Lempo
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Lempo () is a
demon A demon is a malevolent supernatural entity. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in folklore, mythology, religion, occultism, and literature; these beliefs are reflected in Media (communication), media including f ...
from Finnish folklore and
mythology Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society. For scholars, this is very different from the vernacular usage of the term "myth" that refers to a belief that is not true. Instead, the ...
. Lempo has been connected to the names Lemmes, Lemmas, Lemmätär and Lemmetär (), as well as themes of love and fire. The ''-tär'' ending names are feminine, but Lempo has also been understood as a male demon in some instances.


Descriptions

Christfried Ganander called Lempo a flying evil spirit who forged evil flying arrows; Lemmes a forest god or faun who planted the
alder Alders are trees of the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species ex ...
and is its protector; Lemmas a nymph who stirred iron after it was lifted from bogs; and Lemmetär or Lemmätär a smith maid who pulled the bellows when iron was made and shook trees with her breath.
Matthias Castrén Matthias Alexander Castrén (2 December 1813 – 7 May 1852) was a Finnish Swedish ethnologist and philologist who was a pioneer in the study of the Uralic languages. He was an educator, author and linguist at the University of Helsinki. Castrén ...
connected the name Lempo to the word ''lempi'' ("erotic love"). It was personalized as a capitalized Lempi in love spells. This ''lempi'' in spells could be a wild and raging feeling, like lust awoken by an evil witch, so Castrén thought a love god could've thus developed into an evil god.
Elias Lönnrot Elias Lönnrot (; 9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a Finnish polymath, physician, philosopher, poet, musician, linguist, journalist, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish language, Finnish Oral literature, oral poetry. He is best k ...
connected the name to the Swedish word ''slem'' ("lousy"). Lemmetär is also mentioned in
runic song Runic song, also referred to as ''Rune'' song, ''Runo'' song, or ''Kalevala'' song, is a form of oral poetry and national epic historically practiced among the Baltic Finnic peoples. It includes the Finnish epic poems ''Kalevala'' and '' Kantele ...
s describing the
origin Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * ''The Origin'' (Buffy comic), a 1999 ''Buffy the Vampire Sl ...
of stones. A
South Savo South Savo (or Southern Savonia; ; ) is a region in the south-east of Finland. It borders the regions of North Savo, North Karelia, South Karelia, Kymenlaakso, Päijät-Häme, and Central Finland. The total area of South Savo is 18,768.33 km ...
nian description of a love spell explains that when a wife had broken the laws of chastity, Lempi in her had transformed into Lempo and was then driven out of her with a spell. A
North Savo North Savo (or Northern Savonia; ; ) is a Regions of Finland, region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of South Savo, Central Finland, North Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, and North Karelia. Kuopio is the largest city in the region and Kallavesi, ...
nian love spell includes expressions of gratitude to Lemmetär at the end of it. Lönnrot wondered if love ("lempi") was in the process of forming into the god Lempi when Christianity arrived to Finland. In runic songs, Lempo is connected to fire, which has created theories of Lempo's possible role as a fire haltija. ''Lemmes'' or ''lemmäs'' means a meteorite which makes a howling sound when falling to the ground, while plural ''lemmenet'' means sparks above a campfire. The word ''lempo'' means a
ball lightning Ball lightning is a rare and unexplained phenomenon described as Luminosity, luminescent, spherical objects that vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter. Though usually associated with thunderstorms, the observed phenomenon is repor ...
. Similarly, erotic love (lempi) has been described like a flame which flares up within a person. Fire which came with a meteorite crash or ball lightning was considered sacred. There are many similar sounding place names in
Lempäälä Lempäälä () is a municipality in Finland, located in the Pirkanmaa region. It lies south of the regional capital, Tampere. The population of Lempäälä is approximately , while the Tampere metropolitan area, metropolitan area has a population ...
, such as Lempoinen and Lempää. According to folklore, there were Lempo's cave (''Lemmon luola'') and Lempo's hole (''Lemmon kuoppa'') in Lempäälä, the latter near the local church. It has been theorized these formations could've been caused by meteorite strikes. Local folklore states Lempo was worshipped there before the arrival of Christianity. Both formations were destroyed when a railway was built in the area. It is also possible the place names near Lempäälä originate from a name meaning a place of fire.


Demonic Lempo

After Christianity came to Finland, the reputation of Lempo worsened: it is portrayed in the folklore usually as an erratic spirit, as love can be capricious, even dangerous, and it could even take control of a being and turn them to destruction. Lempo brought down the hero
Väinämöinen () is a deity, demigod, hero and the central character in Finnish folklore and the main character in the national epic ''Kalevala'' by Elias Lönnrot. Väinämöinen was described as an old and wise man, and he possessed a potent, magical sing ...
with the help of his two demon cohorts, Hiisi and Paha. The words "lempo" and "hiisi" are also used as very mild
swear words Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally word taboo, offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such a ...
in the
Finnish language Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official langu ...
. Piru is a slightly stronger swear word.


Sukkamieli

Ganander mentioned a being called Sukkamieli () who he connected to
Asmodeus Asmodeus (; , ''Asmodaios'') or Ashmedai (; ; ; see below for other variations) is a king of demons in the legends of Solomon and the constructing of Solomon's Temple."Asmodeus" in '' The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia B ...
, who caused discord between a wedded couple to make the husband jealous ("to have black socks"). Sukkamieli was called ''mielen kääntäjä'' ("changer of minds") and was asked to change the minds of a couple in discord to be loving again. The runic song Ganander refers to has, however, never been collected from anywhere else, which has led researchers to think this song and Sukkamieli could be of later, pseudo-mythological creation. Ganander did not dare write down the sexually explicit love spells of Finnish and Karelian runic song tradition. Castrén explained the name Sukkamieli as someone who loves socks, and since socks are soft and smooth, the goddess of love was called Sukkamieli because she cared for the weakest and most tender feelings of the heart. He also refers to the verb ''suksutella'' ("to entice, to tease"). According to
Kaarle Krohn Kaarle Krohn (10 May 1863 – 19 July 1933) was a Finnish folklorist, professor and developer of the geographic-historic method of folklore research. He was born into the influential Krohn family of Helsinki. Krohn is best known outside of Finla ...
, it was originally ''siukka mieli'' ("mental illness") and the whole line ''siukkamieli-mielen kääntäjä'' ("the one who changes the mentally ill mind").Krohn, Kaarle (1912). ''Suomalaisten runojen uskonto''. Porvoo: WSOY and Finnish Literature Society. Pages: 244–245. "Changing of minds" appears frequently in love spells. One Olonets Karelian runic song speaks of the mind changer as Melutar, though the song is focused on descending through rapids. In
Kainuu Kainuu (), also historically known as Cajania (), is one of the 19 regions of Finland (''maakunta'' / ''landskap''). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic o ...
,
North Ostrobothnia North Ostrobothnia (; ) is a Regions of Finland, region of Finland. It borders the Finnish regions of Lapland (Finland), Lapland, Kainuu, Northern Savonia, North Savo, Central Finland and Central Ostrobothnia, as well as the Russian Republic of ...
and North Savo, names like Mielutar and Mielis-neiti refer to the Mistress of the Forest; in one South Savo song, Mieluutar even refers to the Mistress of Water.


See also

*
47171 Lempo 47171 Lempo, or as a binary (47171) Lempo–Hiisi (Minor planet provisional designation, provisional designation ), is a triple trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt, located in the outermost regions of the Solar System. It was discovered o ...
, a Kuiper belt object * '' Love is the Monster''


References


External links and references


The Kalevala Glossary

Taivaannaula: Lempo
Finnish gods Finnish legendary creatures Love and lust gods {{deity-stub