Hajiyeh Seyyedeh Nosrat Begum Amin, also known as Banu Amin, Lady Amin ( fa, بانو امين; 1886–1983), was

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

's most outstanding female jurisprudent, theologian and great Muslim mystic (

‘arif Maʿrifa (Arabic: “interior knowledge”) is the mystical knowledge of God or the “higher realities” that is the ultimate goal of followers of Sufism. Sufi mystics came to maʿrifa by following a spiritual path that later Sufi thinkers categ ...

) of the 20th century, a ''Lady Mujtahideh''. She received numerous

ijazah An ''ijazah'' ( ar, الإِجازَة, "permission", "authorization", "license"; plural: ''ijazahs'' or ''ijazat'') is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such au ...

s (permissions) of

ijtihad ''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a l ...

, among them from Ayatollahs Muḥammad Kazim Ḥusayni Shīrāzī (1873-1947) and Grand Ayatullah

(1859-1937), the founder of the Qom seminaries (

hawza A hawza ( ar, حوزة) or ḥawzah ʿilmīyah ( ar, حوزة علمیة) is a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated. The word ''ḥawzah'' is found in Arabic as well as the Persian language. In Arabic, the word means "to hold s ...

She also granted numerous ijazahs of ijtihad to female and male scholars, among them

Sayyid Mar'ashi Najafi Shahab ad-Din Muhammad Hussain Mar'ashi Najafi (July 21, 1897 – August 29, 1990) ( ar, اية الله العظمى السيد شهابالدين الحسينى المرعشى نجفى) was an Iraqi Shia ''Grand Ayatollah'' and Marja'. Edu ...

. She wrote several books about Islamic sciences, among them a

tafsir Tafsir ( ar, تفسير, tafsīr ) refers to exegesis, usually of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' ( ar, مُفسّر; plural: ar, مفسّرون, mufassirūn). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, in ...

in 15 volumes, and established a maktab in Isfahan in 1965, called Maktab-e Fatimah. The maktab was directed since its inception until 1992 by Banu Amin's most prominent student,

Zīnah al-Sādāt Humāyūnī Zīnah al-Sādāt Humāyūnī ( fa, زینت‌السادات علویه همایونی), also Alavīyah Humāyūnī, Zinatossadat Alevi Homayooni or Homayuni, (1917 - 2 July 2016) was a female religious scholar from Isfahan, Iran, who is the mos ...

(b. 1917). After 1992, Ḥajj Āqā Ḥasan Imāmi, a relative of Humāyūnī’s, took over the directorship. Banu Amin was born into a merchant family. Nuṣrat Amīn’s husband was her cousin Haj Mirza, also known as Muīn al-Tujjar. Her father is known by the name of Haj Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAlī Amīn al-Tujjar. His sister

Hāshimīyah al-Tujjar Hāshimīyah al-Tujjar was a Lady Mujtahideh in 20th century Iran. She received ijtihād degrees in fiqh and uṣūl. Her niece, the daughter of her brother, became Iran's most prominent female religious intellectual of 20th century Iran, Nosrat ...

was a mujtahidah herself who received ijtihād degrees in

fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

and uṣūl. Further, Nuṣrat Amīn had a niece, Iffat al-Zamān Amīn (1912-1977), also known as

Iftikhār al-Tujjar Iffat al-Zaman Amin (1912 - 1977), also known as Iftikhar al-Tujjar, was a student and niece of Banu Amin, Iran's most prominent female religious scholar of the 20th century. Iffat al-Zamān Amīn received an ijazah of riwāya in Najaf from Ayat ...

, who was one of her most prominent students and who received an

of riwāya in Najaf by Ayatullah

Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi ( fa, سید محمود هاشمی شاهرودی, 15 August 1948 – 24 December 2018) was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and conservative politician who was the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council fr ...

. Banu Amin had eight children, only one of whom survived her (Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAlī Muʿīn Amīn). She was buried at the Takht-e Fulad Cemetery in Isfahan.See Badry, Roswitha. ‘Zum Profil weiblicher ‘Ulama’ in Iran: Neue Rollenmodelle für ‘islamische Feministinnen’?’, in Die Welt des Islams XL, no. 1. (March 2000), 7-40.

Works

* al-Arbaʿīn al-Hāshimīyyah * Jā̄miʿ al-shatāt * Al-Nafaḥāt al-Raḥmānīyah fī al-Vāridāt al-Qalbīyah * Sayr va Sulūk dar Ravish-i Awliyāʼ-i Allāh * Akhlāq va Rahi Sa‘adat: Iqtibas va tarjamih az Taharat al-Iraqi Ibn Maskuyih * Ravish-i Khushbakhtī va Tawsīyih bih Khāharān-i Imani * Makhzan al-ʿirfān dar ʿulūm-i Qurʾān * Makhzan al-laālī dar fazīlat-i mawlá al-mawālī hazrat-i Alī ibn Abītālib * Maʿād, yā Ākharīn Sayr-i Bashar

Biographies and documentation

* ʻAmū Khalīlī, Marjān. Kawkab-i durrī: harḥ-i ahvāl-i bānū-ye mujtahidah Amīn (Tehran: Payām-e ʻAdālat, 1379

000 Triple zero, Triple Zero, Zero Zero Zero, Triple 0, Triple-0, 000, or 0-0-0 may refer to: * 000 (emergency telephone number), the Australian emergency telephone number * "Triple Zero", a song by AFI from ''Shut Your Mouth and Open Your Eyes'' * Th ...

. * Bāqirī Bīdʾhindī, Nāṣir. Bānū-yi nimūnah: gilwahāyī az ḥayāt-i bānū-yi mujtahidah Amīn Iṣfahānī, (Daftar-i Tablīqat-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawzah-yi ʿilmīyah-yi - Islamic Propagation Office of the Religious Seminaries Qom), Markaz-i Intishārāt, Qom 1382

003 003, O03, 0O3, OO3 may refer to: *003, fictional British 00 Agent *003, former emergency telephone number for the Norwegian ambulance service (until 1986) *1990 OO3, the asteroid 6131 Towen * OO3 gauge model railway *''O03 (O2)'' and other related ...

* Tayyibī, Nāhīd. Zindagānī-yi Bānū-yi Īrānī: Bānū-yi Mujtahidah Nuṣrat al-Sādāt Amīn, (Qom: Sābiqūn Publishers, 1380

001 001, O01, or OO1 may refer to: *1 (number), a number, a numeral *001, fictional British agent, see 00 Agent *001, former emergency telephone number for the Norwegian fire brigade (until 1986) *AM-RB 001, the code-name for the Aston Martin Valkyrie ...

. * Majmūʻah-ʾi maqālāt wa sukhanrānīhā-yi avvalīn wa duvumīn Kungrih-ʾi Buzurgdāsht-i Bānū-yi Mujtahidah Sayyidah Nuṣrat Amīn (rah), Markaz-i Muṭālaʻāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, Daftar-i Muṭālaʻāt-i Farhangī-i Bānūwān, Qom, 1995 (1374). * Yādnāmah-i bānū-yi mujtahidah Nuṣrat al-Sādāt Amīn: mashhūr bih Bānū-yi Īrāni, (Isfahan: Vizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī; Markaz-i Muṭālaʿāt-i wa Tahqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1371

992 Year 992 ( CMXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Worldwide * Winter – A superflare from the sun causes an Aurora Borealis, with visibility as fa ...

References and notes

External links

Lady Nusrat Beygum Amin's biography

Al-Islam.org The Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project (Ahlul Bayt DILP), established in 1996, is a non-profit Islamic organization that features work from a group of volunteers operating throughout the world. It operates the website Al-Islam.org – whose primar ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amin, Lady 1886 births 1983 deaths 20th-century Muslim theologians Iranian women writers Iranian writers Women scholars of Islam Iranian Shia scholars of Islam Iranian Muslim mystics Female Shia scholars of Islam Female Islamic religious leaders Female Sufi mystics Muslim scholars of Islamic jurisprudence

Works

Biographies and documentation

Further reading

See also

References and notes

External links