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Brown Truss
A Brown truss is a type of bridge truss, used in covered bridges. It is noted for its economical use of materials and is named after the inventor, Josiah Brown Jr., of Buffalo, New York, who patented it July 7, 1857, as US patent 17,722. Description The Brown truss is a box truss that is a through truss (as contrasted with a deck truss) and consists of diagonal cross compression members connected to horizontal top and bottom stringers. There may be vertical or almost vertical tension members (the diagram shows these members, while the patent application diagram does not) but there are no vertical members in compression. In practice, when used in a covered bridge, the most common application, the truss is protected with outside sheathing. The floor and roof are also trusses, but are horizontal and serve to give the truss rigidity. The bottoms of the diagonals tend to protrude below the sheathing. The Brown truss is noted for economy of materials as it can be built with very li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covered Bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge could last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration. European and North American truss bridges Typically, covered bridges are structures with longitudinal timber-trusses which form the bridge's backbone. Some were built as railway bridges, using very heavy timbers and doubled up lattice work. In Canada and the U.S., numerous timber covered bridges were built in the late 1700s to the late 1800s, reminiscent of earlier designs in Germany and Switzerland. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compression Member
Compression members are structural elements that are pushed together or carry a load; more technically, they are subjected only to axial compressive forces. That is, the loads are applied on the longitudinal axis through the centroid of the member cross section, and the load over the cross-sectional area gives the stress on the compressed member. In buildings, posts and columns are almost always compression members, as are the ''top chord'' of trusses. Description For a compression member, such as a column, the principal stress comes mainly from axial forces, that is forces that fall along one line, usually the centerline. The loading capacity of a short column is determined by the strength limit of the material. The strength of a column of intermediate size is limited by its degree of inelasticity. A long column is constrained by the elastic limit (that is by the amount of buckling). See also *Arch * Brown truss * List of structural elements *Strut A strut is a structura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truss Bridges By Type
A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as '' nodes''. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that are either tensile or compressive. For straight members, moments ( torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes, as is necessary f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluton (complex)
Pluton (1980s – ''Pluton-M'') is a system of deep space communications and planetary radar in Crimea. It was built in the Deep-Space Communication Center area Eighty-Fifth Radiotechnical Center of Distance Communications with Space Objects; ( uk, 85 радіотехнічний центр телекомунікації з космічними об'єктами); (russian: 85 радиотехнический центр дальней связи с космическими объектами); near Yevpatoria in 1960, and consists of at least three antennas. Three of them are of the ADU-1000 design, an assembly of eight reflector antennas, each with diameter of 16 metres. At the North Station, two receiving antennas were built, and a transmitter was constructed 8.5 kilometres away at the South Station.Don P. MitchelSoviet Telemetry Systems. Deep-Space Communication Centers./ref> Each receiving dish has a Cassegrain system with subreflectors mounted on quadrapods in front of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bowstring Truss
A bowstring joins the two ends of the bow stave and launches the arrow. Desirable properties include light weight, strength, resistance to abrasion, and resistance to water. Mass has most effect at the center of the string; of extra mass in the middle of the string slows the arrow about as much as at the ends. String forms Most bowstrings may be described as either simple, reverse-twisted, or looped. Simple strings may be made of any fiber, twisted into a single cord. Such strings have been used in many parts of the world and are still effective and fairly quick to make. However, they tend to be weaker for their weight, and they may also come apart if not kept constantly under tension. They are normally secured to the bow by a knot/round turn and two half-hitches at each end. Reverse-twisted strings are traditional in Europe and North America for most natural materials. Linen and hemp fiber have been widely used. The form is also used for modern materials. A reverse-twiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratt Truss
A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements (typically straight) may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. The basic types of truss bridges shown in this article have simple designs which could be easily analyzed by 19th and early 20th-century engineers. A truss bridge is economical to construct because it uses materials efficiently. Design The nature of a truss allows the analysis of its structure using a few assumptions and the application of Newton's laws of motion according to the branch of physics known as statics. For purposes of analysis, trusses are assumed to be pin jointed where the straight components meet, meaning that taken alone, every joint on the structure is functionally considered to be a flexible joint as opposed to a rigid joint with strength to maintain its own shape, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Howe Truss
A Howe truss is a truss bridge consisting of chords, verticals, and diagonals whose vertical members are in tension and whose diagonal members are in compression. The Howe truss was invented by William Howe in 1840, and was widely used as a bridge in the mid to late 1800s. Development The earliest bridges in North America were made of wood, which was abundant and cheaper than stone or masonry. Early wooden bridges were usually of the Towne lattice truss or Burr truss design. Some later bridges were McCallum trusses (a modification of the Burr truss). About 1840, iron rods were added to wooden bridges. The Pratt truss used wooden vertical members in compression with diagonal iron braces. The Howe truss used iron vertical posts with wooden diagonal braces. Both trusses used counter-bracing, which was becoming essential now that heavy railroad trains were using bridges. In 1830, Stephen Harriman Long received a patent for an all-wood parallel chord truss bridge. Long's bridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whites Bridge
__NOTOC__ Whites Bridge (alternatively White's Bridge) is a Brown truss covered bridge, originally erected in 1869 in Keene Township, Michigan, United States, near Smyrna on the Flat River. Carrying Whites Bridge Road across the Flat River, it is located north of the Fallasburg Bridge and south of Smyrna. The original bridge was among the area's best-known 19th century structures. The bridge was completely destroyed by fire, on the morning of July 7, 2013 (police deemed the case arson). In July 2016, approval was granted for rebuilding a replica bridge, which was completed in April 2020. History White's Bridge was the third bridge across the Flat River at or near this location south of Smyrna, which was a crossing point or ford, even before the bridges were built. The "Whites Bridge" and "Whites Crossing" names are taken from the White family, prominent pioneers of the day. The original bridge, built in 1840 by Levi T. White and his sons, was a corduroy bridge made of logs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fallasburg Bridge
Fallasburg Bridge (alternatively Fallassburgh Bridge) is a span Brown truss covered bridge, erected in 1871 in Vergennes Township, Michigan, United States, north of Lowell on the Flat River. Carrying Covered Bridge Road across the Flat, it is located in the Fallasburg Historical District south of Whites Bridge and Smyrna. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and along with Whites Bridge, Langley Covered Bridge, and Zehnder's Holz Brucke, is one of only four Michigan covered bridges open to vehicle traffic. Design The bridge uses the Brown truss system, a through truss consisting of diagonal compression beams and (optionally) almost vertical tension members (slanting in at the top toward the center of the span). This system was patented by Josiah Brown of Buffalo, New York, in 1857. The Brown truss is similar to the Howe arrangement of "X" bracing and counter bracing, but uses lighter members and less timber. It contains no upright compression members and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ada Covered Bridge
The Ada Covered Bridge is a span Brown truss covered bridge erected in 1867 in Ada, Michigan, United States. Carrying Bronson Street across the Thornapple River, it is located just south of where the Thornapple enters the Grand River, in turn just south of M-21. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Design The bridge uses the Brown truss system, consisting of diagonal compression beams and almost vertical tension members (slanting in at the top toward the center of the span), patented by Josiah Brown Jr. of Buffalo, New York, in 1857. A timber bearing Brown's name was discovered during repair work carried out in 1913.Historical marker data, fromarker detail page on michigan.org site, accessed October 09, 2006 The bridge is long, and originally rested on wooden pilings. As is typical for covered bridges, its gabled roof is covered with creosote shingles. History The Michigan State Legislature authorised Ada Township to borrow up to $3,000 for b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Character Recognition
Optical character recognition or optical character reader (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text superimposed on an image (for example: from a television broadcast). Widely used as a form of data entry from printed paper data records – whether passport documents, invoices, bank statements, computerized receipts, business cards, mail, printouts of static-data, or any suitable documentation – it is a common method of digitizing printed texts so that they can be electronically edited, searched, stored more compactly, displayed on-line, and used in machine processes such as cognitive computing, machine translation, (extracted) text-to-speech, key data and text mining. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Patents
Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications. Contents Google Patents indexes more than 87 million patents and patent applications with full text from 17 patent offices, including: * United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), * European Patent Office (EPO), * China's National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), * Japan Patent Office (JPO), * Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), * Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA), * Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), * Rospatent, * Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom), * National Institute of Industrial Property (France), * the Netherlands Patent Office, * offices of Spain, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Luxembourg. These documents include the entire collection of granted patents and published patent applications from each database (which belong to the public domain). US patent documents date back t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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