Lev Genrikhovich Schnirelmann (also Shnirelman, Shnirel'man; ; 2 January 1905 – 24 September 1938) was a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

who worked on

number theory Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Math ...

topology In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words , and ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing ho ...

and differential geometry.

Work

Schnirelmann sought to prove Goldbach's conjecture. In 1930, using the Brun sieve, he proved that any

natural number In mathematics, the natural numbers are those numbers used for counting (as in "there are ''six'' coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the ''third'' largest city in the country"). Numbers used for counting are called '' cardinal ...

greater than 1 can be written as the sum of not more than ''C''

prime number A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only way ...

s, where ''C'' is an effectively computable constant. His other fundamental work is joint with Lazar Lyusternik. Together, they developed the '' Lusternik–Schnirelmann category'', as it is called now, based on the previous work by

Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré ( S: stress final syllable ; 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The ...

George David Birkhoff George David Birkhoff (March 21, 1884 – November 12, 1944) was an American mathematician best known for what is now called the ergodic theorem. Birkhoff was one of the most important leaders in American mathematics in his generation, and duri ...

, and

Marston Morse Harold Calvin Marston Morse (March 24, 1892 – June 22, 1977) was an American mathematician best known for his work on the ''calculus of variations in the large'', a subject where he introduced the technique of differential topology now known a ...

. The theory gives a global invariant of spaces, and has led to advances in differential geometry and

. They also proved the theorem of the three geodesics, that a

Riemannian manifold In differential geometry, a Riemannian manifold or Riemannian space , so called after the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, is a real, smooth manifold ''M'' equipped with a positive-definite inner product ''g'p'' on the tangent spac ...

topologically equivalent to a sphere has at least three simple closed geodesics.

Biography

Schnirelmann graduated from

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

in 1925 and then worked at the Steklov Mathematical Institute from 1934 to 1938. His advisor was

Nikolai Luzin Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin (also spelled Lusin; rus, Никола́й Никола́евич Лу́зин, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈluzʲɪn, a=Ru-Nikilai Nikilayevich Luzin.ogg; 9 December 1883 – 28 January 1950) was a Soviet/R ...

. Schnirelmann committed suicide in Moscow on 24 September 1938, for reasons that are not clear. According to

Lev Pontryagin Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (russian: Лев Семёнович Понтрягин, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. He was born in Moscow and lost his eyesight completely due ...

's memoir from 1998, Schnirelmann gassed himself, due to depression brought on by feelings of inability to work at the same high level as earlier in his career. On the other hand, according to an interview Eugene Dynkin gave in 1988, Schnirelman took his own life after the

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...

tried to recruit him as an informer.

References

External links

*
''Lev Genrihovich Schnirelmann''
a popular article by V. Tikhomirov and V. Uspensky 1905 births 1938 suicides People from Gomel People from Gomelsky Uyezd Belarusian Jews Soviet mathematicians Number theorists Topologists Differential geometers 20th-century Belarusian mathematicians Moscow State University alumni Academic staff of Moscow State University Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Suicides in the Soviet Union Suicides by gas {{Russia-mathematician-stub

Work

Biography

See also

References

Further reading

External links