Lena Christ
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Lena Christ (née Magdalena Pichler; 30 October 188130 June 1920) was a German writer.


Life and works

Lena Christ was born as the nonmarital child of Magdalena Pichler (1860–1928), then a cook on Zinneberg near
Glonn Glonn is a market town in the Ebersberg district in Upper Bavaria, Germany, about southeast of Munich. Geography The market town of Glonn is a health spa (), and the Glonn Valley is ringed by wooded hills, carved by the former Inn Glacier. ...
.Marita Panzer: ''Lena Christ. Keine Überflüssige.'' Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2307-5. Smith journeyman and salesman Karl Christ from
Mönchsroth Mönchsroth is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps ...
near
Dinkelsbühl Dinkelsbühl () is a historic town in Central Franconia, a region of Germany that is now part of the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. Dinkelsbühl is a former free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. In local government terms, Dinkelsb ...
admitted to paternity. Despite this explicit profession by Karl Christ, then employed with Munich cavalry captain Rittmeister Ewald Hornig, and his commitment to alimony, later contemporaries and biographers doubted his paternity. Rather Scanzoni zu Lichtenfels at
Schloss Zinneberg ''Schloss'' (; pl. ''Schlösser''), formerly written ''Schloß'', is the German term for a building similar to a château, palace, or manor house. Related terms appear in several Germanic languages. In the Scandinavian languages, the cognate ...
was to be suspected as true father. This speculation was fed through Lena Christ's statement that her mother claimed her father went missing and lost his life in the sinking of the ''Cimbria'' on 19 January 1883 on route to America at the high seas. There was however no Karl Christ registered in the passenger lists. Lena Christ's mother therefore wanted or had to keep the true paternity concealed. Christ's biological paternity is viewed as relatively improbably today. Glonn's local chronicler Hans Obermair also noted that Karl Christ did emigrate to America, but only later, and he did arrive safely. He suspects Albert of Scanzoni and Ewald Hornig as likely fathers.MUH – Bayerische Aspekte, Ausgabe 37, 2020, Dominik Baur: Madam Dichterin – Zum 100. Todestag von Lena Christ. Despite her pen name, it remained unclear if Lena Christ herself was convinced that Karl Christ was her father. The first seven years of her live Lena Christ stayed with her grandfather, the farmer Mathias Pichler (Bichler) (1827–1894), and her step-grandmother and grand-aunt Magdalena Pichler née Hauser. She later remembered this time as her happiest one, she only once had contact to her "Munich mother". In school she, the "Hansschusterleni", appeared as talented and bright. Lena Christ was very attached to her grandfather, whom she admired all of her life and to whom she later dedicated the novel ''Mathias Bichler''. He was called "Hansschuster" after his farm, and was considered kind-hearted, quiet and modest; he was popular in the village and appreciated as helpful. In 1888 her mother married the butcher journeyman Josef Isaak and took the seven-year-old girl against the will of the grandparents to her to
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
. In the parental inn she had to do heavy labour. The relationship to her mother was marked by hate-love and inflicted abuse. She was exploited and suffered greatly under the coldness of her mother and the bodily punishments. Because of this massive mistreatment by the mother, Lena Christ since 1892 lived one more year with her grandparents in Glonn. In the middle of 1893 came another return to Munich; there the emotional and bodily mistreatment by the mother continued unchanged. The death of her grandfather in 1894 led the desperate Lena Christ to attempt suicide. To avoid the hard labour and the outbursts of the mother, she decided in 1898 to enter the
Premonstratensian The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Chur ...
abbey in Ursberg as
candidate A candidate, or nominee, is a prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position. For example, one can be a candidate for membership in a group (sociology), group or election to an offic ...
and teaching student, but left again after one-and-a-half years and returned to her parents' house. Another conflict with the mother led to another suicide attempt in 1900. She was found with slit wrists in the wine cellar of the parental inn and saved by her step-father, who did not mistreat her but neither protected her from her mother. In the same year she began working as cook and waitress in the tourist restaurant "Floriansmühle" in the north of Munich. She flourished there, but homesickness and a misunderstood sense of duty drew her back into her parents' house at Christmas. In 1901 she married the accounting clerk Anton Leix and moved with him into a flat in the house of her parents-in-law. The wedding was, as was then the norm, purely a marriage of convenience. Many suitors wooed the attractive Lena Christ, but she decided, together with her parents, according to the status, occupation and fortune of the husband. In 1902 she gave birth to her son Anton, a year later to her daughter Magdalena. Soon there were crises in the marriage. Anton Leix began to drink and gamble and broke with his parents, the couple had to leave their house in 1904. Many changes of residence followed and Lena Christ later complained about violent, also sexual assaults by her husband. In 1906 she gave birth to daughter Alexandra Eugenie. She also suffered three miscarriages. Her husband increasingly stood out due to his
alcoholism Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World He ...
and the resulting financial difficulties. In 1909 Lena broke up with him and left him. Son Anton came to the parents-in-law and no longer had any contact with his mother. Anton Leix was sentenced for misappropriation in the same year, and imprisoned in Nuremberg penitentiary until 1914. He later remarried and died in 1942 aged 64 years. In her "''Erinnerungen''" (Remembrances), Lena Christ has her raving mad husband commit to an asylum and find his end there. By doing desk work Lena Leix tried to provisionally earn a living for herself and her two daughters. In Haidhausen she stayed rent-free in new buildings to "live them dry". In 1910 she came down grievously with pneumonia, the daughters were taken from her and turned over to a Catholic children's home. Notes and documents from the royal police department suggest that Lena Christ occasionally prostituted herself at this time, to secure the livelihood for herself and the children. In March 1911 she was sentenced of
procuration Procuration () is the action of taking care of, hence management, stewardship, agency. The word is applied to the authority or power delegated to a Procurator (disambiguation), procurator, or agent, as well as to the exercise of such authority expr ...
and in June 1911 of professional
fornication Fornication generally refers to consensual sexual intercourse between two people who are not married to each other. When a married person has consensual sexual relations with one or more partners whom they are not married to, it is called adu ...
by Munich's court of lay assessors to four weeks of arrest each. Since 1911 she was working as dictation writer at the author Peter Jerusalem, who later became well known as
Peter Benedix Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a sur ...
. In 1912 she married him; the marriage with Anton Leix had been divorced 13 March 1912. Jerusalem induced her to write down her personal experiences. In September 1912 her debut book ''Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen'' (remembrances of an unnecessary one) came out at the publisher
Albert Langen Albert Langen (8 July 1869 – 30 April 1909) was a German publisher and founder of the satirical publication ''Simplicissimus''. Early years Langen was, after Martha and Martin, the third of four children born to Antwerp industrialist Friedrich ...
under the name of Lena Christ, which she used for all other publications. In it she portrayed in unusually drastic words her life, the shattered relationship to her mother and the human and sexual tragedies of her marriage. Her daughters came back to her in the same year. The book was not initially successful, but was praised by literary criticism and an amicable contact with
Ludwig Thoma Ludwig Thoma (; 21 January 1867 in Oberammergau – 26 August 1921 in Tegernsee) was a German author, publisher and editor, who gained popularity through his partially exaggerated description of everyday Bavarian life. After graduation from t ...
,
Wilhelm Langewiesche Wilhelm may refer to: People and fictional characters * William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm" * Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname Other uses * Wilhe ...
and
Korfiz Holm Korfiz Holm (also Corfitz Holm (21 August 1872 - 5 August 1942 was a German publisher, translator and author. Life Diedrich Heinrich Corfitz/Korfiz Holm was born into a Baltic Germans, German speaking family in Riga, where his father Diedrich ...
began. At this time, until 1914 she lived in the villa colony Gern in Munich. In 1913 she wrote the book ''Lausdirndlgeschichten'' (naughty girl stories), also composed of memories from her childhood. Thoma criticized her for it and saw it as a rip-off of his ''Lausbubengeschichten'' (naughty boy stories). Gradually she achieved literary success. Her novel ''Mathias Bichler'', however, remained largely unnoticed at the time of its publication in 1914. In it she portrayed the adventurous live of a small-time wood carver in the
Leitzach Leitzach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Mangfall near Feldkirchen-Westerham. See also *List of rivers of Bavaria A list of rivers of Bavaria, Germany: A * Aalbach * Abens * Ach * Afferbach * Affinger Bach * Ailsbach * Aisch ...
valley and
Tyrol Tyrol ( ; historically the Tyrole; ; ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, f ...
. It was her first literary work that did not draw on autobiographical experiences. The book ''Unsere Bayern anno 14'' (our Bavarians in the year 14), published after the beginning of the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, made her widely known; it was followed in 1915 by ''Unsere Bayern anno 14/15'' (our Bavarians in the year 14/15). In them she collected stories which portrayed the events and atmosphere at the beginning of the First World War in Bavaria, in the city and in the countryside. In 1915 she was invited to an audience with king Ludwig III, and in the following year received the Ludwigskreuz for her patriotic merits. Also in 1916 she started working on the drama ', which she rewrote into a novel on the advice of Benedix. In it she describes the unscrupulous attempts of Johanna Rumpl, cook from Öd (close to Schönau near
Bad Aibling Bad Aibling (; ) is a spa town and former district seat in Bavaria on the river Mangfall, located some southeast of Munich. It features a luxury health resort with a peat pulp bath and mineral spa. History Bad Aibling and its surroundin ...
), to achieve social advancement and independence. Lena Christ's own memories as well as experiences of her mother flowed into the novel. In 1917 Christ disbanded her household in Munich and moved to
Landshut Landshut (; ) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, on the banks of the Isar, River Isar. Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free state (government), Free State of Bavaria, and the seat of the surrou ...
, to where Benedix, conscripted in 1915, was detached. Lena Christ fell ill of
tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...
and depression. Through Benedix, at readings in the military hospital in 1918, she made the acquaintance of the young singer and war invalid Ludwig Schmidt, née Lodovico Fabri as son of German parents in Italy, and fell in love with him. She left Benedix and moved together with Schmidt, her "boy", back to Munich. In 1919 she published stories und the title ''Bauern'' (peasants), and ''Madam Bäuerin'' (Madam Peasant), a humorous work, which was however criticized for seeming "raw" and "incomplete", with lack of concentration due to the war and private crises suspected as the reason. In autumn, Benedix separated from his wife. In 1920 Ludwig Schmidt left Lena Christ, who for him was just one affair among many. Fallen into economic hardship, she signed valueless pictures with the names of well-known painters, sold them and thus got into conflict with the law for forgery. To protect her mother, initially her daughter Magdalena took the blame. Threatened by a prison sentence, on June 30, 1920, she went by tram to
Munich Waldfriedhof The Munich Waldfriedhof is one of 29 cemeteries of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. It is one of the largest and most famous burial sites of the city, known for its park-like design and tombs of notable personalities. The Waldfriedhof is considered th ...
/Alter Teil (Old Section) (grave no. 44-3-1). There she met her husband Peter Benedix, who handed her a dose of
cyanide In chemistry, cyanide () is an inorganic chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Ionic cyanides contain the cyanide anion . This a ...
. With the poison she committed suicide in front of the grave of Ludwig Schmidt's father. Today it is in doubt if mainly the imminent prison sentence or depression and the wish to preserve her honour led her to this step. Before her suicide she wrote several extensive farewell letters, among others to Ludwig Thoma and her son-in-law Heinrich Dietz. In her grave (Waldfriedhof no. 44-3-14) later her youngest daughter Alexandra († 1933), and her half-brother Friedrich Isaak († 1973) and his wife Berta († 1958) were interred after her. On the burial cross the date of Lena Christ's death instead of June 30 is written as June 31, not actually existent in the calendar. Her private library today resides in Munich's city library.


Significance and reception

Today Lena Christ is recognized as an important German author. With ''Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen'', ''Die Rumplhanni'' and ''Mathias Bichler'' she has created three enduring works. Among other things it is impressive how she assimilated her own observations and experiences into her books, which give a deep insight into the poor life of the working class, domestics and rural population at the beginning of the 20th century. Another contemporary representative of this type of regional literature critical of society,
Emerenz Meier Emerenz Meier (October 3, 1874 – February 28, 1928) was a German writer. She is most known for her work in Bavarian folk poetry. Biography Emerenz Meier was the daughter of Emerenz Meier, née Raab, and the farmer, livestock dealer and innkee ...
, has passed into obscurity in comparison. Regional historian Maria Sedlmaier wrote about Lena Christ: Her books are full of love of her country, the material she drew from her homeland, she was a very demotic writer, knew masterly how to romance, concise in diaglogue gripping, exciting, full of humour and wit, but at times somewhat profane. ''
Münchner Neueste Nachrichten ''Münchner Neueste Nachrichten'' (Munich's Latest News) was a German daily newspaper published in Munich between 1848 and 1945. The paper was first published on 9 April 1848 as cheap way to inform the masses. After its purchase by , the newspap ...
'' wrote eleven years after Lena Christ's death: if she had not left the racing track ahead of time, she would today probably be the most famous poet of Bavaria, would stand in one front with the best names of the new German narrative. Literary critic Werner Mahrholz named her as purely poetically perhaps next to Annette Droste the greatest, strongest, most sensual talent of all our literature. Biographer Marita Panzer stated that Lena Christ had produced a considerable opus in the short time span of eight years, which gains recognition until today. That many reviewers assigned her to the Heimatkunst ( de) movement due to her peasant parentage and use of Bavarian idiom, Panzer saw as incorrect, however. The home, the village, the peasantry Lena Christ in no way portrayed as an idyll, but described a hard, hierarchical reality, violence and
bigotry Prejudice can be an affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived social group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived (usually unfavourable) evaluation or classification of another person based on that pers ...
. Additionally Lena Christ had lived since her eighth year of life as an innkeeper's daughter in the city of Munich. In ''Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen'' Panzer in no way sees a pure autobiography: The novel satisfies a literary aspiration, is not purely subjective but dramatized and for the most part a literary construct. Literary scholar Herta-Elisabeth Renk praised the book as a great literary and human testimony, as poetry and truth of a woman, a time, a society, but criticized that Christ did not distinguish between objective truth and subjective treatment in her portrayals. Gunna Wendt describes in her biography that for Lena Christ writing was a "line of escape", which allowed her to not just suffer her live passively, but to shape it actively. Thus powerlessness became the power of a creator. Monika Baumgartner in 1981 played the title role in the film adaptation of ', where, according to her own statements, she aggressively sought for the role with . Baumgartner showed herself enthusiastic of Lena Christ, whose opus she compared to that of
Oskar Maria Graf Oskar Maria Graf (22 July 1894 – 28 June 1967) was a German-American writer who wrote several narratives about life in Bavaria, mostly autobiographical. In the beginning, Graf wrote under his real name Oskar Graf. After 1918, his works for ne ...
: "This language, this unwieldiness, that is more Graf, with him it creaks just like that. Ludwig Thoma is much smoother there." Ghemela Adler asserted in her dissertation that Peter Benedix shaped the image of Lena Christ to this day. As representative of the conservative-traditionalistic Heimatkunst movement he declared Lena Christ to a "primitive-childlike woman", whose art of storytelling was "instinctive". He described his wife, notably decades later, as a physically and psychically sick woman, who needed care and guidance. He called Lena Christ an uneducated child-woman, who drew her works from the subconscious. This interpretation was followed in part by biographer Günter Goepfert. Marita Panzer objects to such constructions. According to her Lena Christ was an intelligent and artistically talented woman, full of creativity and funny ideas. Already in 1998 Ingrid Reuther insisted that the biography of Lena Christ was in need of revision. The biography by Peter Benedix in large parts lacked the appropriate distance and was full of one-sided portrayals. Benedix’ biography read like a vindication, the vindication of a man who literarily stood in the shadow of his wife throughout his live, but presented himself as her discoverer and mentor. For years he disputed with Lena Christ's daughters for royalties and exploitation rights. Dominik Baur points out that Benedix, despite to his credit having recognized Lena Christ's talent, and also having disadviced her against typical
heimat ''Heimat'' () is a German word translating to 'home' or 'homeland'. The word has connotations specific to German culture, German society and specifically German Romanticism, German nationalism, German statehood and regionalism so that it h ...
literature in the vein of Thoma und Ganghofer, but rather having pointed her to representatives of
realism Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to: In the arts *Realism (arts), the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *American Realism *Classical Realism *Liter ...
like
Jeremias Gotthelf Albert Bitzius (4 October 179722 October 1854) was a Swiss novelist, best known by his pen name of Jeremias Gotthelf. Biography Bitzius was born at Murten, where his father was pastor. The Bitzius family had once belonged to the Bernese patric ...
and
Gottfried Keller Gottfried Keller (19 July 1819 – 15 July 1890) was a Swiss poet and writer of German literature. Best known for his novel '' Green Henry'' (German: ''Der grüne Heinrich'') and his cycle of novellas called '' Seldwyla Folks'' (''Die Leute von Se ...
, was an "unpleasant type", an ambivalent if not shady character. Instead of dissuading her from the suicide, he confirmed her in this intention. Author Asta Scheib holds the same view, that he talked her into the suicide to profit from it afterwards. In excessive overconfidence he inflated his role as Christ's discoverer. He published the biography ''Der Weg der Lena Christ'' (the way of Lena Christ) in 1940, exactly after twenty years, when the period of limitation had expired, in which he acknowledged for the first time that he had acquired the poison for Lena Christ.


Commemoration

; Museum and exhibition * The ''Heimatmuseum'' in Glonn (Glonn Homeland Museum) (Klosterweg 7) owns mementos and books of the writer. * After Lena Christ's great-grandson Peter Dietz in 2010, after the death of her granddaughter, bequeathed the written inheritance to the Munich literary archive
Monacensia The Monacensia, or ''Monacensia in Hildebrandhaus'', is the literary archive and a research library of the city of Munich, the capital of Bavaria, Germany, which is devoted to preserving and providing public access to the city's cultural history ...
, a great exhibition titled ''Lena Christ – die Glückssucherin'' (Lena Christ - seeker of happiness) could be established in July 2012. It was arranged by curator Gunna Wendt. ; Monuments * A bust of Lena Christ is standing at the city hall of Glonn. * At the decision of the Bavarian Council of Ministers in 1997, a bust of Lena Christ created by Martin Kargruber was placed in the
Ruhmeshalle The Ruhmeshalle (, ) is a Doric colonnade with a main range and two wings, designed by Leo von Klenze for Ludwig I of Bavaria. Built in 1853, it is situated on an ancient ledge above the Theresienwiese in Munich and was built as part of a comp ...
at the
Theresienwiese Theresienwiese is an open space in the Munich borough of Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt. It serves as the official ground of the Munich Oktoberfest. A space of , it is bordered in the west by the Ruhmeshalle and the Bavaria statue, symbolizin ...
in Munich on 3 April 2000. ; Commemorative plaques * At the house of her birth in Glonn a commemorative plaque was installed in 1921 by friends. For the new building a new plaque was created by Theodor Georgii. * Plaques at two of her former residential houses in Munich (Sandstraße 45 and Linprunstraße 35) commemorate her. * There is also a memory tablet in Landshut. ; Lena Christ as eponym * In her honour, the street in Glonn where she was born and grew up was named "Lena-Christ-Straße". The house of her birth, and the new building in its place, respectively, is number 10. * Streets have been named after Lena Christ in other municipalities, too, e.g. in the Munich city quarter of
Milbertshofen Milbertshofen (Central Bavarian: ''Muibatshofa''), Am Riesenfeld and Am Hart (Central Bavarian: ''Am Hoart'') are three boroughs situated in the north of Munich in Germany. Jointly, they form the city district 11 Milbertshofen-Am Hart. , the ...
. * A secondary school in
Markt Schwaben Markt Schwaben is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It lies roughly 23 km east of Munich on the northern edge of the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg (district), Ebersberg. Neighbouring communities are Anzing, Forstinning, Pliening and Poing, G ...
(a town in the same district
Ebersberg Ebersberg is the seat of the similarly named Ebersberg '' Landkreis'' (district) in the Oberbayern ''Regierungsbezirk'' (administrative region) in Bavaria, southern Germany. The ''Ebersberger Forst'' (forest) is one of Germany’s largest conti ...
as the place of her birth, Glonn) is named "Lena-Christ-Realschule". * The house in which she lived in Landshut for two years (Maximilianstraße 8), was named "Lena-Christ-Haus". A plaque commemorates the writer. * Inside the guildhall of
Germering Germering (; Central Bavarian: ''Geamaring'') is a Town#Germany, town of approximately 40,500 within the Fürstenfeldbruck (district), district of Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. It is directly adjacent to the city of Munich and borders it ...
a hall is named after her. * The former inn "Neuwirt" in Glonn, directly opposite the house of her birth, had furnished a "Lena-Christ-Stüberl", which kept some memorabilia of the writer in a side room.


Works


Books

* ''Gesammelte Werke.'' List-Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-471-77244-8. * '' Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen.'' Albert Langen, München 1912 ** dtv, München 1999, ISBN 3-423-12657-4. * ''Lausdirndlgeschichten.'' Martin Mörikes Verlag, 1913 ** 2. Auflage, Ehrenwirth, München 1983, ISBN 3-431-02423-8. ** Allitera Verlag, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-308-9. * ''
Mathias Bichler Mathias, a given name and a surname which is a variant of Matthew (name), may refer to: Places * Mathias, West Virginia * Mathias Township, Michigan People with the given name or surname ''Mathias'' In music * Mathias Eick, Norwegian Jazz Music ...
.'' Albert Langen, München 1914. ** dtv, München 1989, ISBN 3-423-11035-X. ** Allitera Verlag, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-302-7. * ''Unsere Bayern anno 14.'' Part One. Albert Langen, München 1914. ** Allitera Verlag, München 2014, ISBN 978-3-86906-620-2. * ''Unsere Bayern anno 14/15.'' Part Two. Albert Langen, München 1915. * ''Unsere Bayern anno 14/15.'' Part Three. Albert Langen, München 1915. * '' Die Rumplhanni'' Albert Langen, München 1916. ** dtv, München 1988, ISBN 3-423-10904-1. * ''Bauern'' Bayerische Geschichten. Paul List Verlag, Leipzig 1919. ** dtv, München 1990, ISBN 3-423-11169-0. * '' Madam Bäuerin.'' Paul List Verlag, Leipzig 1920. ** dtv, München 1989, ISBN 3-423-11089-9. ** Allitera Verlag, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-301-0. * ''Liebesgeschichten.'' Allitera Verlag, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-86906-309-6.


Film adaptions

* ''Der Fall Lena Christ.'' (TV-D, 1970), directed by
Hans W. Geissendörfer Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi a ...
, with Eberhard Peiker, Paul Stieber-Walter,
Sofie Strehlow Sofie is a feminine given name and a surname. Notable bearers of the name include: Given name * Sofie Albinus (born 1972), Danish tennis player * Sofie Bernhoft (1870–1966), Norwegian actress * Sofie Börjesson (born 1997), Swedish handballer * ...
, Heidi Stroh ''et al.'' * ''Die Rumplhanni.'' (TV-D, 1981) by director
Rainer Wolffhardt Rainer may refer to: People * Rainer (surname) * Rainer (given name) Other * Rainer Island, an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia * 16802 Rainer, an asteroid * Rainer Foundation, British charitable organisation See also * Rainier (disambiguation ...
, with Monika Baumgartner, Karl Obermayr, Enzi Fuchs,
Hansi Kraus Jan Christoph Krause, known by his stage name Hansi Kraus or Hans Kraus (born 26 June 1952), is a German actor. Career Hans Krause was born in Gliwice, Silesia, Poland. He was only 12 years old when he was discovered by German film producer F ...
''et al.'' * ''.'' (D, 1993) by director , with Julia Stemberger,
Francis Fulton-Smith Francis Fulton-Smith (born 25 April 1966) is a United Kingdom, British-Germany, German television actor. Life Fulton-Smith was born in Munich, West Germany, the son of a German mother and an English father. After graduating school he trained as a ...
,
Hanna Schygulla Hanna Schygulla (; born 25 December 1943) is a German actress and chanson singer associated with the theater and film director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. She first worked for Fassbinder in 1965 and became an active participant in the New German ...
,
Franz Xaver Kroetz Franz Xaver Kroetz (; born 25 February 1946) is a German author, playwright, actor and film director. He achieved great success beginning in the early 1970s. ''Persistent'', '' Farmyard'', and '' Request Concert'', all written in 1971, are some ...
''et al.''


Audio drama

* ''Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen.'' Directed by Stefanie Ramb.
Bayern 2 Bayern 2 is a German public radio station in Bavaria owned and operated by Bayerischer Rundfunk (; "Bavarian Broadcasting"), shortened to BR (), is a public broadcasting, public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capit ...
. 2020.''Hörspiel "Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen" (1/2) von Lena Christ.''
In programm calendar of Bayern 2. Access date 2 June 2020.


Audio books

* ''Die Rumplhanni.'' With
Eva Sixt Eva or EVA may refer to: * Eva (name), a feminine given name Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Eva (Dynamite Entertainment), a comic book character * Eva (''Devil May Cry''), in the ''Devil May Cry'' video game series * ...
, Rüdiger Hacker, Gerd Burger, Tanja Raith, Karin Thaller, Matthias Winter, Hans Schröck ''et al.'' Directed by Dieter Lohr. LOhrBär-Verlag 2014, ISBN 978-3-939529-13-2.


Literature

* Ghemela Adler: ''Heimatsuche und Identität. Das Werk der bairischen Schriftstellerin Lena Christ'' (= ''Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe 1, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur''. Band 1261). Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-631-42869-3. * Günter Goepfert: ''Das Schicksal der Lena Christ.'' Revised and expanded edition. Rosenheimer Verlag, Rosenheim 2004, ISBN 3-475-53520-3. * * Michaela Karl: ''Lena Christ. Die Überflüssige.'' In: Michaela Karl: ''Bayerische Amazonen. 12 Porträts.'' Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1868-1, pp. 66–83. * Hans Obermair: ''Lena Christ und Glonn. Herkunft und Wurzeln.'' Kulturverein Glonn, Glonn 2006. * Marita Panzer: ''Lena Christ. Keine Überflüssige.'' Pustet-Verlag, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2307-5. * Herta-Elisabeth Renk: ''Die Überflüssige und ihre Heimat. Zu Leben und Werk der Lena Christ.'' In: Albrecht Weber (ed.): ''Handbuch der Literatur in Bayern. Vom Frühmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart.'' Pustet, Regensburg 1987, ISBN 3-7917-1042-7, pp. 373–385. * Asta Scheib: ''In den Gärten des Herzens. Die Leidenschaft der Lena Christ.'' Hoffmann u. Campe, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-455-06495-7. * Gunna Wendt: ''Lena Christ. Die Glückssucherin.'' LangenMüller, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-7844-3289-2. * Reinhard Wittmann: ''Lena Christ.'' In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): ''Große Gestalten der bayerischen Geschichte.'' Herbert Utz Verlag, München 2011, ISBN 978-3-8316-0949-9.


External links

* * * * * Josef Hofmiller
„Lena Christ“

Letters from 22 August 1920 and 28 August 1920
by Peter Jerusalem with bio-bibliographic information and newspaper sections (obituaries) concerning Lena Christ to
Franz Brümmer Karl Wilhelm Franz Brümmer (17 November 1836, Wusterhausen – 30 January 1923, Munich) was a German educator and lexicographer. He attended the teaching seminar in Köpenick and later worked as an instructor in Zehdenick (from 1856) and Trebbin ( ...
; in
''Digitale Edition des lexikographischen Nachlasses Franz Brümmer'', Staatsbibliothek Berlin

Lena Christ im Literaturportal Bayern


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christ, Lena 1881 births 1920 deaths 1920 suicides 20th-century German women writers German women novelists Writers from the Kingdom of Bavaria German Roman Catholics People from Ebersberg (district) Suicides by cyanide poisoning Suicides in Germany