant Christianity and by far the largest Christian church in Norway. Christianity became the state religion of Norway around 1020, and was established a ...

has six parishes () within the municipality of Lillehammer. It is part of the

Sør-Gudbrandsdal prosti The list of churches in Hamar is a list of the Church of Norway churches in the Diocese of Hamar in Norway. It includes all of the parishes in Innlandet county plus the parishes in Lunner Municipality in Akershus county. The diocese is based at th ...

(

deanery A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of ...

) in the

History

The town of Lillehammer is located at the northern end of Norway's largest lake,

. There have likely been settlements here since the

Iron Age The Iron Age () is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progre ...

and the market here was mentioned in Håkon Håkonson's saga in 1390. It is also mentioned as a site for Thing assembly in 1390. Tradition states that it was here in Lillehammer where the

s Torstein Skjevla and Skjervald Skrukka joined up with the King's son (and future King), Haakon, in 1205 before they traveled to

Østerdalen Østerdalen () is a valley and Districts of Norway, traditional district in Innlandet county, in Eastern Norway. This area typically is described as the large Glåma river valley as well as all its tributary valleys. Østerdalen is often subdivide ...

(an event which is commemorated in March every year to this day). Since medieval times, the

has been located here. The town was granted market town rights on 7 August 1827. At that time, 50 people lived within the boundaries of the newly established town. This site was chosen because there were no other towns in all of Christians amt (county) and this site was located along the

Gudbrandsdalslågen The Gudbrandsdalslågen (or simply ''Lågen'') is a river which flows through the Gudbrandsdal valley in Innlandet county, Norway. The long river runs through a large valley in Eastern Norway before emptying into Mjøsa, the largest lake in Norw ...

river and the whole

valley was a major transportation route from the capital to northern Norway. Within two years of the establishment of the town, the population had risen to 360 people. The merchant Ludvig Wiese has been counted as the founder of the town (a statue of him was erected in the town in connection with the town's 100th anniversary in 1927). The laying of the main railway line from the capital in Christiania to

Eidsvoll Eidsvoll (; sometimes written as ''Eidsvold'') is a Municipalities of Norway, municipality in Akershus Counties of Norway, county, Norway. It is part of the Romerike Districts of Norway, traditional region. The administrative centre of the munic ...

was completed in 1852. This railway line was connected with steamships along the lake

which travelled to Lillehammer and from there a newly laid road made connections further up into the

Gudbrandsdalen Gudbrandsdalen (; ) is a valley and Districts of Norway, traditional district in the Norway, Norwegian county of Innlandet (formerly Oppland). The valley is oriented in a north-westerly direction from Lillehammer (town), Lillehammer and the lake ...

valley. This transport system made the transit of timber and agricultural goods from all over the county to the capital possible, and it contributed to the growth of the town of Lillehammer. In 1973,

Mossad The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (), popularly known as Mossad ( , ), is the national intelligence agency of the Israel, State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with M ...

killed a Moroccan waiter, having mistaken him for Palestinian terrorist

Ali Hassan Salameh Ali Hassan Salameh (, ; 1 April 1941 – 22 January 1979; code name: Abu Hassan) was a Palestinian militant who was the chief of operations for Black September and founder of Force 17. He was assassinated in January 1979 as part of an assass ...

, which became known as the ''

Lillehammer affair The Lillehammer affair (, ''Parshat Lillehammer'', Norwegian: ''Lillehammer-saken'') was the murder of Ahmed Bouchikhi, a Moroccan waiter and the brother of the French musician Chico Bouchikhi, by Mossad agents in Lillehammer, Norway, on 21 ...

''. Lillehammer is known as a typical venue for winter sporting events; it was host city of the

, and the

, and was part of a joint bid with applicant host city

Oslo Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...

to host events part of the

2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (2022), were an international winter multi-sport event held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China, and surrounding areas wit ...

until Oslo withdrew its bid on 1 October 2014. Lillehammer is home to the largest literature festival in the Nordic countries and, in 2017, was designated as a UNESCO

City of Literature UNESCO's City of Literature programme is part of the wider Creative Cities Network. The ''Network'' was launched in 2004, and now has member cities in seven creative fields. The other creative fields are: Crafts and Folk Arts, Design, Film ...

Education

A number of schools are located in Lillehammer, including the Hammartun Primary and Lower Secondary School, Søre Ål Primary School and Kringsjå Primary and Lower Secondary School. Lillehammer Upper Secondary School consists of two branches, North and South, both situated near the city center. The private high school

Norwegian College of Elite Sports Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *Norwegian language, including the two ...

, NTG, also has a branch in Lillehammer. The Lillehammer campus of

Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences The University of Inland Norway (also known as INN University, ) is a state university in Innlandet county, Norway. It was established in 2017 as the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, from the merger of the Hedmark University College ...

is situated just north of the town itself. Lillehammer is also the home of the

Nansen Academy The Nansen Academy – Norwegian Humanistic Academy () is a folk high school in Lillehammer, Norway. History Nansen Academy was founded as a humanist and anti-totalitarian institution. The school was named after polar explorer, scientist, author a ...

- the Norwegian Humanistic Academy. The Nansen Academy is an educational institution for adult students with varied political, religious, and cultural backgrounds. The Academy was founded on the core principles of

humanism Humanism is a philosophy, philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and Agency (philosophy), agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The me ...

and aims at strengthening the knowledge of these principles. The

14th World Scout Jamboree The 14th World Scout Jamboree was held from 29 July to 7 August 1975, and was hosted by Norway at Lillehammer, on the shore of the Gudbrandsdalslågen river. King Olav V and Crown Prince Harald opened "Nordjamb '75", as it became popularly ...

was held from 29 July to 7 August 1975 and was hosted by Norway at Lillehammer.

Government

Lillehammer Municipality is responsible for

primary education Primary education is the first stage of Education, formal education, coming after preschool/kindergarten and before secondary education. Primary education takes place in ''primary schools'', ''elementary schools'', or first schools and middle s ...

(through 10th grade), outpatient

health services Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement or maintenance of health via the preventive healthcare, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, wikt:amelioration, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other disability, physic ...

senior citizen Old age is the range of ages for people nearing and surpassing life expectancy. People who are of old age are also referred to as: old people, elderly, elders, senior citizens, seniors or older adults. Old age is not a definite biological sta ...

services,

welfare Welfare may refer to: Philosophy *Well-being (happiness, prosperity, or flourishing) of a person or group * Utility in utilitarianism * Value in value theory Economics * Utility, a general term for individual well-being in economics and decision ...

and other

social services Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged. Also available amachine-converted HTML They may be provided by individuals, private and i ...

zoning In urban planning, zoning is a method in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into land-use "zones", each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for ...

economic development In economics, economic development (or economic and social development) is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and object ...

, and municipal

road A road is a thoroughfare used primarily for movement of traffic. Roads differ from streets, whose primary use is local access. They also differ from stroads, which combine the features of streets and roads. Most modern roads are paved. Th ...

s and utilities. The municipality is governed by a

municipal council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough cou ...

of directly elected representatives. The

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...

indirectly elected An indirect election or ''hierarchical voting,'' is an election in which voters do not choose directly among candidates or parties for an office ( direct voting system), but elect people who in turn choose candidates or parties. It is one of the o ...

by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the

Vestre Innlandet District Court Vestre Innlandet District Court () was a district court located in Innlandet county, Norway. This court was based at four different courthouses which are located in Gjøvik, Fagernes, Lillehammer, and Vågåmo. The court is subordinate to the Eid ...

and the

Eidsivating Court of Appeal The Eidsivating Court of Appeal () is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Hamar, with jurisdiction over the Eidsivating judicial district (), comprising the counties of Innlandet, Østfold, a ...

Municipal council

The

of Lillehammer is made up of 39 representatives who are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political

party A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a Hospitality, host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will oft ...

Mayors

The

mayors In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...

() of Lillehammer: *1838–1843: Ludvig Wiese *1844–1844: Børre Henrik Børresen *1845–1845: Knut Torkilsen *1846–1846: Christen Andersen *1847–1847: Knut Torkilsen *1848–1848: Christian Plathe *1849–1849: Wilhelm Lorange *1850–1851: Hans Jensen Selmer *1852–1852: Wilhelm Lorange *1853–1853:

Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange (28 July 1808 – 8 September 1878) was a Norwegian teacher and politician.

*1854–1854: Wilhelm Lorange *1855–1855:

Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange (28 July 1808 – 8 September 1878) was a Norwegian teacher and politician.

*1856–1856: Karl Nilsen *1857–1857: Jakob Løkke *1858–1858: Karl Nilsen *1859–1859: Jakob Løkke *1860–1860: Wilhelm Lorange *1861–1863:

Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange (28 July 1808 – 8 September 1878) was a Norwegian teacher and politician.

*1864–1867: Karl Nilsen *1868–1868: Jess Severin Horster *1869–1871: Nikolai Gunnerius Bøhmer *1872–1872: Thorstein Lunde *1873–1873: Nikolai Gunnerius Bøhmer *1874–1876: O.J. Grundtvig *1877–1878: Karl Nilsen *1879–1880: Thorstein Lunde *1881–1889: Nikolai Gunnerius Bøhmer *1890–1892: Thorstein Lunde *1893–1895: Ingvald Schey *1896–1897: Axel Thallaug *1898–1899: E. Olsen-Berg *1900–1901: Simen Fougner *1902–1902: E. Olsen-Berg *1903–1904: Axel Thallaug *1905–1907: Ingvald Schey *1908–1908: Eiliv Fougner *1909–1910: O.A. Larsen *1911–1912: Simen Fougner *1913–1913: H. Lødrup *1914–1916: Simen Fougner *1917–1917: Olaf Formoe *1918–1918: Thomas Tallaksen *1919–1919: Arne Jensen *1920–1922: Axel Thallaug ( H) *1923–1928:

Johan Alfred Svendsen Johan Alfred Svendsen (4 September 1886 – 1954) was a Norwegian politician. He was born in Arendal to Gabriel Svendsen and Karen Sofie Røstad. He was elected representative to the Storting for the period 1931–1933 and 1934–1936, f ...

*1929–1931: Eilif Moe ( H) *1932–1932: Arne Jensen ( H) *1938–1940: Olaf Sanne ( H) *1940–1940:

Margit Haslund Margit Haslund (10 September 1885 – 3 September 1963) was a Norwegian women's advocate and local politician. Margit Løkke was born in Oslo. She sat in the city council in Lillehammer from 1928 to 1940, where she represented the Conservatives. ...

( H) *1941–1941: Peer Widding *1943–1943: Johannes Gadens *1945–1945: Olaf Sanne ( H) *1946–1954: Einar Hansen ( Ap) *1954–1959: Anton Andreassen ( Ap) *1960–1963: Erling Juell Aune ( Ap) *1964–1975: Magne Henriksen ( Ap) *1976–1981: Knut Korsæth ( Ap) *1982–1987: Arild Bakken ( Ap) *1987–1999:

Audun Tron Audun Tron (born 7 March 1945) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. From 1987 to 1999, Tron was the mayor of Lillehammer. As such he played a role in the 1994 Winter Olympics. During the first cabinet Stoltenberg, from 2000 to 2001, T ...

( Ap) *1999–2011: Synnøve Brenden Klemetrud ( Ap) *2011–2019:

Espen Johnsen Espen Johnsen (born 20 December 1979) is a retired Norwegian football goalkeeper. His brother Marius Johnsen is also a footballer, currently playing for Lillestrøm. Football career His career started at the local club Vigør. After a few yea ...

( Ap) *2019–2023:

Ingunn Trosholmen Ingunn Trosholmen (born 5 March 1976) is a Norwegian schoolteacher and politician for the Labour Party. She was elected deputy representative to the Storting from Oppland for the period 2017–2021. She has served as mayor of Lillehammer from ...

( Ap) *2023-present: Hans Olav Sundfør ( H)

Geography

Lillehammer is situated in the lower part of the

valley, at the northern end of lake

. It is located to the south of

Øyer Municipality Øyer is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the Traditional districts of Norway, traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tin ...

, to the southeast of

Gausdal Municipality Gausdal is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Segelstad bru. Other villages in Gausdal include Follebu, Forset, ...

, northeast of

Nordre Land Municipality Nordre Land is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Land. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dokka. Other villages in the municipality include Vest-Torpa, Nord-To ...

, to the north of

Gjøvik Municipality Gjøvik () is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Gjøvik. Some of the villages in Gjøvik include Biri, Bybrua, and Hunndalen. The municipality is the 169th largest by a ...

, and to the southeast of

Ringsaker Municipality Ringsaker () is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the Traditional districts of Norway, traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Br ...

. The mountain

Nevelfjell Nevelfjell is a mountain in Lillehammer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The tall mountain is the highest point in the municipality. The mountain sits about northeast of the town of Lillehammer, about to the south of the municipal bo ...

lies in the northeast part of the municipality.

Climate

Lillehammer has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

: ''Dfb'') and used to have a

subarctic climate The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of ...

(Köppen: ''Dfc''), with the Scandinavian mountain chain to the west and north limiting oceanic influences. The record high of was recorded in June 1970. The record low of was recorded in December 1978 and January 1979, and the same low was recorded in January 1987. There has been no overnight air frost in the month of August since 1978 with the record low for that month being . The coldest recorded temperature after 2000 is in January 2010. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below ) in spring is May 10 and average date for first freeze in autumn is September 30 (1981-2010 average) giving an average frost-free season of 142 days. The current weather station Lillehammer-Sætherengen became operational in 1982; extremes are also from two earlier weather stations in Lillehammer.

Populated places

Lillehammer Municipality is subdivided into the following populated places (i.e.: neighborhoods, quarters, villages, localities, settlements, communities, hamlets, etc.): * Søre Ål * Nordre Ål * Lillehammer Centre * Nybu * Vårsetergrenda * Røyslimoen *

* Rudsbygd * Saksumdal *

Nordseter Nordseter is a mountain cross country skiing area located in Fåberg in Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic islan ...

* Hovemoen * Busmoen

Economy

The basis for the economy of the municipality is its position as the northernmost point of the lake

and as the gateway for the

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

, through which the historical highway from

Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; ), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros, and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2022, it had a population of 212,660. Trondheim is the third most populous municipality in Norway, and is ...

passes. The

Mesna Mesna, sold under the brand name Mesnex among others, is a medication used in those taking cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide to decrease the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis, bleeding from the bladder. It is used either Oral administration, by mouth or ...

river has provided the basis for several small industries through the years, but Lillehammer is now all but industry-less. –

Media

The regional newspaper

Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen ''Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen'' is a Norwegian newspaper, published in Lillehammer in Innlandet county. It was formed by the merger of the Centre Party newspaper ''Gudbrandsdølen ''Gudbrandsdølen'' was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Lille ...

has its editorial office in Lillehammer. The main offices of the commercial radio channel

P4 Radio Hele Norge P4 Radio Hele Norge AS Norway's leading national, private radio station with 24% national market share, about one million daily listeners and two million weekly. P4 Radio Hele Norge operates a nationwide public service-licence, with official req ...

is in Lillehammer.

Transport

One of the major Norwegian rail lines, the

Dovre Line The Dovre Line () is a Norwegian railway line with three slightly different lines which all lead to the historic city of Trondheim (city), Trondheim. Definition *Dovre Line is the main line between Eidsvoll Station and Trondheim Station, used b ...

, runs from

to the north through Lillehammer on its way up the Gudbrandsdal valley, to terminate in the city of

. The

European route E6 European route E6 (, , or simply E6) is the main north–south thoroughfare through Norway as well as the west coast of Sweden. It is long and runs from the southern tip of Sweden at Trelleborg, into Norway and through almost all of the countr ...

highway also passes through Lillehammer.

Attractions

In addition to the Olympic site, Lillehammer offers a number of other tourist attractions: *

Maihaugen Maihaugen (''De Sandvigske Samlinger på Maihaugen, Lillehammer'') is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Lillehammer, Norway. Maihaugen, with close to 200 buildings, is one of Northern Europe's largest open-air museums and one of the l ...

, centrally located in Lillehammer, is the largest

open-air museum An open-air museum is a museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts outdoors. It is also frequently known as a museum of buildings or a folk museum. Definition Open air is "the unconfined atmosphere ... outside buildings" ...

in Norway, with 185 buildings, mostly from Lillehammer and the valley of

. * Garmo Stave Church (built around 1150) * The

Norwegian Olympic Museum Norwegian Olympic Museum (''Norges Olympiske Museum'') is located at Maihaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. The Norwegian Olympic Museum shows the history of the Olympic Games in ancient and modern times, with a focus on the 1952 Winter Olympics i ...

is the only museum in Northern Europe that shows the whole Olympic history from the ancient times and up to today, including all Summer- and Winter games. The museum also houses the Norwegian Sports Hall of Fame and a special section about the Lillehammer `94 Olympic Winter games. The Museum is located in the indoor museum at

. *

Lillehammer Art Museum Lillehammer Art Museum () is an art gallery located in Lillehammer, Norway. The museum was founded in 1921 as a gift from merchant Einar Lunde. It has three main collections: one consisting of over 100 paintings from adherents of the Matisse scho ...

The Norwegian Road Museum ''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' ...

is a large outdoor and indoor museum to the north from Lillehammer city centre. *

Hafjell Hafjell is a village and a ski resort in Norway, in the Øyer municipality in the county of Oppland. Hafjell hosted the alpine skiing events (giant slalom and slalom) at the 1994 Winter Olympics; the speed events were held at Kvitfjell, a regu ...

(Ski resort from Lillehammer, host of slalom and super-G in the Olympic games 1994) *

Kvitfjell Kvitfjell () is a ski resort in Norway, located in the municipality of Ringebu. Developed for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, it is one of the most modern resorts in the world, with snowmaking on 80% of the alpine pistes. Based near ...

(Ski resort from Lillehammer, host of downhill in the Olympic games 1994) * The PS ''

Skibladner PS ''Skibladner'' is the world's oldest paddle steamer in timetabled service, and the only paddle steamer operating in Norway, sailing on lake Mjøsa. ''Skibladner'' is a side-wheel paddle steamer, and her maiden voyage was on 2 August 1856. ...

'' is the world's oldest

paddle steamer A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, whereby the first uses were wh ...

in scheduled service, launched in 1856. Summer sailings around lake

: Lillehammer,

Moelv Moelv is a town in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is located along the shores of the lake Mjøsa, about south of the town of Lillehammer and about the same distance northwest of the town of Hamar. Moelv is the seco ...

Gjøvik Gjøvik () is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the Gjøvik (town), town of Gjøvik. Some of the villages in Gjøvik include Biri, Norway, Biri, Bybrua, ...

, and

. * The ski jump at Lysgårdsbakkene. *

Sjusjøen Sjusjøen is a cross country skiing destination in the municipality of Ringsaker in Innlandet county, Norway. Situated on the mountain plateau south of Sjusjøen is Hedmarksvidda. The area is located with forest and mountain terrain about above ...

is a skiing destination with forest and mountain terrain only away (east) from the centre of Lillehammer in the municipality of

Ringsaker Ringsaker () is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the Traditional districts of Norway, traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Br ...

. * The rock carvings at Drotten, Fåberg, west of

about above Brunlaug bridge. * The sculpture ''Mothership with Standing Matter'' by

Antony Gormley Sir Antony Mark David Gormley (born 30 August 1950) is a British sculptor. His works include the ''Angel of the North'', a public sculpture in Gateshead in the north of England, commissioned in 1994 and erected in February 1998; ''Another Pl ...

in a pavilion by

Snøhetta Snøhetta is the highest mountain in the Dovrefjell mountain range in Norway. At , it is the highest mountain in Norway outside the Jotunheimen range, making it the 24th highest peak in Norway, based on a topographic prominence cutoff. At , i ...

architects close to

Lillehammer Station Lillehammer is a railway station located in downtown Lillehammer, Norway, on the Dovre Line. The station was opened in 1894 with the construction of the railway between Hamar Station and Tretten Station. The station got a major overhaul before ...

. * Hunderfossen Adventure Park, an amusement park to the north from Lillehammer city centre.

Sport

Sports clubs

* Lillehammer Ishockeyklubb (The team competes in Norway's major hockey league, the GET-League.)
Lillehammer Innabandy Klubb
* Lillehammer Orienteringsklubb * Lillehammer Skiklubb * Lillehammer Fotballklubb * Lillehammer Frisbee * Roterud Idrettslag

Culture

Lillehammer is the main location for several annual festivals and events. * Lillehammer Live, pop music festival. *

DølaJazz Dølajazz is a Norwegian jazz festival held at Lillehammer in October each year. The festival was established in 1977 and first held in 1978. In its first year, the festival was the fourth largest Norwegian jazz festival after Moldejazz, Kongsberg ...

, jazz music festival. *

Norwegian Festival of Literature The Norwegian Festival of Literature (in Norwegian Sigrid Undset-dagene) is the biggest non commercial literary festival in the Nordic countries taking place in May/June in Lillehammer every year since 1995. The festival includes all the Nordic cou ...

* Amandus Festival, film festival and competition for young film makers. * Vinterpride,

LGBT pride In the context of LGBTQ culture, pride (also known as LGBTQ pride, LGBTQIA pride, LGBT pride, queer pride, gay pride, or gay and lesbian pride) is the promotion of the rights, self-affirmation, dignity, equality, and increased visibility o ...

festival celebrated every February.

Notable people

Arts

Kalle Løchen Kalle Løchen (9 May 1865 – 20 November 1893) was a Norwegian painter and actor. Biography Kalle Løchen was born in Fåberg (now Lillehammer), in Oppland, Norway, the son of cand.jur. Edvard Martin Løchen and his wife Anne Elisabeth Gr� ...

(1865–1893), a Norwegian painter and actor *

Sigrid Undset Sigrid Undset (; 20 May 1882 – 10 June 1949) was a Danish people, Danish-born Norwegian people, Norwegian novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature, 1928. Born in Den ...

(1882–1949), a novelist, awarded the

Nobel Prize for Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning ''for'' Literature (), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in t ...

in 1928; lived at her home "''Bjerkebæk''" in Lillehammer from 1919 to 1940 and again after WWII. * Odd Grythe (1918–1995), a Norwegian radio and TV personality *

Kjell Lund Kjell Lund (18 June 1927 – 17 August 2013) was a Norwegian architect, songwriter and singer. Lund cooperated with Nils Slaatto for many years. Personal life Lund was born in Lillehammer as a son of civil servant Arve Johan Lund and Margit ...

(1927–2013), a Norwegian architect, songwriter and singer *

Sveinung Hovensjø Sveinung Hovensjø (born 5 December 1950) is a Norwegian jazz musician (bass and guitar), known as one of the most used studio musicians in Norway, and also for his collaboration with guitarist Terje Rypdal (1974–78). Career Hovensjø was bo ...

(born 1950), a Norwegian jazz musician, plays bass and guitar *

Kristin Sevaldsen Kristin Sevaldsen (born 10 January 1966 in Lillehammer, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (saxophone), composer, and music producer. Career Sevaldsen has been a band member and session musician for several years. In 2007, she released the ...

(born 1966), a jazz musician (saxophone), composer, and music producer *

Atle Antonsen Atle Antonsen (born 11 August 1969, in Lillehammer) is a Norwegian comedian and actor. Antonsen has participated in and contributed to several television and radio shows, including ''XL'' and ''XLTV'' (1998–99), '' Nissene på låven'' (20 ...

(born 1969), a Norwegian comic and actor, was born in Lillehammer *

Ingrid Olava Ingrid Olava Brænd Eriksen (known as Ingrid Olava, born 18 March 1981) is a Norwegian singer, musician and actress, best known for her debut single "Only Just Begun" from 2007 and as a backup singer for Madrugada. After hearing her live perfor ...

(born 1981), a Norwegian singer and musician, born and grew up in Lillehammer

Public service

* Lars Olsen Skrefsrud (1840–1910), a Lutheran missionary in India *

Johan Lunde Johan Peter Lunde (25 December 1866 – 12 February 1938) was a Norwegian theologian and Bishop of the Diocese of Oslo. Biography Lunde was born at Lillehammer, Norway. He was the son of Knud Truls Wiel Lunde (1827–1915) and Mariane Sophie Br ...

(1866–1938), a theologian and bishop of the

Diocese of Oslo The Diocese of Oslo is the Church of Norway's Diocese, bishopric for the municipalities of Oslo, Asker and Bærum. It is one of Norway's five traditional bishoprics and was founded around the year 1070. History Oslo was established as a diocese ...

Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange Ulrik Frederik Lange (28 July 1808 – 8 September 1878) was a Norwegian teacher and politician.

(1808–1878), educator and mayor of Lillehammer 1840s & 50s *

(1885–1963), a women's advocate and mayor of Lillehammer in 1940 *

Thor Bjørklund Thor Bjørklund (30 October 1889 – 8 December 1975) was a Norwegian inventor and businessman. He is best known as the inventor of ''Ostehøvel'', a popular cheese slicer which developed into an important Norwegian export product. Thor Bj ...

(1889–1975), an inventor, invented the ''Ostehøvel'', a popular

cheese slicer A cheese knife is a type of kitchen knife specialized for the cutting of cheese. Different cheeses require different knives, according primarily to hardness. There are also a number of other kitchen tools designed for cutting or slicing cheese, ...

Anne Stine Ingstad Anne Stine Ingstad (11 February 1918 – 6 November 1997) was a Norwegian archaeologist who, along with her husband explorer Helge Ingstad, discovered the remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in the Canadian province of New ...

(1918–1997), an archaeologist, discovered Norse remains in Canada * Kai Holst (1913–1945), a seaman, fur farmer and resistance fighter during WWII *

Nils Slaatto Nils Slaatto (22 June 1922 – 16 March 2001) was for more than two decades one of Norway's most prominent and influential architects, having a strong and distinctive impression on Norwegian architecture. Slaatto cooperated with Kjell Lund in ...

(1922–2001), a prominent and influential Norwegian architect *

Egil Tynæs Egil Kristian Tynæs (12 August 1941 – 2 June 2004) was a Norwegians, Norwegian Anthroposophical medicine, anthroposophical Physician, doctor, senior physician at the Municipal Clinic in Bergen, Norway, Bergen and a humanitarian aid worker. On 2 ...

(1941–2004), an anthroposophical physician, died in Afghanistan *

Bjørn Simensen Bjørn Erik Simensen (28 June 1947 – 28 March 2025) was a Norwegian culture administrator and journalist who was known as director of the Norwegian National Opera from 1984 to 1990 and 1997 to 2009. Life and career Simensen was born in Lilleham ...

(born 1947), a director,

Norwegian National Opera The Norwegian National Opera and Ballet () is a Norwegian opera company and ballet company. The first fully professional company each for opera and ballet in Norway and the only such professional organisation in the country, it is currently resi ...

1984/1990 & 1997/2009 * Torkil Damhaug (born 1958), a Norwegian physician and crime fiction writer

Sport

* Ove Nielsen (born 1924), a Danish rower, competed at

1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics (, ), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad (, ) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in Helsinki, Finland. After Japan declared in ...

lives locally *

Petter Belsvik Petter Belsvik (born 2 October 1967) is a Norwegian football coach and former player, who played as a striker. With 159 goals in the Norwegian Premier League he ranks third in the all-time goalscorer statistics, behind Harald Brattbakk. He neve ...

(born 1967), a football coach and former player with 383 club caps *

Jon Inge Høiland Jon Inge Høiland (born 20 September 1977) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He has been capped 25 times while playing for Norway. Høiland played for Bryne and Kongsvinger in Norway, before he moved to th ...

(born 1977), a former footballer with 396 club caps and 25 for

Anita Rapp Anita Rapp-Ødegaard (born 24 July 1977) is a former Norwegian footballer and Olympic champion. She debuted for the Norway women's national football team in 1998, and played 62 matches for the national team. She was on the gold medal-winning t ...

(born 1977), a footballer and team gold medallist at the

2000 Summer Olympics The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, officially branded as Sydney 2000, and also known as the Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October ...

Grete Eliassen Grete Eliassen (born September 21, 1986) is an American-Norwegian freestyle skier. She won a bronze medal in ''Slopestyle'' at the 2011 Winter X Games XV in Aspen, Colorado, behind Kaya Turski and Keri Herman. She has won six medals at the Wi ...

(born 1986), an American-Norwegian freestyle skier *

Edvald Boasson Hagen Edvald Boasson Hagen (born 17 May 1987) is a Norwegian former road racing cyclist, who competed as a professional from 2006 to 2024. He was ranked as no. 3 in the world by Union Cycliste Internationale, UCI as of 31 August 2009, when he was 22 y ...

(born 1987), a Norwegian professional road racing cyclist *

Robert Johansson Robert Høneren Johansson (born 23 March 1990) is a former Norwegian ski jumper. He is a former ski flying world record holder, having landed a jump of in Vikersund on 18 March 2017. Johansson has often been nicknamed the "Wing Commander" fo ...

(born 1990), a ski jumper with two bronze and a team gold medal at the

2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics (), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (; ) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, South Ko ...

* Robert Lee (born 2001), a ski jumper

Other

* Anders Uchermann-Sandvig (1898-1966), newspaper editor

In popular culture

* The Norwegian-American

Netflix Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple lang ...

original series ''

Lilyhammer ''Lilyhammer'' is a crime comedy-drama television series starring Steven Van Zandt about a former New York–based gangster named Frank "The Fixer" Tagliano trying to start a new life in isolated Lillehammer, Norway. The first season premiered ...

'' takes place in Lillehammer. The show stars

Steven Van Zandt Steven Van Zandt (né Lento; born November 22, 1950), also known as Little Steven or Miami Steve, is an American musician and actor. He is a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin. He has appeared i ...

, who plays Frank "the Fixer" Tagliano, a

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

mobster who moves to Lillehammer through the U.S. Witness Protection Program after being inspired by the

to relocate to Norway. *

Toki Wartooth Dethklok is a fictional melodic death metal band featured in the Adult Swim animated television series ''Metalocalypse'', known for its satirical or parodic lyrical themes. The first official Dethklok album was released on September 25, 2007, ...

, the fictional guitarist from the

Adult Swim Adult Swim (stylized as

dult swim Dult is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located from sub district headquarter, from district headquarter and from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representativ ...

and s is an American adult-oriented television programming block that airs on Cartoon Network which broadcasts during the evening, prime time, and Late-night television, late-night Dayparting, dayparts. T ...

TV show ''

Metalocalypse ''Metalocalypse'' is an American Musical film, musical adult animated television series created by Brendon Small and Tommy Blacha for Adult Swim. It premiered on August 6, 2006. The television program centers on the larger-than-life melodic deat ...

'', was born and raised here. * The British automotive and entertainment TV series

Top Gear Top Gear may refer to: * "Top gear", the highest gear available in a vehicle's manual transmission Television * ''Top Gear'' (1977 TV series), a British motoring magazine programme * ''Top Gear'' (2002 TV series), a relaunched version of the ori ...

filmed an Olympic special using many of the venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Twin towns – sister cities

Lillehammer has

sister city A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties. While there are early examples of inte ...

agreements with the following places: *

Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors is a commune in the Isère department of southeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Autrans and Méaudre.Hayward, United States *

Hørsholm Hørsholm () is an urban area on the Øresund coast approximately north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers most of Hørsholm Municipality and straddles the borders neighbouring Fredensborg Municipality and Rudersdal Municipality. Hørsholm proper ...

, Denmark *

Leksand Leksand () is a Urban areas in Sweden, locality and the seat of Leksand Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 5,934 inhabitants in 2010. Leksand is situated on the southern branch of lake Siljan (lake), Siljan, where it flows into river Öst ...

, Sweden *

Minamiuonuma is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 55,354 with 20,047 households, and a population density of 96.1 persons per km2. Its total area was . Geography Minamiuonuma is situated in a valley in a ...

, Japan * Oberhof, Germany *

Oulainen Oulainen (, also ) is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region, south of the city of Oulu. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density i ...

, Finland

Friendly cities

Lillehammer has also friendly relations with: *

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

, Germany * Minakami, Japan *

Radviliškis Radviliškis () (; ; , ''Radvilishok'') is a city in the Radviliškis district municipality, Šiauliai County, Lithuania. Radviliškis has been the administrative center of the district since 1950, and is an important railway junction. History ...

, Lithuania *

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 2 ...

, Bosnia and Herzegovina

References

External links

Municipal fact sheet
from

Statistics Norway Statistics Norway (, abbreviated to ''SSB'') is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876. Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway publish about 1,000 new statistical releases every year on its web site. All rele ...

*
Lillehammer Tourist OfficeGudbrandsdalen Region

Hafjell ski resort north from LillehammerKvitfjell ski resort north from LillehammerInland Norway University of Applied Sciences

Lillehammer Icehockey Club

Olympic Park in LillehammerPictures from the Olympic games in 1994
�
Norwegian Olympic Museum
{{use dmy dates, date=July 2022 Municipalities of Innlandet 1838 establishments in Norway Ski areas and resorts in Norway

General information

Name

Coat of arms

Churches

History

Education

Government

Municipal council

Mayors

Geography

Climate

Populated places

Economy

Media

Transport

Attractions

Sport

Sports clubs

Culture

Notable people

Arts

Public service

Sport

Other

In popular culture

Twin towns – sister cities

Friendly cities

See also

References

External links