''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of velvet spiders that was first described by

Charles Athanase Walckenaer Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant and scientist. Biography Walckenaer was born in Paris and studied at the universities of Oxford and Glasgow. In 1793 he was appointed head of t ...

in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called ''

Eresus cinnaberinus ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' and ''Eresus niger'' are names formerly used for a group of spiders in the genus '' Eresus'' now divided into three species, '' E. kollari'', '' E. sandaliatus'' and '' E. moravicus''. The three species differ in size, colou ...

'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of three species: ''

Eresus kollari ''Eresus kollari'', the ladybird spider, is a spider species in the family Eresidae. It was first described by Walckenaer in 1802, though it was misidentified. It was later correctly described by Rossi in 1846. It is one of the three species int ...

'', ''

Eresus sandaliatus ''Eresus sandaliatus'' is a species of spider found primarily in northern and central Europe. Like other species of the genus ''Eresus'', it is commonly called ladybird spider because of the coloration of the male. ''E. sandaliatus'' is o ...

'' and ''

Eresus moravicus ''Eresus moravicus'' is a spider species in the family Eresidae found in Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Serbia, Slovakia and Albania. Being found mainly in rocky steppes. It is named after the eastern part of the Czech Republic, Moravia, which is w ...

''.

Description

They resemble both

jumping spiders Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping ...

and the spiders in the

Palpimanidae Palpimanidae, also known as palp-footed spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1890. They are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, the Mediterranean and one in ...

, as their bodies look similar, and are as well rather velvety. Males of this genus have a red abdomen, with black spotting, usually taking the form of 4 black spots. While the rest of the body is usually black, with some reddish areas or white areas. Females of this genus are duly colored usually being a grey, brown or black color. Some species having some yellow coloration, thought they are still significantly duller then the males.

Identification

Males of this genus can usually be distinguished by their unique

abdominal The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso ...

pattern. Which in the lateral areas has two pairs of black patches which is surrounded by some reddish coloration. Sometimes they also have an extra pair. Females are harder to distinguish, with a species specific dedicated identification section being needed.

Distribution

They are found in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

and

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

, usually in non-forested warm and dry habitats. Some species build a vertical

burrow An Eastern chipmunk at the entrance of its burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of s ...

which is lined with silk, the opening being camouflaged with a silken sheet of debris. While some species don't build a burrow and just make their tubes under stones.

Species

it contains twenty-four species: *''

Eresus adaleari ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of t ...

'' Zamani & Szűts, 2020 - Iran *''

Eresus albopictus ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of t ...

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1873 – Morocco, Algeria *''

Eresus bifasciatus ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of t ...

'' Ermolajev, 1937 – Russia (South Siberia) *''

Eresus crassitibialis ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called '' Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of ...

'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is. *''

Eresus granosus ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called '' Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of ...

'' Simon, 1895 – Russia (West Siberia), China *''

Eresus hermani ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called '' Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of ...

'' Kovács, Prazsák, Eichardt, Vári & Gyurkovics, 2015 – Hungary *''

'' Rossi, 1846 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia **'' Eresus k. frontalis'' Latreille, 1819 – Spain **'' Eresus k. ignicomis'' Simon, 1914 – France (Corsica) **'' Eresus k. latefasciatus'' Simon, 1911 – Algeria **'' Eresus k. tricolor'' Simon, 1873 – France (Corsica) *''

Eresus lavrosiae ''Eresus lavrosiae'' is a spider species found in Georgia. See also * List of Eresidae species References External links Eresidae Spiders of Europe Spiders of Georgia (country) Spiders described in 1997 {{Araneomorphae-stub ...

'' Mcheidze, 1997 – Georgia *''

Eresus lishizheni ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called '' Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of ...

'' 2021 - China *''

'' Řezáč, 2008 – Austria, Hungary, Czech Rep., Slovakia, Albania *''

Eresus pharaonis ''Eresus'', also called ladybird spiders, is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. Members of the genus formerly called '' Eresus cinnaberinus'' or ''Eresus niger'' are now placed in one of ...

'' Walckenaer, 1837 – Egypt *''

Eresus robustus ''Eresus robustus'' is a spider species found in Spain. See also * List of Eresidae species References External links Eresidae Spiders of Europe Fauna of Spain Spiders described in 1918 {{Araneomorphae-stub ...

'' Franganillo, 1918 – Spain *''

Eresus rotundiceps ''Eresus rotundiceps'' is a spider species found in Ukraine and Turkmenistan. See also * List of Eresidae species References Eresidae Spiders of Europe Fauna of Ukraine Spiders of Central Asia Spiders described in 1873 Taxa named ...

'' Simon, 1873 – Ukraine, Turkmenistan *'' Eresus ruficapillus''

C. L. Koch Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 – 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was born ...

, 1846 – Italy (Sicily) *''

'' (Martini & Goeze, 1778) – Europe *''

Eresus sedilloti ''Eresus sedilloti'' is a spider species found in Portugal and Spain. See also * List of Eresidae species This page lists all described species of the spider family Eresidae accepted by the World Spider Catalog : ''Adonea'' '' Adonea'' Si ...

'' Simon, 1881 – Portugal, Spain *''

Eresus solitarius ''Eresus solitarius'' is a spider species in the family Eresidae. It is found in the Mediterranean Basin In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands a ...

'' Simon, 1873 – Mediterranean *''

Eresus tristis ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' and ''Eresus niger'' are names formerly used for a group of spiders in the genus ''Eresus'' now divided into three species, '' E. kollari'', '' E. sandaliatus'' and '' E. moravicus''. The three species differ in size, colour ...

'' Kroneberg, 1875 - Kazakhstan *''

Eresus walckenaeri ''Eresus walckenaerius'' is a species of ladybird spider from the eastern Mediterranean. Description While males are very similar to those of ''Eresus sandaliatus'' or ''Eresus cinnaberinus'' the females are up to 4 cm long. The females of ...

'' Brullé, 1832 – Mediterranean **'' Eresus w. moerens'' C. L. Koch, 1846 – Afghanistan

References

External links

* Spiders of Europe Araneomorphae genera Eresidae Spiders of Africa Spiders of Asia Taxa named by Charles Athanase Walckenaer {{Araneomorphae-stub