Konstantin Stepanovich Eremeev (Russian: Константи́н Степа́нович Ереме́ев; 6 June 1874,

Minsk Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administra ...

– 28 January 1931,

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

) was a Russian

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, ...

revolutionary,

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

military leader, journalist and newspaper editor.

Life and revolutionary career

Early years and activity

Eremeev was born in Minsk in the family of a

non-commissioned officer A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is an enlisted rank, enlisted leader, petty officer, or in some cases warrant officer, who does not hold a Commission (document), commission. Non-commissioned officers usually earn their position of authority b ...

of peasant origins. From 1893 to 1895 he served as a volunteer in an infantry regiment in

Vilna Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...

and was promoted to a non-commissioned officer. A year later he joined the a social democratic organization in Vilna. In 1897 he was arrested, imprisoned in the

Warsaw Fortress Warsaw Fortress (, ) was a system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a Western Russian fortresses, chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland an ...

and later exiled to Urzhum then to

Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk (, ; Karelian language, Karelian, Veps language, Vepsian and ) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022. ...

for two years. In 1903 he joined the

faction of the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...

and was again arrested and exiled. In 1904, he fled from exile and emigrated. Eremeev returned to Russia in 1906. After returning, he became involved in revolutionary work and was engaged in literary activity. From 1910 to 1914 he worked in the editorial offices of the newspapers ''Zvezda'' and ''

Pravda ''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, 'Truth') is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most in ...

''. In the years 1915–1916 he edited the magazine Voprosy Strakhovaniya. From 1915, a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP. From 1916, he served on the committee of the All-Russian Zemstvo and City Union ( Zemgor) in the rear of the 6th Army of the Northern Front. He led the military organization of the North Baltic Committee of the RSDLP (b) and conducted revolutionary propaganda among the soldiers.

During the Russian Revolution

After the

February Revolution The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...

of 1917, he arrived in Petrograd and on March 4, Eremeev was appointed a member of the editorial board of ''Pravda'', with a detachment of workers and soldiers seized the printing house of the newspaper Selskiy Vestnik, where ''Pravda'' began to be published on March 5. On March 27, he was introduced to the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. He worked in the editorial offices of ''Pravda'' and Soldatskaya ''Pravda'' and was a member of the Military Organization under the PC and the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b). In June, he took part in the All-Russian conference of front and rear military organizations of the RSDLP (b). During the seizure of the Pravda editorial office on July 5 by a detachment of the Provisional Government, Eremeev was arrested, but not identified as an editor and was soon released. After the

July events July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called ...

, he hid in

Sestroretsk Sestroretsk (; ; ) is a municipal town in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the Sestra River and the Sestroretskiy Lake northwest of St. Petersburg. Po ...

. In August, again as an employee of Zemgor, he left for the Northern Front, worked in the North Baltic organization of the RSDLP (b). In October Eremeev returned to Petrograd and participated in the formation of the

Red Guard The Red Guards () were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolition in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.Teiwes According to a ...

detachments, and led the revolutionary agitation in the garrison units. He was a member of the

Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee The Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (PMRC) () was a militant group of the Petrograd Soviet and one of several military revolutionary committees that were created in the Russian Republic. Initially the committee was created on 25 Oc ...

and on October 24 he headed the headquarters of a group of revolutionary troops. On October 25, he was introduced to the Field Headquarters of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, commanded detachments of the Red Guard and revolutionary soldiers during the

storming of the Winter Palace A storm is any disturbed state of the natural environment or the atmosphere of an astronomical body. It may be marked by significant disruptions to normal conditions such as strong wind, tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm) ...

from the Field of Mars. Took part in the liquidation of the Kerensky-Krasnov mutiny as the commissar of the group of Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Muravyev and participated in the arrest of General

Pyotr Krasnov Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov (; – 17 January 1947), also known as Peter Krasnov, was a Russian military leader, writer and later Nazi collaborator. Krasnov served as a lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and la ...

. In early November, he was sent at the head of a combined detachment of revolutionary forces to help the armed uprising in

After the Revolution in Soviet Russia

In November 1917 he became a member of the board of the

People's Commissariat for Military Affairs The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union was the central body of military command and control of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union from November 12, 1923, to March 15, 1934. History The People's Commissari ...

of the

RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

and from December 1917 to March 1918 he was temporarily acting as the commander-in-chief of the troops of the

Petrograd military district The Petersburg Military District (Питербургский вое́нный о́круг) was a Military District of the Russian Empire originally created in August 1864 following Order B-228 of Dmitry Milyutin, the Minister of War of the Russian ...

. He was the founder and editor of the newspaper ''Army and Fleet of Workers' and Peasants' of Russia'' and was the author of the

Red Star A red star, five-pointed and filled, is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle, but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. ...

emblem. During the offensive of the German troops in February 1918, he was a member of the Revolutionary Defense Committee of Petrograd. Took part in the formation of the first units and formations of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

. From April to May 1918 he was military commissar of the Petrograd Labor Commune. In June 1918 he was head of the publishing house of the

All-Russian Central Executive Committee The All-Russian Central Executive Committee () was (June – November 1917) a permanent body formed by the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (held from June 16 to July 7, 1917 in Petrograd), then became the ...

in Moscow. During the Left SR revolt in July, he led the security of the

Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin (fortification), Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Mosco ...

and the

Bolshoi Theater The Bolshoi Theatre ( rus, Большо́й теа́тр, r=Bol'shoy teatr, p=bɐlʲˈʂoj tʲɪˈat(ə)r, t=Grand Theater) is a historic opera house in Moscow, Russia, originally designed by architect Joseph Bové. Before the October Revoluti ...

which hosted the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets. From 1919 to1922 he authorized the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (b) for mobilization into the Red Army. In the summer of 1919 he was sent to the Southern Front and commanded the

Voronezh Voronezh ( ; , ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects wes ...

fortified area. In 1922 he was one of the founders and vice chairman of the state publishing house

Gosizdat State Publishing House of the RSFSR (Russian: Госуда́рственное изда́тельство РСФСР), also known as Gosizdat (Госиздат), was a publishing house founded in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on ...

and editor of ''Rabochaya'' ''Gazeta''. Eremeev was also the first chief editor of the first Soviet satirical magazine ''

Krokodil ''Krokodil'' ( rus, Крокодил, p=krəkɐˈdʲil, a= Ru-крокодил.ogg, ) was a Humor magazine , satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union and later Russia. The first issue was published on 27 August 1922 as the satirical supp ...

''. From 1923 he was member of the RVS of the Baltic Fleet and from 1924 a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. At the 13th Congress of the RCP (b) he was elected a member of the Central Control Commission. In 1925 he became Head of the Political Directorate of the Baltic Fleet. In December he was a delegate to the 14th Congress of the VKP (b). In 1926 he led important assignments at the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. After his demobilization in 1926 and until the end of 1929 he was the representative of the JSC "Soviet Merchant Fleet" in France From 1929 to 1931 he was editor of the Krasnaya Niva magazine. During the later years of his life, he authored of a number of essays and memoirs on the October Revolution and the Civil War. He died on 28 January 1931 of cardiac paralysis, while undergoing long-term treatment in the Kremlin hospital. On February 13, the urn with his ashes was brought to

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

and on the same day after the funeral ceremony was buried on the

Field of Mars The term Field of Mars () goes back to antiquity, and designates an area, inside or near a city, used as a parade or exercise ground by the military. Notable examples of places which were used for these purposes include: * Campus Martius, an area i ...

Works

* ''Experienced. Stories and Memoirs.'' Petrozavodsk, 1964. * ''Lenin and the Working class. Meetings with Ilyich'', L. , 1924. * ''Flame. Episodes of the October Days,'' M. 1928. M. – L., 1930.

Awards

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner () was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. It was the highest award of S ...

Memory

* In 1962, a street was named after KS Eremeev in Petrozavodsk . * 7In 1974 one of the streets of Voronezh received the name of K.S. Eremeev. * In 1960–1991. the creative work of the best journalists of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was awarded with the annual prize named after K. S. Eremeev.

Literature

* American Civil War – Yokota / nder total. ed. N. V. Ogarkova – M .: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1979, 678 p. – ( Soviet military encyclopedia :

n 8 volumes N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

1976–1980, vol. 3). * Bolshevik-Pravdist. Memories of KS Eremeev. – M .: Pravda, 1965. * ''Kondratyev F.G.'' Konstantin Eremeev. – Petrozavodsk: Karelian Book Publishing House, 1964. * Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / ch. ed. A.F. Titov. T. 1: A — Y. – Petrozavodsk, 2007, 400 p. – p. 325 (vol. 1)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eremeev, Konstantin 1874 births 1931 deaths Politicians from Minsk Journalists from Minsk People from Minsky Uyezd Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Old Bolsheviks Soviet Army officers Soviet journalists Pravda people Soviet newspaper editors Non-commissioned officers Krokodil editors People of the Russian Revolution Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner Burials on the Field of Mars (Saint Petersburg)