Lev Veniaminovych Lyulyev (; March 17, 1908 – November 1, 1985) was a

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

designer of

artillery Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and l ...

anti-aircraft Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface ( submarine-launched), and air-ba ...

rockets, and SA missile systems. He was the chief designer of the OKB-8 (later

NPO Novator NPO Novator (Novator Design Bureau, OKB Novator, OKB Lyulyev; ) is a Russian company that designs long-range anti-aircraft missiles. It was established in 1947 as OKB-8 in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk, became independent in 1991, and then became part ...

which currently bears his name) between 1946 and 1985 and the Doctor of Technical Sciences (

AS USSR The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...

, 1966). He was awarded the

Hero of Socialist Labour The Hero of Socialist Labour () was an Title of honor, honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievem ...

twice in 1966 and in 1985 and was the Laureate of the 1967

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

and 1948 and 1977

State Prize State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

s. Lyulyev was educated at the

Kyiv Polytechnic Institute The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute ( KPI, ; official full title National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a national public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine. Name In the long period of existenc ...

(KPI) from 1927 to 1933. In 1941, he was evacuated to Sverdlovsk with the factory and appointed Vice Chief designer of the 8th Factory (known as

JSC JSC may refer to: * Jane Street Capital, a proprietary trading firm * JavascriptCore, a framework that provides a JavaScript engine for WebKit implementations * Jeffree Star Cosmetics, an American cosmetics franchise * Johnson Space Center, NASA ...

MZiK JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short () is a Russian industrial company known for producing artillery and vehicles. It is now part of the Almaz-Antey holding company. History Founded in 1866 in St. Petersburg by a decree of ...

since 1994). In the years of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

the factory produced about 20 thousand artillery guns and their mountings and participated in the modernisation process of the 85 mm KS-1 gun, also organising the production of 85 mm D-5 guns and 100 mm D-10 guns for the SAUs (self-propelled artillery vehicles)

SU-85 The SU-85 ('' Samokhodnaya ustanovka'' 85) was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II, based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns, such as the SU-122, ...

and

SU-100 The SU-100 ( Russian: самоходная установка-100, СУ-100 romanized: '' Samokhodnaya Ustanovka-''100) is a Soviet tank destroyer armed with the D-10S 100 mm anti-tank gun in a casemate superstructure. It was used extens ...

. On June 25, 1945, Lyulyev was promoted to Chief designer of the Factory №8. 1945-1947 he developed the 85 mm zenith gun KS-18 and the experimental 100 mm zenith gun

KS-19 The KS-19 100mm anti-aircraft gun () is a Soviet anti-aircraft gun that also features efficient capabilities against ground targets. Characteristics The KS-19 is a towed anti-aircraft gun that was specifically designed to excel in ground combat ...

in 1947, which became the prototype of the next generation zenith guns before the SA

guided missiles A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor. Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this u ...

came. He also started the development of 130 mm zenith gun KS-30. In 1947, he was also appointed a chief designer of Sverdlovsk Machine-Building Plant №8, where he formed the Chief designer division (OGK) - later OKB-8 of the Ministry of Aviation Industry for the purpose of development of large caliber anti-aircraft artillery systems. In 1957, Lyulyec developed the most powerful KN-52 zenith gun. In 1958, OKB-8 decided to move to the development of anti-aircraft missile systems. Under his leadership those SA missiles were developed: * 3M8 (developed since 1958, in service since 1965), 3M8M, 3M8M1 (in service since 1967), 3M8M2 (in service since 1971) * 9M38, 9M38M1, 9M38M2 for the

Buk missile system The Buk (; "beech" (tree), ) is a family of self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon, self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation, and designed to counter ...

* 9M82 (in service since 1988) and 9M83 (in service since 1983) for the

S-300V The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise ...

* 9M82M and 9M83M for the Antey 2500 SAM system * Ural SA missile * M-31 ( KS-42, experimental, 1961) * KS-168 *

KS-172 The Novator KS-172 is a Russian air-to-air missile project designed as an "Airborne Early Warning and Control, AWACS killer" at ranges up to 400 km. The missile had various names during its history, including K-100, Izdeliye 172 ('project ...

* 3M54 Biryuza * V-755 * counter-missile 5Ya26 (experimental, 1963) for the S-225 * counter-missile 53T6 (PRS-1) for the A-135 (in service since 1995) * counter-missile 53T6M (PRS-1M, experimental, 1990th) * counter-missile 51T6 (experimental, 1980th) * naval antisubmarine missile complex Vyuga (since 1960), complex RPK-2, naval missile 81R (in service since 1969), export variant called Vysota * target missile Virazh and Virazh-M on the basis of 3M8 и 3M8M * counter-missile PRS-1M * counter-missile 45T6 * naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-6 Vodopad (in service since 1981) * naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-7 100RU (in service since 1984), export variant called ''Veter'' * naval missile ''

Alpha Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter ''aleph'' , whose name comes from the West Semitic word for ' ...

'' (experimental) * naval missile

RK-55 The Novator RK-55 ''Relief'' ( 'Relief'; NATO: SSC-X-4 'Slingshot'; GRAU: 3K12) is a Russian Navy cruise missile that is launched either from submarines (SLCM) or from surface ships. It can have a nuclear warhead developed in the Soviet Union. ...

* antisubmarine missile UR-91R * submarine missile 3M14 * target missile ''Mirazh''

Awards

, two times (1966, 1985) * Three

Orders of Lenin The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...

(1945, 1966, 1985) * Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour (1941, 1978) *

Order of the Red Star The Order of the Red Star () was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the ...

(1942) *

Order of the Badge of Honour The Order of the Badge of Honour () was a civilian award of the Soviet Union. It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in sports, production, scientific research and socia ...

(1944) * Stalin Prize, 1st class (1948) *

Lenin Prize The Lenin Prize (, ) was one of the most prestigious awards of the Soviet Union for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was originally created on June 23, 1925, and awarded until 1934. During ...

(1967) *

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on 31 October 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferred upon individuals or groups for services furthering communis ...

(1971) *

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize () was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathem ...

(1977)

References

External links

Profile of Lyulyev
at the

website *https://web.archive.org/web/20071013072107/http://testpilot.ru/russia/novator/novator.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Lyulyev, Lev Veniaminovych 1908 births 1985 deaths Engineers from Kyiv Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Kyiv Polytechnic Institute alumni Heroes of Socialist Labour Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the Order of the Red Star Recipients of the Stalin Prize Recipients of the Lenin Prize Recipients of the USSR State Prize Soviet inventors Soviet mechanical engineers