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A lattice
bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
is a form of
truss bridge A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements (typically straight) may be stressed from tension, compression, or ...
that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The lattice Truss Bridge was patented in 1820 by architect
Ithiel Town Ithiel Town (October 3, 1784 – June 13, 1844) was an American architect and civil engineer. One of the first generation of professional architects in the United States, Town made significant contributions to American architecture in the f ...
. Originally a design to allow a substantial bridge to be made from planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters, this type of bridge has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.


Belfast truss

The ''Belfast truss'' is a cross between Town's lattice truss and the bowstring truss. It was developed in Ireland as a wide-span shallow rise roof truss for industrial structures. McTear & Co of
Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingd ...
, Ireland began fabricating these trusses in wood starting around 1866. By 1899, spans of had been achieved, and in the 20th century, shipyards and airplane hangars demanded ever greater clear spans.


Wood lattice truss bridges

* Bartonsville Covered Bridge *
Brown Covered Bridge The Brown Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge in Shrewsbury, Vermont. Located in the northwestern part of the town, it carries Upper Cold River Road over the Cold River. It was closed to vehicular traffic in 2011 due to damage from Hurric ...
* Burt Henry Covered Bridge * Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge * Euharlee Covered Bridge *
Kingsley Covered Bridge The Kingsley Covered Bridge (also called the Mill River Bridge) is a wooden covered bridge carrying East Street across the Mill River in Clarendon, Vermont. Built about 1870, it is the town's only surviving 19th-century covered bridge. The b ...

Newton Falls Covered Bridge
Newton Falls, Ohio *
Poole's Mill Covered Bridge Poole's Mill Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge crossing over Settendown Creek (tributary of the Etowah River) in Forsyth County, Georgia, United States, built in 1901. It is 96 feet long. Circa 1820, Cherokee Chief George Welch cons ...
*
Root Road Covered Bridge Root Road Bridge is a covered bridge spanning the west branch of the Ashtabula River in Monroe Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The bridge, one of currently 16 drivable bridges in the county, is a single span Town truss A latt ...
*
Waterford Covered Bridge The Waterford Covered Bridge is a Town lattice truss covered bridge spanning LeBoeuf Creek in Waterford Township, Erie County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The bridge was built in 1875, and is in length. The Waterford Covered Bridge is ...
*Watson Mill Covered
Bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...
*
Windsor Mills Covered Bridge Windsor Mills Bridge, also known as Wiswell Road Bridge or Warner Hollow Road Bridge, is a covered bridge that carries Covered Bridge Lane, formerly Wiswell Road, across Phelps Creek in Windsor Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. ...
*
Worrall Covered Bridge The Worrall Covered Bridge, also known as the Woralls Bridge is a wooden covered bridge carrying Williams Road across the Williams River in Rockingham, Vermont, United States. Built about 1870, it is the only surviving 19th-century covered br ...
*
Frankenfield Covered Bridge The Frankenfield Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that spans Tinicum Creek in Point Pleasant, Pennsylvania, United States. The bridge is located in Bucks County on Cafferty Road about southeast of Headquarters Road, near Vansant Airp ...
* Uhlerstown Covered Bridge, Pennsylvania *
Van Tran Flat Bridge Van Tran Flat Bridge, also known as the The Motts Flats Bridge and The Livingston Manor Covered Bridge, is a wooden covered bridge that crosses Willowemoc Creek in the town of Rockland, in Sullivan County, New York. The bridge was built in 1860 ...
*
Zehnder's Holz Brucke Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County, Michigan, Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,944 at the United States Census, 2010, 2010 census. The city is surrounded by Frankenmuth Township, Michigan, Frankenmuth Township ...


Iron or steel lattice truss bridges

Howard Carroll built the first completely wrought-iron lattice truss bridge. This was built for the New York Central Railroad in 1859.J. A. L. Waddell
Bridge Engineering Vol. 1
Wiley, New York, 1916; page 23. * Bennerley Viaduct * Bridge in Brown Township * Dowery Dell Viaduct, also known as
Hunnington Hunnington is a village and civil parish in the Bromsgrove District of Worcestershire, England, close to the border with West Midlands, and just south of Halesowen. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 552. History It wa ...
or Frankley Viaduct *
Kew Railway Bridge Kew Railway Bridge spans the River Thames in London, England, between Kew and Strand-on-the-Green, Chiswick. The bridge was opened in 1869. History The bridge, which was given Grade II listed structure protection in 1983, was designed by ...
*
Norwottuck Rail Trail Bridge The Norwottuck Rail Trail Bridge (also known as the Northampton Lattice Truss Bridge) is a former crossing of Boston and Maine Railroad over the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts, connecting the towns of Northampton, Massachusetts, Northa ...
* Willow Creek Bridge (1913), in
Pierce County, Nebraska Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,266. Its county seat is Pierce. The county was formed in 1859, and was named for US President Franklin Pierce. Pierce County is ...
* Upper Slate Run Bridge (1890), a 'quintangular' lattice truss in
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport. Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area. About northwest o ...


See also

*
Lattice girder A lattice girder is a truss girder where the load is carried by a web of latticed metal. Overview The lattice girder was used prior to the development of larger rolled steel plates. It has been supplanted in modern construction with welded o ...
*
Brown truss A Brown truss is a type of bridge truss, used in covered bridges. It is noted for its economical use of materials and is named after the inventor, Josiah Brown Jr., of Buffalo, New York, who patented it July 7, 1857, as US patent 17,722. Descr ...


References

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External links


Picture and description of Town's lattice trussWatson Mill Bridge, Georgia, US
Truss bridges by type