Li Zhanshu (born 30 August 1951) is a Chinese retired politician, who was the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2018 to 2023. He was the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, China's top decision-making body, between 2017 and 2022. Li began his political career in rural regions of his native Hebei province, rising through the ranks as the Party Secretary of Xi'an, Governor of Heilongjiang province, and the Party Secretary of Guizhou province. In 2012, he became chief of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party. Following the 18th Party Congress, Li became one of the top advisors to party General Secretary Xi Jinping. He is regarded by the media as a senior member of "Xi Jinping Clique", one of the main political factions within the Chinese Communist Party.

Early life and education

Li was born in Pingshan County, Hebei province on August 30, 1951. Between 1968 and 1973, he was a "“ sentdown youth" at an agricultural commune in his hometown county. He studied at the Shijiazhuang Institute of Commerce in Shijiazhuang from 1971 to 1973. He started his career as an ordinary functionary in Shijiazhuang, working as an office worker for the Shijiazhuang commercial bureau and later becoming its deputy director in 1971. In 1976, he became a clerk and head of the information division of the General Office of the Shijiazhuang Prefecture Party Committee. In 1980, Li studied night school at Hebei Normal University, graduating via part-time studies in 1983.

Regional leadership

Hebei

After graduating, he was promoted to Party Secretary of Wuji County (at around the same time, the party chief of neighbouring Zhengding County was Xi Jinping, current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party). In 1985, he became the deputy party secretary and Commissioner of Shijiazhuang prefecture (not equivalent to mayor), later becoming the secretary of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League of China. In 1988, he attended a six-month program on CCP theoretical work at the Central Party School. He served as the deputy party secretary and head of Chengde Prefecture from 1990 to 1993, and as the secretary-general of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee from 1993 and 1997. He also enrolled at a economics in a correspondence program at the Central Party School from 1992 to 1994. Between 1997 and 1998, he served as the deputy director of the Rural Work Office of the Provincial Party Committee.

Shaanxi

In 1998, Li was transferred to Shaanxi province to serve on its party standing committee and become the head of its provincial Organization Department. Beginning in January 2002, Li became the Party Secretary of Xi'an. In May, he concurrently took on the role of deputy party chief of Shaanxi province. During his term in Xi'an, Li was known to have set the goal for Xi'an to become the "best city in the western interior".

Heilongjiang

In December 2003, Li became Deputy Party Secretary of Heilongjiang, and assumed the post of Vice Governor about a year later. At the time, outside observers classified Li as a member of the '' Tuanpai'', i.e., officials with a background in the Communist Youth League. On December 25, 2007, then Governor Zhang Zuoji resigned, and Li took over as acting Governor, confirmed in January 2008.

Guizhou

In August 2010, Li became the Party Secretary of Guizhou province, taking on his first role in the top office of a province. At the time, Li was not yet a full member of the Central Committee; it was considered very rare for someone to hold office as a provincial party chief without a full seat on the Central Committee.

General Office

In July 2012, Li was transferred to Beijing to serve as the executive deputy director of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party, being groomed to replace Ling Jihua. He assumed office as Director of the General Office two months later. Three months later, Li was also named Secretary of the Work Committee for Organs Directly Reporting to the Central Committee (). Regarded as a "rising star", Li was elected to the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party at the 18th Party Congress held in November 2012, which was unusual for a General Office Chief (Ling Jihua, for example, was not a member of the Politburo), signaling that Li would hold significant clout under Xi Jinping's administration. Additionally, as was customary of the general office chief, Li was also named a Secretary of the Central Secretariat. In 2013, Li was also named chief of the General Office of the newly formed National Security Commission. Li has played a major role in facilitating a strong relationship between China and Russia, and is the first General Office chief in post-Mao China to have played such an active role in foreign affairs. For example, in 2015 Li was sent as a "special envoy" of Xi Jinping to meet with Vladimir Putin in Moscow. During the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade held in Moscow, Li was a member of the Chinese delegation. Li was known to have accompanied Xi on the leader's various meetings with foreign guests, including on Xi's 2015 state visit to the United States. Li, seen as one of the most influential members of Xi Jinping's inner circle, was considered a " dark horse" candidate for the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision-making body which took office in 2017. Li was an alternate of the 16th and 17th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party and was a full member of the 18th Central Committee.

Standing Committee

Li was chosen to be a member of the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision-making body, at the 1st plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on 25 October 2017. On March 17, 2018, Li was elected as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Li represented General Secretary Xi Jinping at North Korea's 70th anniversary celebrations in 2018. Regarding his work, Li claims to abide by a "three-nos" principle: they are: "no messing around with other people, no playing games, no loafing on the job." In November 2020, following the expulsion of 4 pro-democracy lawmakers in the Hong Kong Legislative Council, Li defended the expulsion, arguing that the decision was both "necessary" and "appropriate." In September 2022, during a meeting with senior Russian figures, Li pledged China's "understanding and full support" in Russia's position on the issue of the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

. He said, "given the circumstances, Russia has taken necessary measures. China understands, and we are coordinating on various aspects." He went on to directly blame the United States and

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...

for "expanding NATO directly on Russia's doorstep, threatening Russia's national security and the lives of Russian citizens." ''

The Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' (''WSJ''), also referred to simply as the ''Journal,'' is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscriptio ...

'' reported on 19 March 2023, citing sources, that the Russians leaked this footage without Chinese knowledge, and that if China knew the situation beforehand, "its choice of words would have been more careful to prevent China from being seen as an accomplice to Russia". Li retired from the Politburo Standing Committee after the 20th Party Congress in October 2022 and retired from politics in March 2023 after he stepped down as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which Zhao Leji succeeded.

Family

Li's great-uncle (; 1908–1967) served as Vice Governor of

Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ...

province. Li's wife, Wang Jinfeng (), was born on October 30, 1953.

Li Qianxin

Li's eldest daughter, Li Qianxin (; born 20 June 1982), also known as Naomi Li, has been reported by Chinese-language media as being active in Hong Kong, and is one of the Vice-Chairs of the Hua Jing Society, a youth organization promoting mainland-Hong Kong cooperation. Li Qianxin reportedly bought a townhouse in Hong Kong's Stanley Beach for $15 million in 2013. According to a New York Times investigation, Li Qianxin bought a 4-story property at 6 Stanley Beach Road in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island in 2013 for US$15 million through Century Joy Holdings Ltd., a company registered in Hong Kong with Li Qianxin as the sole director, and incorporated in the

British Virgin Islands The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands and north-west ...

. In October 2019, when ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

'' contacted her regarding a scandal involving Deutsche Bank and their illicit hiring practices, she dissolved Century Joy Holdings Ltd. within a matter of hours. Li Qianxin was found to have pushed Deutsche Bank to hire her younger sister, who was deemed unqualified for the bank's corporate communications team, but received the job offer anyway. Her husband, Chua Hwa Por (; born 17 May 1985), was also part of the report. Chua owned a racehorse called Limitless, and also took over a company named Tai United in early 2017, when he was appointed as chairman. Under his supervision, Tai United bought a large share in the Peninsula Hotel, as well as the entire 79th floor of a Hong Kong skyscraper (reported earlier by SCMP to be at The Center). Chua stepped down from Tai United shortly afterwards in July 2017, when ''Next Magazine'' reported on the purchases and Chua's potential ties to Li Qianxin's father, Li Zhanshu. In January 2018, Chua then sold the majority of his Tai United shares. Together, Li Qianxin and Chua jointly own another company, named Chua & Li Membership. Li Qianxin and Chua both had listed the 6 Stanley Beach Road unit as their residence until early 2020, when Li Qianxin changed her address to another apartment Chua owns in Hong Kong, located on the 60th floor of a building. Also according to the investigation, Li Qianxin joined networks such as the Hua Jing Society in Hong Kong, a group that networks princelings and tycoons. In 2024, Li Qianxin was named as a member of the steering committee for the Hong Kong "Research, Academic and Industry Sectors One-plus Scheme."

Li Duoxi

Li's youngest daughter, Li Duoxi (; born 25 May 1987), works at

Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank AG (, ) is a Germany, German multinational Investment banking, investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany, and dual-listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. ...

Awards and honors

Order of Friendship (

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, 2022)

Notes

References