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Klaus Mainzer (born 1947) is a German philosopher and scientist. Mainzer is the president of the
European Academy of Sciences and Arts The European Academy of Sciences and Arts (EASA, la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea) is a transnational and interdisciplinary network, connecting about 2,000 recommended scientists and artists worldwide, including 37 Nobel Prize laure ...
. He is the author of the widely translated, cited, and reviewed book ''Thinking in Complexity''.


Academic career

Mainzer graduated from the Landrat-Lucas-Gymnasium in
Opladen Opladen, now a district of Leverkusen, used to be the capital of the Rhein-Wupper-Kreis (Rhine-Wupper-District) until 1975. Opladen station is located northeast from Cologne on the railway to Wuppertal. It is also on the Autobahn A3. Population ...
and studied mathematics, physics and philosophy. In 1973, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy and mathematics fundamentals ("Mathematical Constructivism"). In 1979, Mainzer got his
habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...
in philosophy with a thesis on "Space, Geometry and Continuum" at the University of Münster. In 1980, he received a Heisenberg grant. He was a professor for the basic theory and history of exact sciences at the
University of Konstanz The University of Konstanz (german: Universität Konstanz) is a university in the city of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its main campus was opened on the Gießberg in 1972 after being founded in 1966. The university is Germany's ...
from 1981 to 1988. He was the Vice-Rector of the University of Konstanz between 1985 and 1988. From 1988 to 2008, Klaus Mainzer was a professor of the philosophy of science and director of the Institute for Philosophy. Since 1998, he is the founding director of the Interdisciplinary Institute for Computer Science at the University of Augsburg. Between 2008 and 2016, he held the chair for philosophy and philosophy of science at the
Technical University of Munich The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; german: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences. Establis ...
(TUM). Mainzer was appointed director of the Carl von Linde Academy. He was the Munich Center for Technology in Society (MCTS) founding director at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) between 2012 and 2016. Since 2016, Mainzer has been "TUM Emeritus of Excellence." Since 2019, Mainzer has been Senior Professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Tübingen Center for Advanced Studies (TüCAS) at the
Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Eberhard is an old Germanic name meaning the strength or courage of a wild boar. People First name *Eberhard of Friuli (815–866), Duke and key figure in the Carolingian Empire *Eberhard of Béthune (died 1212), Flemish grammarian *Eberhard I, Du ...
. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) (2009-2016), Principal Investigator (PI) of the TUM Cluster of Excellence Cognition in Technical Systems (CoTeSys) (2009-2014) and a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering (2005-2015). He is a member of the Research Center for Education and Information ( Beijing University), the Academia Europaea (London), the
European Academy of Sciences and Arts The European Academy of Sciences and Arts (EASA, la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea) is a transnational and interdisciplinary network, connecting about 2,000 recommended scientists and artists worldwide, including 37 Nobel Prize laure ...
(Salzburg) and there Dean of the Class for Natural Sciences 2018–2019, member of the
German Academy of Science and Engineering Acatech (styled ''acatech),'' founded in 2002 and established as the German Academy of Science and Engineering (german: Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften) on 1 January 2008, represents the interests of Germany, German technical sciences ...
(acatech), there spokesman for the work project "Responsibility" 2018–2019 and since 2018 spokesman for the working group "Basic Questions." Mainzer was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Daimler and Benz Foundation (Ladenburg) (1998–2008) and has been Deputy Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Udo Keller Foundation Forum Humanum (Hamburg) since 2014, He gave guest lectures or carried out visiting professorships in
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
,
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...
, US and
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. He was a visiting scientist at the Euler International Mathematical Institute ( St. Petersburg), the Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics (
Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr r ...
) and the Leibniz Center for Informatics at
Schloss Dagstuhl Dagstuhl is a computer science research center in Germany, located in and named after a district of the town of Wadern, Merzig-Wadern, Saarland. Location Following the model of the mathematical center at Oberwolfach, the center is installed in ...
. Klaus Mainzer initially published on the concept of a number, the fundamentals of
geometry Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...
,
space Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...
,
time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to ...
,
symmetry Symmetry (from grc, συμμετρία "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In mathematics, "symmetry" has a more precise definit ...
and
quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, ...
. He became known as a fundamental theorist of
complex system A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication ...
s and
artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
(AI), who considers their social consequences in the age of
digitization DigitizationTech Target. (2011, April). Definition: digitization. ''WhatIs.com''. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/digitization is the process of converting information into a Digital data, digital (i ...
. He was the first who examined mathematical models of complex systems (e.g., cellular automatons and neural networks) that organize themselves in nature - from molecular and cellular systems to organisms and brains. With
Leon O. Chua Leon Ong Chua (; ; born June 28, 1936) is an American electrical engineer and computer scientist. He is a professor in the electrical engineering and computer sciences department at the University of California, Berkeley, which he joined in 1971. ...
of
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
, he pointed out that the
non-linearity In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other ...
and instability are insufficient to explain new structures (emergence). The prerequisite is the principle of local activity, which mathematically explains the emergence of complex structures on the
edge of chaos The edge of chaos is a transition space between order and disorder that is hypothesized to exist within a wide variety of systems. This transition zone is a region of bounded instability that engenders a constant dynamic interplay between order ...
. In basic mathematical research, he began studying constructive mathematics against the background of Kant's philosophy. Based on degrees of
predictability Predictability is the degree to which a correct prediction or forecast of a system's state can be made, either qualitatively or quantitatively. Predictability and causality Causal determinism has a strong relationship with predictability. Perf ...
and constructiveness, he researched the extent to which mathematical proofs - and thus human thinking - can be reduced to
algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific Computational problem, problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specificat ...
s and computers. The world's calculation leads again to complex systems and the question of the degree to which they can be digitized (e.g., as quantum information systems). In the
technical science Technical may refer to: * Technical (vehicle), an improvised fighting vehicle * Technical analysis, a discipline for forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data * Technical drawing, showing how something is co ...
s, Mainzer advocates increased basic research into verification programs to overcome the blind spots of statistical learning algorithms (
machine learning Machine learning (ML) is a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that 'learn', that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine ...
) in AI. Complex Systems in the
Internet of Things The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such objects) with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other comm ...
(e.g., Smart Mobility, Industry 4.0) lead to a data explosion (
Big Data Though used sometimes loosely partly because of a lack of formal definition, the interpretation that seems to best describe Big data is the one associated with large body of information that we could not comprehend when used only in smaller am ...
), which raises security and responsibility issues. In addition to program verification, Mainzer demands technology design that takes social, ecological, ethical and legal aspects into account in the innovation from the outset. In the global competition of world systems, he calls for the European innovation area to reflect on its legacy of individual human rights and to develop artificial intelligence as a service system further. In November 2020, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts elected Mainzer as its new president. He succeeded
Felix Unger Felix Unger (born 2 March 1946 in Klagenfurt, Austria) is a heart specialist who served as the president of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts for three decades. He is the president of Alma Mater Europaea. In 1986 he performed the first a ...
, who had served as president for three decades.


Publications

** ''Geschichte der Geometrie.'' B.I. Wissenschaftsverlag, 1980, . ** ''Grundlagenprobleme in der Geschichte der exakten Wissenschaften.'' Universitätsverlag Konstanz, 1981, . ** ''Symmetrien der Natur.'' de Gruyter, 1988. (1996, ), Englische Übersetzung 1996, . ** ''Thinking in Complexity.'' Springer, 1994, 5. Edition 2007, , japanische Übersetzung der 1. Auflage 1997, , chinesische Übersetzung der 2. Auflage 1999, und der 4. erweiterten Auflage 2012, polnische Übersetzung der 4. Auflage 2007, , russische Übersetzung der 4. Auflage 2008, ** ''Computer – neue Flügel des Geistes?'' de Gruyter, 1994. (2. Edition 1995, ) ** ''Zeit – von der Urzeit zur Computerzeit.'' C.H. Beck, 1995. (5. Auflage 2005, , englische Übersetzung der 4. Auflage unter dem Titel "The Little Book of Time" 2002, , koreanische Übersetzung der 4. Auflage 2005, ) ** ''Materie – von der Urmaterie zum Leben.'' C.H. Beck, 1996, . (chinesische Übersetzung 2001, ) ** ''Gehirn, Computer, Komplexität.'' Springer, 1997, . ** ''Computernetze und virtuelle Realität.'' Springer, 1999, . ** ''Hawking.'' Herder, 2000, . ** ''KI – Künstliche Intelligenz. Grundlagen intelligenter Systeme.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2003, . ** ''Computerphilosophie – zur Einführung.'' Junius Verlag, 2003, . ** ''Symmetry and Complexity – the Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science.'' World Scientific Singapore, 2005, . ** ''Der kreative Zufall – wie das Neue in die Welt kommt.'' C.H. Beck, 2007, . ** ''Komplexität.'' UTB, 2008, . ** ''Leben als Maschine? Von der Systembiologie zu Robotik und Künstlichen Intelligenz.'' Mentis Verlag, 2010, . ** ''Die Berechnung der Welt – von der Weltformel zu Big Data.'' C.H. Beck, 2014, . ** ''Künstliche Intelligenz: Wann übernehmen die Maschinen?'' Springer, 2016, . (2., erweiterte Auflage 2019, ) ** ''Information: Algorithmus-Wahrscheinlichkeit-Komplexität-Quantenmechanik-Leben-Gehirn-Gesellschaft.'' Berlin University Press, 2016, . ** ''The Digital and the Real World. Computational Foundations of Mathematics, Science, Technology, and Philosophy.'' World Scientific Singapore, 2018. ** ''Wie berechenbar ist unsere Welt? Herausforderungen für Mathematik, Informatik und Philosophie im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung.'' (= ''Essentials''). Springer, 2018, . ** ''Stephen W. Hawking - Kosmologie und Aufklärung''. In: Torsten Nieland (Hrsg.): ''Erscheinung und Vernunft - Wirklichkeitszugänge der Aufklärung''. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2018, . Klaus Mainzer is (co)editor or (co)author of the following publications: ** ''Zahlen. Grundwissen Mathematik.'' 1. Auflage. Springer, 1983. (3. Auflage. 1991, , englische Übersetzung der 3. Auflage 1991, , japanische Übersetzung 1991, , französische Übersetzung 1999, ) ** ''Philosophie und Physik der Raum-Zeit.'' B.I. Wissenschaftsverlag 1988. (2., durchges. Auflage 1994, ) ** ''Vom Anfang der Welt: Wissenschaft, Philosophie, Religion, Mythos.'' C.H. Beck 1989. (2. Auflage 1990, ) ** ''Wieviele Leben hat Schrödingers Katze? Zur Physik und Philosophie der Quantenmechanik.'' B.I. Wissenschaftsverlag 1990. (Nachdruck: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1996, ) ** ''Die Frage nach dem Leben.'' Piper, 1990, . ** ''Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften.'' Springer, 1990, . ** ''Ökonomie und Ökologie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Alpenregion / Economie et Ecologie dans le Contexte de l’Arc Alpin.'' Haupt Verlag, 1993, . ** ''Quanten, Chaos und Dämonen. Erkenntnistheoretische Aspekte der modernen Physik.'' B.I. Wissenschaftsverlag, 1994, . ** ''From Simplicity to Complexity II. Information, Interaction, Emergence.'' Vieweg, 1998, . ** ''Komplexe Systeme und Nichtlineare Dynamik in Natur und Gesellschaft. Komplexitätsforschung in Deutschland auf dem Weg ins nächste Jahrhundert.'' Springer, 1999, . ** ''The Universe as Automaton. From Simplicity and Symmetry to Complexity.'' Springer, 2010, . ** ''Local Activity Principle. The Cause of Complexity and Symmetry Breaking.'' Imperial College Press, 2013, . ** ''Proof and Computation. Digitization in Mathematics, Computer Science, and Philosophy.'' World Scientific Singapore, 2018, .


External links

*
„Können Roboter lieben?“
– Interview mit Martin Buss und Klaus Mainzer i
Faszination Forschung Ausgabe 4 (2009)


– Interview mit Klaus Mainzer in Telepolis
"Metascience und Komplexitätsforschung"
– Interview in HYPERRAUMTV 22. September 2014
"Stringtheorie, Weltformel und die Vielzahl der Universen"
– Interview in HYPERRAUMTV 22. September 2014
"Complexity – from Big Bang to Big Data"
–TEDx Talk an der Technischen Universität Aachen 11. August 2015
"Natürliche und Künstliche Intelligenz. Die Zukunft der Technikgestaltung"
– Vortrag am Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Forschung (ZiF) der Universität Bielefeld 18. Dezember 2015
"Komplexe Systeme, Chaostheorie und selbstschaffende Systeme"
– Interview beim Deutsch-Amerikanischen Institut in Heidelberg 2. März 2016
"Wissenschaft und Technik: Motoren für die globale Zukunft"
– Eröffnungsvortrag der Münchner Wissenschaftstage 2017
"Werden die Computer der Zukunft unseren Gehirnen immer ähnlicher?"
�� Interview beim Stifterverband 15. September 2016
"Klaus Mainzer@Telepolis"
�� Interview im Telepolis Salon München 11. Dezember 2017
"Künstliche Intelligenz. Wann übernehmen die Maschinen?"
�� Öffentlicher Vortrag am Hausdorff Zentrum für Mathematik der Universität Bonn 20. Juni 2018
"Constructivity and Computability. Perspectives of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Philosophy"
– Vortrag am Hausdorff Research Institute for Mathematics (Bonn) 16. August 2018
"Innovation Space Europe"
– Vortrag anlässlich der Präsentation des "Manifest for Europe" der European Academy of Science and Arts (EASA) in den Giardini der Biennale von Venedig 25. September 2018
"Künstliche Intelligenz. Von der Grundlagenforschung zum globalen Wettstreit der Gesellschaftssysteme"
– Vortrag am Planetarium Hamburg 6. November 2018


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mainzer, Klaus 1947 births Living people Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts