Kung Fu Panda (film)

''Kung Fu Panda'' is a 2008 American animated martial arts comedy film directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne, from a screenplay and story respectively written by the writing teams of Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger, and Ethan Reiff and Cyrus Voris. Produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the first installment in the ''Kung Fu Panda'' franchise. Starring the voice of Jack Black, the film, set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic animals, centers on a bumbling giant panda named Po, a kung fu enthusiast living in the Valley of Peace. When the savage snow leopard Tai Lung is foretold to escape imprisonment and attack the Valley, Po is unwittingly named the "Dragon Warrior", a prophesied hero worthy of reading a scroll that has been intended to grant its reader limitless power.

The film's publicized work began in October 2004, and was conceived by Michael Lachance, a DreamWorks Animation executive, originally as a parody of martial arts films. However, director Stevenson decided to instead make an action-comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero's journey narrative archetype for the lead character. The main characters' animation was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before. The project was officially announced in September 2005. Like most DreamWorks Animation films, the score for ''Kung Fu Panda'' was composed by Hans Zimmer, this time collaborating with John Powell; Zimmer visited China to absorb the culture, and used the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of the scoring process.

''Kung Fu Panda'' premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival on May 15, 2008, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 6. It grossed $631.7 million on a budget of $130 million, making it the third most successful film of 2008 and the highest-grossing animated film of the year worldwide, in addition to having the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks film at the American and Canadian box office, behind the ''Shrek'' franchise. It received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for an Academy Award, as well as a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Film, but lost both to ''WALL-E''.

The film's success spawned a multimedia franchise including three sequels. The first, ''Kung Fu Panda 2'', followed in 2011.

Plot

In the Valley of Peace in ancient China, a giant panda named Po helps his adoptive goose father Mr. Ping run their noodle restaurant but dreams of joining the Furious Five—Tigress, Monkey, Crane, Viper, and Mantis—a group of kung fu masters trained by Master Shifu, a cranky red panda. One day, Master Oogway, the founder of kung fu and the Valley's spiritual leader, predicts Shifu's former apprentice, the snow leopard Tai Lung, will escape and attack the Valley for the Dragon Scroll, an artifact granting limitless power that he was denied. In response, Shifu sends his assistant Zeng to strengthen security at Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is held.

Shifu holds a tournament to identify the Dragon Warrior, the prophesied hero worthy of reading the Scroll, which Po arrives late to. Eager to see his idols, he tries various ways to enter the arena. Using a chair propelled by fireworks, Po unintentionally lands in front of the Five during the tournament as Oogway unexpectedly declares him the Dragon Warrior. Shifu believes Oogway's choice is an accident, and the Five dismiss Po after a rough first day of training, leaving him dejected and considering quitting. However, Oogway encourages him to persevere through Shifu's challenging training, and Po gradually befriends the Five with his resilience and humor. Tigress reveals that Shifu's toughness comes from his shame over Tai Lung's betrayal and having raised him as an infant.

At the prison, Tai Lung uses one of Zeng's feathers to escape, eliminating the guards and sending Zeng back. Learning the bad news from Zeng, Shifu warns Oogway, who makes Shifu promise to believe in Po as the Dragon Warrior and names him his successor before ascending to the Spirit Realm. Shifu then tells Po and the Five about Tai Lung's escape, claiming Po is the only one who can stop him. Horrified by the goal and Oogway's death, Po tries to run away, but Shifu stops him. When asked why he stayed, Po admits he disliked his former self but believed Shifu could change him. Po then makes Shifu confess that he does not know how to train him as the Dragon Warrior. Tigress overhears and leads the Five in a secret attempt to stop Tai Lung themselves.

Meanwhile, Shifu realizes Po's full potential for physical feats when food motivates him, so he trains Po in a unique kung fu style. The Five confront Tai Lung, who defeats them with his nerve-strike technique, leaving only Crane to return the Five as a warning. Shifu decides Po is ready for the Dragon Scroll, but Po discovers it is blank. Thinking the Scroll is powerless, Shifu sends Po and the Five to evacuate the Valley while he faces Tai Lung alone. To comfort a distraught Po, Mr. Ping reveals his "secret ingredient soup" has no secret ingredient at all, stating that belief can make things special. Understanding this is the Dragon Scroll's message, Po rushes back to help Shifu.

At the Jade Palace, Tai Lung brutally defeats Shifu, only to find the Scroll is missing. Po arrives with the Scroll and engages Tai Lung in combat with confusing techniques to gain an advantage. Tai Lung gets the Scroll but cannot understand its blank surface. Enraged, he uses a nerve-strike on Po, who remains unaffected due to his body fat. Po overpowers Tai Lung and banishes him to the Spirit Realm with the Wuxi Finger Hold technique, which he taught himself. Honored as a hero by the residents and the Five for saving the Valley, Po relaxes with a recovered Shifu before they decide to go eat.

Voice cast

* Jack Black as Po, an energetic and accident-prone yet heroic panda and die-hard kung-fu fan who eventually becomes The Dragon Warrior
* Ian McShane as Tai Lung, an arrogant and aggressive snow leopard who was formerly Shifu's adoptive son and student
** Riley Osborne as young Tai Lung
*Dustin Hoffman as Master Shifu, an elderly and strict red panda and kung fu master to the Furious Five, and Po and Tai Lung's old master/adopted father
* The Furious Five:
** Angelina Jolie as Master Tigress, a no-nonsense and tough-as-nails tiger and leader of the Furious Five
** Seth Rogen as Master Mantis, a dry-humored mantis
** Lucy Liu as Master Viper, a sweet and good-natured viper
** David Cross as Master Crane, a pragmatic and sarcastic crane
** Jackie Chan as Master Monkey, an easy-going monkey. Chan reprised his role in the film's Chinese dub.
* Randall Duk Kim as Grand Master Oogway, an ancient Galápagos tortoise and Shifu's mentor
* James Hong as Mr. Ping, Po's adoptive father, a happy-go-lucky goose who runs a noodle-restaurant
* Dan Fogler as Zeng, a timid palace goose and Shifu's messenger
* Michael Clarke Duncan as Commander Vachir, a hubristic and boastful rhinoceros who is the warden of Chorh-Gom Prison, where Tai Lung is imprisoned
Kyle Gass and JR Reed voice KG Shaw and JR Shaw, respectively, two pigs who come across Po before the Dragon Warrior tournament. Other actors with minor voice roles include Wayne Knight, Laura Kightlinger and Kent Osborne. The film's directors, John Stevenson and Mark Osborne, also have small voice roles.

Production

DreamWorks Animation had previously produced a PlayStation video game with a similar premise, '' T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger'', in 1999 under its defunct video game division, DreamWorks Interactive (now known as Danger Close Games). In spring 2004, Eric Whitacre wrote a setting of ''The Seal Lullaby'', the opening poem of '' The White Seal'' by Rudyard Kipling, which DreamWorks intended to adapt for an animated feature. A few weeks later, it was decided to abandon the idea and start production on ''Kung Fu Panda'' instead. Publicized work on the film began in October 2004. In September 2005, DreamWorks announced the film alongside Jack Black, who was selected to be the main voice star.

In November 2005, DreamWorks announced that Dustin Hoffman, Jackie Chan, Lucy Liu and Ian McShane would join Black in the cast. This is also the second DreamWorks Animation film in which Black and Angelina Jolie have co-starred together (the first being 2004's ''Shark Tale'').

The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance, a DreamWorks Animation executive. Initially, the idea was to make it a spoof, but co-director John Stevenson was not particularly keen on it and instead chose the direction of a character-based wuxia comedy.

The screenplay for the film was written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger, whom before were writers and producers for various TV series, including '' The George Carlin Show'', ''Mad TV'', and ''King of the Hill'', with a story conceived by Ethan Reiff and Cyrus Voris. Reportedly inspired by Stephen Chow's 2004 martial arts action comedy film, ''Kung Fu Hustle'', the directors wanted to make sure the film had an authentic Chinese and kung fu feel to it. Production designer Raymond Zibach and art director Tang Heng spent years researching Chinese painting, sculpture, architecture and kung fu films to help create the look of the film. Zibach said that some of the biggest influences for him were the more artful martial arts films, such as ''Hero'', '' House of Flying Daggers'' and ''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon''. Stevenson's aim for the film, which took four years to make, was to make "the best looking film DreamWorks has ever made".

The hand-drawn animation sequence at the beginning of the film was made to resemble Chinese shadow puppetry. The opening, which was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and produced by James Baxter, was praised by ''The New York Times'' reviewer Manohla Dargis as "striking" and "visually different from most mainstream American animations".

Other reviewers have compared the opening to the evocative style of Genndy Tartakovsky's Cartoon Network series '' Samurai Jack''. The rest of the film is modern computer animation, which uses bright, offbeat colors to evoke the natural landscape of China. The end credit sequence also features hand-drawn characters and still paintings in the background.

The computer animation used throughout the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before. When the head of the production handed the script to VFX Supervisor Markus Manninen, she reportedly laughed and wished him "good luck". "When we started talking", said Manninen, "the movie was still a high concept. But for everyone that looked at it, it screamed complexity. We launched off by saying, how can you make this movie tangible? How can you find smart ways to bring this world to life in a way that makes it a great movie and not feel like the complexity becomes the driver of the story, but the story and the emotion being the driver?" In preparation, the animators took a six-hour kung fu class.

Producer Melissa Cobb said that Po was originally "more of a jerk", but that the character changed after they heard Black. According to Black, he worked mostly "in isolation", although he and Dustin Hoffman did spend a day together, which Cobb said helped with the scene in which their characters face off. Lucy Liu said that the film "was quite different because it was such a long process". Liu said that when she was presented with the project, they already had artwork of her character, as well as a "short computerized video version of what she would look like when she moved".

Release

Theatrical

The film held its world premiere at the 61st Cannes Film Festival on May 15, 2008, where it received massive and sustained applause at the end of the film's screening. ''Kung Fu Panda'' later had national premieres in IMAX in the United States on June 1, 2008, at AMC and Regal Cinemas in Hollywood, California, and in the United Kingdom on June 26, 2008, at Leicester Square in London. To promote the film's Japanese release, a manga based on the story was released in Japan in the September 2008 issue of Kerokero Ace magazine. The illustrations were done by Takafumi Adachi.

Home media

''Kung Fu Panda'' was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 9, 2008, and on 3D Blu-ray on December 6, 2011, as a Best Buy exclusive. The DVD double-disc release of ''Kung Fu Panda'' also includes the short animated film, '' Secrets of the Furious Five''. The film was released on 4K UHD on March 12, 2024, and included the short film Secrets of the Scroll. ''Kung Fu Panda'' was released on Peacock on June 6, 2024.

With 7,486,642 DVD units sold in 2008, ''Kung Fu Panda'' was the fourth highest-selling film and the highest-selling animated film of 2008, above ''WALL-E'', which sold 7,413,548 units. As of February 2010, 17.4 million home entertainment units were sold worldwide.

Reception

Box office

The film topped the box office in its opening weekend, grossing $60.2 million for a $14,642 average from 4,114 theaters, and performing much better than analysts had been expecting. It was also the highest-grossing opening for a non-sequel DreamWorks Animation film at the time. In its second weekend, the film retreated 44% to second place behind '' The Incredible Hulk'', grossing $33.6 million, for a $8,127 average, from expanding to 4,136 theaters. It closed October 9, 2008, after 125 days of release, grossing $215.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $416.3 million overseas, for a worldwide total of $631.7 million. ''Kung Fu Panda'' was the highest-grossing non-''Shrek'' film from DreamWorks Animation in the United States and Canada before it was surpassed by ''How to Train Your Dragon'' in 2010.

Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes reports that of reviewers gave the film a positive review; the average rating is . The website's consensus reads: "''Kung Fu Panda'' has a familiar message, but the pleasing mix of humor, swift martial arts action, and colorful animation makes for winning summer entertainment." At Metacritic, the film has an average score of 74 out of 100, based on 36 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on a scale of A+ to F.

Richard Corliss of ''Time'' magazine gave ''Kung Fu Panda'' a positive review, stating the picture "provides a master course in cunning visual art and ultra-satisfying entertainment".

''The New York Times'' said, "At once fuzzy-wuzzy and industrial strength, the tacky-sounding ''Kung Fu Panda'' is high concept with a heart," and the review called the film "consistently diverting" and "visually arresting".

Chris Barsanti of Filmcritic.com commented, "Blazing across the screen with eye-popping, sublime artwork, ''Kung Fu Panda'' sets itself apart from the modern domestic animation trend with its sheer beauty ... the film enters instant classic status as some of the most gorgeous animation Hollywood has produced since the golden age of Disney."

Michael Phillips of the ''Chicago Tribune'' called the film "one of the few comedies of 2008 in any style or genre that knows what it's doing".

However, Tom Charity of CNN criticized the action for tending "to blur into a whirlwind of slapstick chaos", and considered the character of Po too similar to others played by Black.

Peter Howell of ''The Toronto Star'' awarded the film two and a half stars, considering it to have a "lack of story" that "frequently manages to amuse, if not entirely to delight".

''Kung Fu Panda'' was also well received in China. It made nearly 110 million yuan by July 2, 2008, becoming the first animated film to earn more than 100 million yuan in China. The Chinese director Lu Chuan commented, "From a production standpoint, the movie is nearly perfect. Its American creators showed a very sincere attitude about Chinese culture." The film's critical and commercial success in China led to some local introspection about why no film like ''Kung Fu Panda'' had been produced in China, with commentators attributing the problem variously to lower film budgets in China, too much government oversight, a dearth of national imagination, and an overly reverent attitude to China's history and cultural icons.

The Slovenian philosopher, cultural theorist and public intellectual, Slavoj Žižek, offered an admiration of ''Kung Fu Panda'' when he was invited to the talk show, ''Charlie Rose''.

Accolades

''Kung Fu Panda'' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film. Jack Black joked about the film's underdog status at the 81st Academy Awards, saying, "Each year, I do one DreamWorks project, then I take all the money to the Oscars and bet it on Pixar."

By contrast, ''Kung Fu Panda'' won ten Annie Awards (including Best Animated Feature) out of sixteen nominations, which sparked controversy, with some accusing DreamWorks head Jeffrey Katzenberg of rigging the vote by buying ASIFA-Hollywood memberships (with voting power) for everyone at DreamWorks Animation.

Soundtrack

Composer Hans Zimmer scored ''Kung Fu Panda''. Zimmer visited China to absorb the culture, and got to know the Chinese National Symphony as part of his preparation. Timbaland also contributed to the soundtrack. The soundtrack also includes a partially rewritten version of the classic song, " Kung Fu Fighting", performed by Cee-Lo Green and Jack Black for the end credits. In some versions, the end credit was sung by Rain. Although Zimmer was originally announced as the main composer of the film, CEO of DreamWorks Animation SKG Jeffrey Katzenberg announced during a test screening that composer John Powell would also be contributing to the score. This marked the first collaboration in eight years for the two, who had previously worked together on DreamWorks's ''The Road to El Dorado'' and the action-thriller '' Chill Factor''. The soundtrack album was released by Interscope Records June 3, 2008.

Spin-offs

Manga

A manga based on the film was released in Japan in '' Kerokero Ace'' magazine's September 2008 issue. It was written by Hanten Okuma and illustrated by Takafumi Adachi.

Television series

A television series titled '' Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness'' aired on Nickelodeon, with its premiere September 19, 2011. From the cast of ''Kung Fu Panda'', only Lucy Liu and James Hong reprised their roles of Master Viper and Mr. Ping, respectively. In the series, Po continues to defend the Valley of Peace from all kinds of villains while making mistakes, learning about the history of kung fu, and meeting other kung fu masters. In the United States, the series ended its run June 29, 2016, with a total of three seasons and 80 episodes. However, prior to premiering in the U.S., the final few episodes premiered in Germany from December 30, 2014, to January 7, 2015.

'' Kung Fu Panda: The Paws of Destiny'' is an animated web-television series produced by DreamWorks Animation, released for Amazon Prime November 16, 2018. It is the second TV series in the ''Kung Fu Panda'' franchise, following ''Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness''. Mick Wingert reprised his role as Po from ''Legends of Awesomeness''.

A third series, also set after ''Kung Fu Panda 3'', titled '' Kung Fu Panda: The Dragon Knight'', premiered on Netflix in July 2022, with Jack Black reprising his role as Po.

Holiday special

The television holiday special, titled '' Kung Fu Panda Holiday'', aired on NBC Wednesday, November 24, 2010.

Video game

A video game adaptation of the film was published June 3, 2008, by Activision. The game was released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS and PC platforms. The plot follows the same basic plot as the film, but with Tai Lung portrayed as the leader of various gangs that surround the Valley of Peace, which Po, who possesses some basic martial art skills that can be upgraded as the game progresses, must defeat. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, as well as multiple consoles.

The game received mostly positive reviews. It scored a Metacritic rating of 76%, and a 7.5 out of 10 from IGN. In 2009, it won the International Animated Film Society's Annie Award for Best Animated Video Game, "in recognition of creative excellence in the art of animation".

Sequels

Following the financial success of ''Kung Fu Panda'', DreamWorks Animation began development on a sequel. ''Kung Fu Panda 2'' surpassed the box-office take of the first film, and received a similarly positive critical and audience response. A third film, ''Kung Fu Panda 3'', was released in 2016, becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 2016. '' Kung Fu Panda 4'' released on March 8, 2024.

Literature

* 2008: Susan Korman: ''Kung Fu Panda - The Junior Novel'' (Novelization), HarperFestival,

Lawsuits

DreamWorks Animation was sued in 2011 by a writer, Terence Dunn, for allegedly stealing the idea for ''Kung Fu Panda'' from him. Dunn alleged that DreamWorks Animation had stolen his pitch for a "spiritual kung-fu fighting panda bear" that he sent to a DreamWorks executive in 2001. DreamWorks Animation denied any wrongdoing, and after a two-week trial, the jurors found in favor of DreamWorks.

In 2011, another lawsuit was brought against the studio by an illustrator named Jayme Gordon. Gordon had supposedly created characters under the name "Kung Fu Panda Power" and registered them with the U.S. Copyright Office in 2000. He had allegedly pitched this concept to Disney while Jeffrey Katzenberg, who left Disney and formed DreamWorks Animation in 1994, was working there. Gordon withdrew his claim just before the trial was due to take place. On December 20, 2015, federal prosecutors charged Gordon with four counts of wire fraud and three counts of perjury for allegedly fabricating and backdating drawings to support the claims in his lawsuit, and for allegedly tracing some of his drawings from a coloring book featuring characters from Disney's ''The Lion King'' franchise. On November 18, 2016, Gordon was convicted for wire fraud and perjury, facing a sentence of up to 25 years in prison. In May 2017, he was sentenced to two years in federal prison and ordered to pay $3 million in restitution.

See also

* '' Enter the Fat Dragon'' (1978)
* '' T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger'' (1999)
* '' Legend of a Rabbit'' (2011)
* Shifu (or sifu), which means "skillful person" or a "master"

Notes

References

External links

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2000s children's comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s fantasy comedy films
2008 action comedy films
2008 American animated films
2008 computer-animated films
2008 directorial debut films
2008 martial arts films
American action comedy films
American animated films about revenge
American computer-animated films
American fantasy comedy films
American martial arts comedy films
Animated films about big cats
Animated films about talking animals
Animated films set in China
Best Animated Feature Annie Award winners
DreamWorks Animation films
English-language action comedy films
English-language fantasy comedy films
Films adapted into television shows
Films directed by John Stevenson
Films directed by Mark Osborne
Films scored by Hans Zimmer
Films scored by John Powell
Films with screenplays by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger
IMAX films
Kung fu films
Kung Fu Panda films
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award–winning films
Snow leopards in popular culture
Paramount Pictures animated films
Wuxia films