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Hāshimīyah Al-Tujjar
Hāshimīyah al-Tujjar was a Lady Mujtahideh in 20th century Iran. She received ijtihād degrees in fiqh and uṣūl. Her niece, the daughter of her brother, became Iran's most prominent female religious intellectual of 20th century Iran, Nosrat Amin of Isfahan.See Mirjam Künkler and Roja Fazaeli, ‘The Life of Two Mujtahidas: Female Religious Authority in 20th Century Iran’, in ''Women, Leadership and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority'', ed. Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach (Brill Publishers, 2012), 127-160. There are indications that the work of Nosrat Amin titled "al-Arbaʿīn al-Hāshimīyah" may have been begun by Hāshimīyah al-Tujjar. References {{DEFAULTSORT:al-Tujjar, Hashimiyah 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Women scholars of Islam Iranian Shia scholars of Islam 20th-century Iranian women Female Shia scholars of Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mojtahed
''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. It is contrasted with ''taqlid'' (imitation, conformity to legal precedent). According to classical Sunni theory, ''ijtihad'' requires expertise in the Arabic language, theology, revealed texts, and principles of jurisprudence (''usul al-fiqh''), and is not employed where authentic and authoritative texts (Qur'an and Hadith) are considered unambiguous with regard to the question, or where there is an existing scholarly consensus (''ijma''). ''Ijtihad'' is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ''ijtihad'' is called as a "'' mujtahid''". Throughout the first five Islamic centuries, the practice of ''ijtihad'' continued both theoretically and practic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |