Laranjal Do Jari
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Laranjal do Jari () (''Jari Orangery'') is a
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
located in the west of the state of
Amapá Amapá (; ) is one of the 26 federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil. It is in the North Region, Brazil, North Region of Brazil. It is Federative units of Brazil#List, the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area ...
in
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. It is the only municipality in the west boundaries of Amapá, except for a small part of
Vitória do Jari Vitoria or Vitória may refer to: People * Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1483–1546), a Spanish Renaissance theologian * Alberto Vitoria (1956–2010), Spanish footballer * Rui Vitória (born 1970), Portuguese retired footballer * Sofia Vitória (bor ...
. Its population is 35,114 and its area is 30,783 km2, which makes it the largest municipality of Amapá.


History

The land was originally inhabited by Amerindians. Later businessmen set up
rubber Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Types of polyisoprene ...
plantations. The largest plantation was owned by who owned of land which made him the biggest landowner at the time. In 1948, his tenants revolted and he was forced to sell the land to Portuguese businessmen who sold it to Daniel K. Ludwig, an American billionaire, in 1964. In 1967, Ludwig conceived the
Jari project The Jari project was an attempt to create a tropical tree farm in Brazil for producing Wood pulp, pulp for paper. Background The Jari project was a brainchild of US entrepreneur and billionaire Daniel K. Ludwig. In the 1950s he noticed that dema ...
. He wanted to replace the
rainforest Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree Canopy (biology), canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropi ...
with ''
Gmelina arborea ''Gmelina arborea'', (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae. Distribution and habitat ''Gmelina arborea ...
'' for the
pulp Pulp may refer to: * Pulp (fruit), the inner flesh of fruit * Pulp (band), an English rock band Engineering * Pulp (paper), the fibrous material used to make paper * Dissolving pulp, highly purified cellulose used in fibre and film manufacture ...
industry. A planned city called
Monte Dourado Monte Dourado is a town and district in the Brazilian municipality of Almeirim, in the state of Pará. Monte Dourando is a planned town established in 1967 to house the workers for the Jari project. The city is located on the Jari River. History ...
was built in
Almeirim Almeirim () is a city and a municipality in Santarém District, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 23,376, in an area of 222.12 km2. The city proper had a population of 10,520 in 2001. History There are vestiges of mid-Paleolithic to Mesol ...
, however it was unable to provide housing for all the workers, and a
shanty town A shanty town, squatter area, squatter settlement, or squatter camp is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood, or from cheap building materials such as corrugated iron s ...
called Beiradão emerged on the other side of the
Jari River The Jari River, or Jary River (), is a northern tributary of the Amazon River on the border between the states of Pará and Amapá in northeastern Brazil. It is in the most downstream regions of the Amazon Basin and borders the Guiana Highlands ...
. The project turned into a major money losing failure, and in 1982, he sold the land. In 1987, the land became an independent municipality, and Beiradão was renamed Laranjal do Jari. The city is still mainly a river slum, and suffers from fires, floods, and open sewage.


Transport

Laranjal do Jari is connected to the
BR-156 BR-156 is a federal highway of Brazil. The road consists of 552 km between Oiapoque and Macapá, and 271 km between Macapá and Laranjal do Jari (except via Santana city), totalling 823 km of road through forest and savannah. Only the road be ...
and
BR-210 BR-210 is a federal highway of Brazil. The 411.7 kilometre road, popularly known as ' ("north perimeter"), is primarily located in the North Region, Brazil, Northern Brazilian state of Roraima, with other segments in Amazonas (Brazilian state), A ...
highways. The city of Monte Dourado can be reached by ferry.


Geography


Nature

The municipality contains 39% of the
Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve The Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve () is an extractive reserve in the state of Amapá, Brazil. It protects a region of dense rainforest, ''cerrado'' fields and flooded riparian zones that is rich in biodiversity. Formerly it was used for rubber ext ...
, created in 1990. It also contains 69% of the
Rio Iratapuru Sustainable Development Reserve The Rio Iratapuru Sustainable Development Reserve () is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amapá, Brazil. It contains a well-preserved area of terra firme forest with rich fauna. The local communities that surround the reserve use ...
, created in 1997. A part of the
Tumucumaque Mountains National Park The Tumucumaque Mountains National Park (; ) is situated in the Amazon Rainforest in the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará. It is bordered to the north by French Guiana and Suriname. History Tumucumaque was declared a national park on Augu ...
is located within the municipality.


Indigenous peoples

The Wayampi Indigenous Territory is located in the municipality and is home to the
Wayampi Wayampi or Wayãpi are an Indigenous people located in the south-eastern border area of French Guiana at the confluence of the rivers Camopi and Oyapock, and the basins of the Amapari and Carapanatuba Rivers in the central part of the states ...
and
Aparai people The Aparai or Apalai are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in Amapá and Pará states."Aparai".
''Povos Indíge ...
. The area inside Laranjal do Jari measures . A group of Wayampi have settled along the Amapari and Anakui Rivers, however information about the group is very limited.


Villages

* São Francisco do Iratapuru


References


External links


Official website
(in Portuguese) * {{Municipalities of Amapá Municipalities in Amapá Populated places in Amapá Populated places established in 1987 1987 establishments in Brazil