Lectionary 226, designated by

siglum Scribal abbreviations or sigla (singular: siglum) are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanica ...

ℓ ''226'' (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

, on parchment.

Palaeographically Palaeography ( UK) or paleography ( US; ultimately from grc-gre, , ''palaiós'', "old", and , ''gráphein'', "to write") is the study of historic writing systems and the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysi ...

it has been assigned to the 14th century. F. H. A. Scrivener labelled it by 249^evl. Some leaves of the manuscript were lost, and some leaves have survived in a fragmentary condition.

Description

The codex contains saints' day lessons from the

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...

s of

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Seco ...

Matthew Matthew may refer to: * Matthew (given name) * Matthew (surname) * ''Matthew'' (ship), the replica of the ship sailed by John Cabot in 1497 * ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith * Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Chi ...

Luke People *Luke (given name), a masculine given name (including a list of people and characters with the name) * Luke (surname) (including a list of people and characters with the name) *Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luke. Also known a ...

lectionary A lectionary ( la, lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Judaic worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an ...

(''Evangelistarium''), on 220 parchment leaves (), with

lacuna Lacuna (plural lacunas or lacunae) may refer to: Related to the meaning "gap" * Lacuna (manuscripts), a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work ** Great Lacuna, a lacuna of eight leaves where there was heroic Old Norse p ...

at the beginning. The text is written in Greek

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the Letter (alphabet), letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain lang ...

letters, in one column per page, 21 lines per page.''Handschriftenliste''
at the ''INTF'' It has accents and breathings (in red). The initial letters are decorated; some of decorations are

zoomorphic The word ''zoomorphism'' derives from the Greek ζωον (''zōon''), meaning "animal", and μορφη (''morphē''), meaning "shape" or "form". In the context of art, zoomorphism could describe art that imagines humans as non-human animals. It c ...

(birds, fishes),

anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics t ...

(hands), and other motifs. The most significant or interesting images are on folio 25 recto, 96 verso, 114 verso.CSNTM description
/ref> The manuscript contains

Menologion Menologium (), also written menology, and menologe, is a service-book used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite. From its derivation from Greek , ''menológion'', from μήν ''m� ...

, but many leaves of it were lost. Fifteen leaves are

palimpsest In textual studies, a palimpsest () is a manuscript page, either from a scroll A scroll (from the Old French ''escroe'' or ''escroue''), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. Structure A scr ...

, over writing two centuries earlier, containing in double columns lessons of the

Septuaginta The Greek Old Testament, or Septuagint (, ; from the la, septuaginta, lit=seventy; often abbreviated ''70''; in Roman numerals, LXX), is the earliest extant Greek translation of books from the Hebrew Bible. It includes several books beyond t ...

from

Book of Genesis The Book of Genesis (from Greek ; Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית ''Bəreʾšīt'', "In hebeginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, ( "In the beginning" ...

Book of Proverbs The Book of Proverbs ( he, מִשְלֵי, , "Proverbs (of Solomon)") is a book in the third section (called Ketuvim) of the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament. When translated into Greek and Latin, the title took on differ ...

, and Book of Isaiah. The palimpsest text is written in 24–27 lines per page. The other 205 leaves have only one column on a page.

History

Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 14th century. It is currently assigned by the

INTF The Institute for New Testament Textual Research (german: Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its G ...

to the 14th century. The name of the scribe is unknown. Of the early history of the codex nothing is known until the year 1864, when it was in the possession of a dealer at

Janina Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in north-western Greece. According to the 2011 census, the ci ...

(Epeiros). It was then purchased from him by a representative of

Baroness Burdett-Coutts Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or k ...

(1814–1906), for one hundred pounds, along with more than one hundred other Greek manuscripts. They were transported to England in 1870-1871. The manuscript was presented by Burdett-Coutts to Sir Roger Cholmely's School, and was housed at the Highgate (Burdett-Coutts III. 46), in London. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (number 249) and Gregory (number 226). Gregory saw it in 1883. In 1922 it was acquired for the University of Michigan. The manuscript is now housed at the

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

(Ms. 28) in

Ann Arbor Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...

. The manuscript is sporadically cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), p. XXX.

Gallery

File:Lectionary_226_GA_0020b_Epsilon.JPG, Folio 20 v, initial for epsilon File:Lectionary_226_(GA)_Epsilon_0064b.JPG, Folio 64 v, initial for epsilon File:Lectionary_226_GA_0103b_Epsilon.JPG, Folio 103 v, initial for epsilon File:Lectionary_226_GA_0125b_Epsilon.JPG, Folio 125 v, initial for epsilon File:Lectionary_226_GA_0048b_Tau.JPG, Folio 48 v, initial for

tau Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ, or \boldsymbol\tau; el, ταυ ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless dental or alveolar plosive . In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 300. The name in English ...

File:Lectionary_226_GA_0207b_Tau.JPG, Folio 207 v, initial for tau File:Lectionary_226_GA_0005b.JPG, Folio 5 verso File:Lectionary_226_GA_0025a.jpg, Folio 25 recto File:Lectionary_226_GA_0048b.JPG, Folio 48 verso File:Lectionary_226_GA_0055b.JPG, Folio 55 verso File:Lectionary_226_GA_0096b.JPG, Folio 96 verso File:Lectionary_226_GA_0114b.jpg, Folio 114 verso File:Lectionary_226_GA_0149b.JPG, Folio 149 verso File:Lectionary_226_(GA)_0202b_initial.JPG, Folio 202 verso, the decorated initial letter

Notes and references

Bibliography

* Kenneth W. Clark, ''A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America'' (Chicago, 1937), pp. 302–303.

External links

Images of Lectionary 226
at the CSNTM {{DEFAULTSORT:Lectionary 0226 Greek New Testament lectionaries 14th-century biblical manuscripts Septuagint manuscripts Palimpsests