''Kobzarstvo'' () in the wider definition, is the art and related culture of singing to the accompaniment of the Ukrainian plucked string instruments ''
bandura
A bandura ( ) is a Ukrainians, Ukrainian plucked string instrument, plucked-string folk-instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often called a kobza. Early instruments () had 5 to 12 strings and ...
'' and ''
kobza
The kobza (), also called bandura () is a Ukrainian folk music instrument of the lute family (Hornbostel-Sachs classification number 321.321-5+6), a relative of the Central European mandora. The term ''kobza'' however, has also been applied to ...
'', as well as the Ukrainian hurdy-gurdy, which is called ''
lira
Lira is the name of several currency units. It is the current Turkish lira, currency of Turkey and also the local name of the Lebanese pound, currencies of Lebanon and of Syrian pound, Syria. It is also the name of several former currencies, ...
''.
More specifically, it deals with the related culture of the blind professional itinerant folk singers, known as the
kobzar
A ''kobzar'' ( ; ) was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment, played on a multistringed kobza or bandura.
Tradition
The professional kobzar tradition was established during the Hetmanate Era around the sixteenth cen ...
s and the
lirnyks. It includes their musical genres, style of performing, playing techniques, customs, secret language (known as
Lebiy), organization and para-religious traditions.
The study of ''kobzarstvo'' initially started in the mid-18th century and continues to this day.
The wider definition, although not accurate, it can also include the culture of the more modern non-blind conservatory trained musicians and bandura ensembles - both amateur and professional.
See also
*
Preservation of kobzar music
References
* Diakowsky, M. - ''A Note on the History of the Bandura.'' The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S. - 4, 3-4 №1419, N.Y. 1958 - С.21-22
* Diakowsky, M. J. - ''The Bandura''. The Ukrainian Trend, 1958, №I, - С.18-36
* Diakowsky, M. – ''Anyone can make a bandura – I did.'' The Ukrainian Trend, Volume 6
* Haydamaka, L. – ''Kobza-bandura – National Ukrainian Musical Instrument''. "Guitar Review" №33, Summer 1970 (С.13-18)
* Hornjatkevyč, A. – ''The book of Kodnia and the three Bandurists''. Bandura, #11-12, 1985
* Hornjatkevyč A. J., Nichols T. R. - ''The Bandura''. Canada crafts, April-May, 1979 p. 28-29
* Mishalow, V. - A ''Brief Description of the Zinkiv Method of Bandura Playing''. Bandura, 1982, №2/6, - С.23-26
* Mishalow, V. - ''The Kharkiv style #1''. Bandura 1982, №6, - С.15-22 #2 – Bandura 1985, №13-14, - С.20-23 #3 – Bandura 1988, №23-24, - С.31-34 #4 – Bandura 1987, №19-20, - С.31-34 #5 – Bandura 1987, №21-22, - С.34-35
* Mishalow, V. - A ''Short History of the Bandura''. East European Meetings in Ethnomusicology 1999, Romanian Society for Ethnomusicology, Volume 6, - С.69-86
* Mizynec, V. - ''Folk Instruments of Ukraine''. Bayda Books, Melbourne, Australia, 1987 - 48с.
* Cherkaskyi, L. - ''Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty''. Tekhnika, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2003 - 262 pages.
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine
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