Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

located on the southern shores of the

Yangtze River The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ) is the longest river in Eurasia and the third-longest in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and flows including Dam Qu River the longest source of the Yangtze, i ...

in northwest

Jiangxi Province ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...

in the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city in Jiangxi and its borders include

Poyang Lake Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. Located within Jiujiang Prefecture in Jiangxi Province, it is fed by the Gan, Xin, and Xiu rivers and flows northward into the Yangtze River through a channel. The area of Poyang Lake f ...

, the largest freshwater

lake A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from ...

in China. Jiujiang is the fourth largest port on the Yangtze River and was one of the first five cities that were opened to foreign trade along the Yangtze River following the implementation of

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping also Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Teng Hsiao-p'ing; born Xiansheng (). (22 August 190419 February 1997) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the paramount leader of the People's R ...

Opening-Up Policy Reform and opening-up ( zh, s=改革开放, p=Gǎigé kāifàng), also known as the Chinese economic reform or Chinese economic miracle, refers to a variety of microeconomic reform, economic reforms termed socialism with Chinese characteristics ...

. It is Jiangxi's only international trade port city. Its population was 4,600,276 inhabitants at the 2020 census, 1,164,268 of whom resided in the built-up area (metro) made up of three urban districts (aka Xunyang, Lianxi, and Chaisang). In 2007, the city was named China's top ten livable cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2022, the State Council of China granted Jiujiang the title of Famed National Historical and Cultural City for its rich history and multiculture background in the

Republican era Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

History

Ancient history

In ancient times it was told that nine rivers converged near where Jiujiang sprang up to become Jiangxi's main water port today. From the Xia to the

Shang The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dyn ...

dynasty, the capitals of several states were located in area of Jiujiang. In the

Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period () was a period in History of China, Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject t ...

(770–476 BCE) Jiujiang bordered between the states of Wu (downstream, to the east) and

Chu Chu or CHU may refer to: Chinese history * Chu (state) (c. 1030 BC–223 BC), a state during the Zhou dynasty * Western Chu (206 BC–202 BC), a state founded and ruled by Xiang Yu * Chu Kingdom (Han dynasty) (201 BC–70 AD), a kingdom of the H ...

(upstream, to the west).

Imperial history

Tao Yuanming Tao Yuanming (365–427), also known as Tao Qian, courtesy name Yuanliang (元亮), was a Chinese poet and politician. He was one of the best-known poets who lived during the Six Dynasties period. Tao Yuanming spent much of his life in reclusi ...

(365–429 CE), a famous Chinese philosopher,

recluse A recluse is a person who lives in voluntary seclusion and solitude. The word is from the Latin , which means 'to open' or 'disclose'. Examples of recluses are Symeon of Trier, who lived within the great Roman gate Porta Nigra with permissio ...

and poet, lived at the base of

Mount Lu Mount Lu or Lushan ( zh, s=庐山, t=, p=Lúshān, Gan: Lu-san) is a mountain situated in Jiujiang, China. It was also known as Kuanglu () in ancient times. The mountain and its immediate area are officially designated as the Lushan National ...

. He was once appointed magistrate of nearby

Pengze County Pengze County () is a county in the north of Jiangxi Province, situated on the southeast (right) bank of the Yangtze. The northernmost county-level division of the province, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang ...

and after 83 days resigned owing to the politics involved in administering justice. He retired back to his village to pen an essay called "

Peach Blossom Spring ''The Peach Blossom Spring'' (, also translated as “(The Record of) the Peach Blossom”), or ''Peach Blossom Spring Story'' or ''The Peach Blossom Land'' was a fable written by Tao Yuanming in 421 CE about a chance discovery of an ethereal uto ...

". In 757,

Li Bai Li Bai (, 701–762), Literary and colloquial readings, also pronounced Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai (), was a Chinese poet acclaimed as one of the greatest and most important poets of the Tang dynasty and in Chinese history as a whole. He and hi ...

(701–762 CE) was implicated in the An–Shi disturbances and exiled at Jiujiang.

Bai Juyi Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i; , Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin pinyin ''Bǎi Jūyì''; 772–846), courtesy name Letian (樂天), was a Chinese musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty. Many of his poems concern his career o ...

(772–846 CE) wrote a poem called "Lute Song", which is about his sadness and isolation of

forced exile Exile or banishment is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons ...

as a middle rank official to reside in such a small and remote town. In the 13th century

Zhu Xi Zhu Xi ( zh, c=朱熹; ; October 18, 1130April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese philosopher, historian, politician, poet, and calligrapher of the Southern Song dynasty. As a leading figure in the development of Neo-Confuci ...

was a Confucian philosopher who practiced at the

White Deer Grotto Academy The White Deer Grotto Academy (, Gan: Pak-Luk-Tung Su-yon, sometimes translated as White Deer Cave Academy or White Deer Hollow Academy) is a former school at the foot of Wulou Peak in Mount Lu, now in Jiujiang. It was one of the Four Great Academ ...

, on Mount Lu's eastern flanks. Jiujiang has also been known as Jiangzhou () and Xunyang () in former times. During the

Jin dynasty (266–420) The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the , was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, eldest son of Sima Zhao, who had previou ...

it was known as Sin Yang, the

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () or Xiao Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was pre ...

(502–557) of Southern and Northern Dynasties era it was called Jiangzhou. After reunification, the

Sui dynasty The Sui dynasty ( ) was a short-lived Dynasties of China, Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 581 to 618. The re-unification of China proper under the Sui brought the Northern and Southern dynasties era to a close, ending a prolonged peri ...

saw its name as Jiujiang, and the Song dynasty (960–1127) called it Ting Jiang. The

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

(1368–1644), gave it Jiujiang which has retained its name to this day. It was a

Taiping rebellion The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a civil war in China between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The conflict lasted 14 years, from its outbreak in 1850 until the fall of ...

stronghold for five years (1850–1864) after they devastated the town to only leave one street with buildings intact. The city served as the capital of Taiping's Jiangxi province during this time.

British concession and European settlement history

The arrival of the Europeans

A member of

Lord Elgin Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine, ( ; 20 July 176614 November 1841), often known as Lord Elgin, was a Scottish nobleman, diplomat, and collector, known primarily for the controversial procurement of marble sculptures ...

's committee arriving in 1858 to survey Chinese ports for treaty status noted: "We found it to the last degree deplorable." A single dilapidated street, composed only of a few mean shops, was all that existed of this once thriving populous city. The remainder of the vast area composed within its massive walls 9–10 kilometers in circumference, contained nothing but ruins, weeds and kitchen gardens. After Jiujiang becoming an open treaty port in 1862, it was exporting Jiangxi's vast rice crop. In 1904, more than 160,000 kilos of opium were moved through its customs house. The New York Methodist Mission Society's superintendent, Virgil C. Hart, arrived in Kiukiang in 1866 and bought a piece of property just east of the city wall. This is where the city's first Methodist church and Western hospital was built, with the hospital renamed the No. 1 Hospital, and the oldest/continuous operating hospital in Jiangxi Province. In 1896 Drs. Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) and Ida Kahn (Kahn Cheng) arrived back in Jiujiang, being China's first two native female Western-educated doctors; having graduated from the

University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...

Medical School. They were provided with funds collected by Dr. I. N. Danforth (from Chicago residents), to build the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital and administered entirely by the native Chinese. This was later renamed Jiujiang Women's and Children's Hospital, and the nursing education by Drs. Stone and Kahn would later be the impetus for the founding of

Jiujiang University Jiujiang University () is a local university in Jiujiang, northwestern of landlocked Jiangxi Province in China. History Jiujiang University is a comprehensive public university authorized by the Chinese Ministry of Education, enrolling stude ...

and Jiujiang Medical School. It became one of the three centers of the tea trade in China along with

Hankou Hankou, alternately romanized as Hankow (), was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China. It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers w ...

and

Fuzhou Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian, China. The city lies between the Min River (Fujian), Min River estuary to the south and the city of Ningde to the north. Together, Fuzhou and Ningde make up the Eastern Min, Mindong linguistic and cultural regi ...

. The Russians had two brick tea producing factories, but ceased operations after 1917. On October 16, 1927, there was an explosion of ammunition on the Chinese troopship ''Kuang Yuang'' near Jiujiang. The British surrendered their concession in 1927 after being robbed and its Chinese workers mutineered their posts to the marauding crowds. An economic recession had set in over the decades as Indian and Chelonian tea made for greater competition. A military advance was being staged upriver in Wuhan by the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...

in 1927 and all the remaining expatriate community fled on British and American warships towards safer waters of Shanghai, to never return. Jiujiang languished as a port and much of its export trade was siphoned off with the connecting of

Nanchang Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strate ...

to coastal rail lines built in 1936–37.

The establishment of the British concession

After China's defeat in the Second Opium War, China and Britain signed the

Treaty of Tientsin The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several Unequal treaty, unequal treaties signed at Tianjin (then Postal Map Romanization, romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing Empire, Qing dynasty, ...

. At the beginning of the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the British counsellor, Harry Parkes, went to the new port on the Yangtse River by naval vessel according to the treaty to investigate the situation and select the site of concession to be opened. After the concession sites of Zhenjiang and Hankou were delimit, on March 22, Harry Parkes returned to Jiujiang from Hankou and decided to open up a commercial port in Jiujiang. In the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), Zhang Jixin, general minister of Jiangxi province, signed with Harry Parkers the treaty of opening up the British concession in Jiujiang, the Treaty of Land Lease in Jiujiang. The concession was located in a narrow area on the west of Jiujiang, between the Yangtze River and Gantang Lake, to the west of Longkai River, with a length of 150 zhang from east to west and a depth of 60 zhang from south to north, covering an area of 150 acres. The southern part of the concession includes part of PenPu Port.Bickers, R. (2013). 8. British Concessions and Chinese Cities, 1910s–1930s. In New Narratives of Urban Space in Republican Chinese Cities (pp. 155–195). Brill.

The development of Kuling in Mount Lu

In the early 20th century, Kuling on top of

became the summer resort for international residents because of its beautiful geological landscape and nice climate. At the golden age, over 4000 foreigners from America and European countries lived in this small town in summer time. Kuling, on the slopes of a wide valley of Mount Lu, was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr.

Edgerton Haskell Hart Edgerton may refer to: Places In Canada: *Edgerton, Alberta In the United Kingdom: * Edgerton, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire In the United States: * Edgerton, Colorado * Edgerton, Indiana * Edgerton, Kansas *Edgerton, Minnesota * Edgerton, Missou ...

and three others, as a sanitarium and rest resort for Western missionaries in southern China. They built their houses in the colonial style of architecture, and added churches, schools, and sports facilities. It was named by Little, as a pun: it is wonderfully ''cooling'' after the summer heat in the plains below. It was also a word that sounded conveniently Chinese to the local people, and has been adopted by them. Kuling was run by the missionaries in a Kuling Council that sold the plots of the land and with the proceeds paid for local services and security. In 1910, Caroline Maddock Hart and four others met to found the Nurses Association of China; with Caroline Maddock Hart being its first president. Jiujiang Skyview

Modern history

In 1938, Jiujiang was occupied by Japanese forces during the Wuhan campaign. Following its capture, the city was the site of a "mini-

Nanjing Massacre The Nanjing Massacre, or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly Chinese postal romanization, romanized as ''Nanking'') was the mass murder of Chinese civilians, noncombatants, and surrendered prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanji ...

," where male residents were executed and women raped. Many of the city's urban districts and suburban villages were razed, including the city's ceramics factories and boats used for transportation. Until 1949 Jiujiang had very little industry except for local handicrafts. Manufacturing is Jiujiang's backbone today with auto, machinery, petrochemical, shipbuilding and textiles as its cornerstones. After the completion of the Yangtze River Bridge in 1992 and the Beijing to Kowloon and Wuhan to Shanghai rail systems laid, a convenient ground corridor was provided and a regional airport now serves most of China's capital cities. In 2005, an earthquake hit

Ruichang Ruichang () is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang, in the north of Jiangxi province, along the Yangtze River, bordering Hubei province to the north. Ruichang suffered deaths and extensive damage from the 2005 Ruichang earthqua ...

. Kuling American School Association donated 200 sets of desks and chairs and more than 50 sets of Oxford English-Chinese Dictionary to a local primary school near Ruichang.

Economy

Economic and Technological Development Zones

:*Jiujiang Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone :*Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone :*Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Latest Ranking in the Chinese Cities

In 2021, Jiujiang's GDP is 373.528 Billion yuan. Jiujiang's GDP ranks 70th among all Chinese cities.

Demography

The city administers a total population of approximately 4,600,276 at the 2020 census of whom approximately 2,814,240 are urban living in the urban area. The population density is 240 per km².

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

make up 99.8% of the population. Registered residents include 25 ethnic minorities. Six of them are major minorities in Jiujiang. They are:

Hui The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces and in the Zhongyuan region. According to the 2 ...

Miao Miao may refer to: * Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China * Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages * Miao (Unicode ...

, Zhuang,

Tujia Tujia may refer to: *the Tujia people *the Tujia language The Tujia language (; zh, s=土家语 , t=土家語 , p=Tǔjiāyǔ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken natively by the Tujia people in Hunan Province, China. It is unclassified within t ...

, and

She She or S.H.E. may refer to: Language * She (pronoun), the third person singular, feminine, nominative case pronoun in modern English Places * She County, Anhui ** She Prefecture, 589-1121 * She County, Hebei * She River, or Sheshui, Hubei * ...

. Jiujiang dialect is unlike typical

Gan The word Gan or the initials GAN may refer to: Places * Gan, a component of Hebrew placenames literally meaning "garden" China * Gan River (Jiangxi) * Gan River (Inner Mongolia), * Gan County, in Jiangxi province * Gansu, abbreviated '' ...

dialect of Jiangxi. Jiujiang dialect is a variety of

Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin () is one of the most divergent and least mutually-intelligible of the Mandarin language varieties, as it neighbours the Wu, Hui, and Gan groups of Sinitic languages. It is also known as Jiang–Huai Mandarin (), nam ...

and is close to Wu languages.

Climate

Jiujiang a

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

''Cfa''). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from as low as (though an unofficially has reached as low as on 10 January 1931) to as high as .

Administrative divisions

Districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

: :*

Xunyang District Xunyang District () is a district of the city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched ...

() :*

Lianxi District Lianxi () is a district in Jiujiang, Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize ...

() :*

Chaisang District Chaisang District (), known as Jiujiang County () before September 2017, is a district of the city of Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province, China. It has non-contiguous land area, with a smaller exclave to the northeast being separated by Lianxi District ...

() *

Counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

: :* Wuning County () :*

Xiushui County Xiushui County () is a county in the northwest of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Province, China, bordering the provinces of Hunan to the west and southwest and Hubei to the northwest. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of ...

() :*

Yongxiu County Yongxiu () is a county under the administration of Jiujiang City in northern Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China, on the western shores of Poyang Lake. , the county has a total population of 361,000 residing in an area of . Bordering c ...

() :*

De'an County De'an () is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang in the north of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Province, China. Its total area is , and the population is as of 2010. This county is known for the residence of the parents of ...

() :*

Duchang County Duchang () is a County (People's Republic of China), county in the north-northeast of Jiangxi province of China, province, China, People's Republic of China. Containing part of Poyang Lake, it is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city ...

() :*

Hukou County Hukou County () is a county under the administration of Jiujiang City, in the north of Jiangxi Province, China, bordering Anhui Anhui is an inland Provinces of China, province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is ...

() :*

() *

County-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...

: :*

() :*

Gongqingcheng Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. It was established on 10 September 2010 in the jurisdiction of Jiujiang. It is located north of Nanchang, the provincial capital. On 1 July 2014, it was re- ...

(). Directly administered as a

sub-prefecture-level city A sub-prefectural municipality (), sub-prefectural city, or vice-prefectural municipality, is an unofficial designation for a type of administrative division of China. A sub-prefectural city is officially considered to be a county-level city, bu ...

since 1 July 2014. :*

Lushan Mount Lu or Lushan ( zh, s=庐山, t=, p=Lúshān, Gan: Lu-san) is a mountain situated in Jiujiang, China. It was also known as Kuanglu () in ancient times. The mountain and its immediate area are officially designated as the Lushan National Pa ...

() * Others: :* Bureau and Administration Committees ::* Mount Lu Scenic Area Administration Bureau ::* Mount Lu West Sea Scenic Area Management Committee ::* Bali Lake New Area Management Committee ::* Poyang Lake Ecological Science and Technology City Management Committee :* Towns and Sub-district Offices ::* There are 235 towns and 11 sub-district offices

Industry

Primary industries and tertiary sector include: * Manufacturing * Petrochemical Refinement * Tourism * Import/Export (through river port) * Agricultural Chemical Production

Transport

Road

Source: *

G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway The Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway (), designated as G56 and commonly referred to as the Hangrui Expressway () is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Ruili, Yunnan, a city on the border with Burma. When complet ...

G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway The Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway (), designated as G70 and commonly referred to as the Fuyin Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Fuzhou, Fujian, China, and Yinchuan Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia, Ningxia Hui A ...

*Jiujiang Ring Expressway *Chang-Jiu Expressway *Jiu-Rui Expressway *G45 Daguang Expressway *Yongwu Expressway *Penghu Expressway *Xiu-ping Expressway *Du-Jiu Expressway *Dong-jiu Expressway

Rail

* Beijing-Kowloon * Tongling–Jiujiang * Hefei–Jiujiang * Wuhan–Jiujiang * Jiujiang–Quzhou * Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway *

Wuhan–Jiujiang high-speed railway The Wuhan–Jiujiang high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line in China's Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province, eastern China East China () is a geographical region in the People’s Republic of China, mainly consisting of seven prov ...

* Hefei–Anqing–Jiujiang high-speed railway

Air

Jiujiang Lushan Airport Jiujiang Lushan Airport is an airport serving Jiujiang, a city in the province of Jiangxi in China. The airport began operations on June 18, 1998. All flights from the airport were suspended on March 21, 2015. The airport reopened on October 31, ...

(JIU)

Port

Jiujiang Port is the largest port in Jiangxi Province located at the junction of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway. From west to east, this port consists of five docks namely Ruichang, Chengxi, Chengqu, Hukou and Pengze. As an important port situated on the lower and middle reaches of Yangtze River and one of the 5 main ports on the river, many domestic and international marine routes have been established, In the main, the freight handled consists of mineral building materials, coals, metal and nonmetal ores and petroleum.

Yangtze Bridges

At present, Jiujiang has two Bridges built across the Yangtze River. They are

Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge is a combined road-rail bridge over the Yangtze River near the city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province in eastern China. It links Xunyang District of Jiujiang, south of the river, with Xiaochi Town in Huangmei Coun ...

and Jiujiang Yangtze River Expressway Bridge. The third bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is under construction. The fourth bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang is being designed

Colleges and universities

Jiujiang Vocational College of Finance and Economics

* University of Jiujiang: a university located in

. The location is most easily reached by the 101 bus from the city center. * Jiangxi Vocational College of Finance and Economics: a small picturesque college located right by the lake. This college is well situated within the city. *

Jiujiang Vocational and Technical College Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level ...

: a vocational college located in

near University of Jiujiang. *

Jiujiang Vocational University Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level ...

: a vocational college located in

near University of Jiujiang. *

Jiangxi Fenglin College ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...

: a vocational college located in Yongxiu county. Yongxiu county belongs to Jiujiang. *

Jiujiang Vocational College of Polytechnic Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level ...

: a vocational college located in Jiujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. *

Gongqing Institute of Science and Technology Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. It was established on 10 September 2010 in the jurisdiction of Jiujiang. It is located north of Nanchang, the provincial capital. On 1 July 2014, it was re- ...

: a vocational college located in

. Gongqingcheng belongs to Jiujiang. *

Gongqing College of Nanchang University Gongqingcheng () is a sub-prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. It was established on 10 September 2010 in the jurisdiction of Jiujiang. It is located north of Nanchang, the provincial capital. On 1 July 2014, it was re- ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. * Science and Technology College of Jiangxi Normal University: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. *

Modern Economics and Management College of Jiangxi Finance and Economics University Modern may refer to: History *Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. * Science and Technology College of Nanchang Aviation University: a vocational college located in Gongqingcheng. *

Science and Technology College of Nanchang University Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

: a local college located in Gongqingcheng. * Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agriculture University: a local vocational college located in Gongqingcheng.

International relations

Former Diplomatic Representatives in Jiujiang

British Consulate General Jiujiang British Consulate General Jiujiang was established in 1861 located within British Concession of Jiujiang. Historical Background Jiujiang Opened as a Treaty Port After China's defeat in the Second Opium War, China and Britain signed the Treaty ...

was established in 1861 *

Japanese Consulate General Jiujiang Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

was established on July 16, 1915

Twin towns — Sister cities

Jiujiang is twinned with: * Baw Baw, Australia *

Chios Chios (; , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greece, Greek list of islands of Greece, island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea, and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, tenth largest island in the Medi ...

, Greece *

Jeongseon Jeongseon (''Jeongseon-gun'') is a county in the province of Gangwon-do, South Korea. It is famous as the hometown of "Jeongseon Arirang," a traditional Korean folksong. It is also the hometown of actor Won Bin and footballer Seol Ki-hyeon. H ...

, South Korea *

Kajaani Kajaani (; ), is a town in Finland and the regional capital of Kainuu. Kajaani is located southeast of Oulujärvi, Lake Oulu, which drains into the Gulf of Bothnia through the Oulujoki, Oulu River. The population of Kajaani is approximately , w ...

, Finland *

Koper Koper (; ) is the List of cities and towns in Slovenia, fifth-largest city in Slovenia. Located in the Slovenian Istria, Istrian region in the southwestern part of the country, Koper is the main urban center of the Slovene coast. Port of Koper i ...

, Slovenia *

Legionowo Legionowo is a city in Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland, seat of the Legionowo County. Location Legionowo is located to the north-east of the center of Warsaw and only to the south of Zegrze Reservoir ( or ), near the Warsaw-Gda ...

, Poland *

Louisville Louisville is the most populous city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, sixth-most populous city in the Southeast, and the 27th-most-populous city in the United States. By land area, it is the country's 24th-largest city; however, by populatio ...

, United States *

La Plata La Plata () is the capital city of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. According to the 2022 Argentina census, census, the La Plata Partido, Partido has a population of 772,618 and its metropolitan area, the Greater La Plata, has 938,287 inhabit ...

, Argentina *

Queimados Queimados () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is located at 22º42'58" south latitude and 43º33'19" west longitude, at an altitude of 29 meters. Its population was 151,335 (2020) and its area is 75 km2. ...

, Brazil * Redbridge, England, United Kingdom *

Savannah A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach th ...

, United States *

Serowe Serowe (population approximately 60,000) is an urban village in Botswana's Botswana Central District, Central District. A trade and commercial centre, it is Botswana's third largest village. Serowe has played an important role in Botswana's histor ...

, Botswana *

Tamano Tamano City Hall Aerial view of Tamano city center Shibukawa beach in Tamano is a city located in southern Okayama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 55,889 in 27087 households, and a population density of 540 person ...

, Japan

Tourism

: one of the most famous mountains in China. It is located in the south of the urban center and listed as a

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

. * Mount Lu Geopark: is located on Mount Lu. In 1996, Mount Lu became a UNESCO

. In 2004, the Mount Lu Geopark became a member of

Global Geoparks Network UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) are geoparks certified by the UNESCO Global Geoparks Council as meeting all the requirements for belonging to the Global Geoparks Network (GGN). The GGN is both a network of geoparks and the agency of the United Nati ...

. Mount Lu Geopark is a place of striking beauty. It has spectacular peaks, lakes, cliffs, waterfalls and important Buddhist and Taoist temples. * Kuling: as a homonym for cooling. It is a mountain town in the Mount Lu National Park. It was established in 1895 by the missionaries Edward Selby Little, Dr.

and three others, as a sanitarium and summer resort for Western missionaries in southern China. * British Concession Museum: located on Binjiang road. It was established by local government from transforming buildings left from the former

British Concession of Jiujiang The British concession of Jiujiang ( Chinese: 九江英租界; ''Jiǔjiāng Yīng zūjiè''), formerly transliterated Kiukiang, was a foreign concession in the Chinese city of Jiujiang which was under the control of the British Empire. Establishe ...

. * Yuliang South Road Historical and Cultural Block: a street combines Chinese and Western cultures. Beside the street are: **the old Catholic school **the old monastery **the Catholic church **Taling Park **the old Perkins Villa **Nengren temple **Western Goods Exhibition Window *

Lushan Hotspring Mount Lu or Lushan ( zh, s=庐山, t=, p=Lúshān, Gan: Lu-san) is a mountain situated in Jiujiang, China. It was also known as Kuanglu () in ancient times. The mountain and its immediate area are officially designated as the Lushan National Pa ...

: located in Hotspring town,

Lushan City Lushan City (), formerly Xingzi County (), is a county-level city in the north of Jiangxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang Jiujiang, formerly transliterated Kiukiang and Kew-Keang, is a ...

is a county-level city belong to Jiujiang. * Haiyun Sand Beach: located in Balihu Park. It is the only high standard man-made beach in

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Province. It is a famous scenic spot and entertainment resort in Jiujiang. * Xunyang River Scenic Area: located on Binjiang Road in

. It is near shoreline of the Yangtze River. Covering an area of some 765 acres (around 509,490 sqm), with distance of 5.2 km long from east to west. It is only 4.5 km away from Jiujiang Station, 1.6 km away from Fuzhou-Yinchuan Expressway, and about an hour's drive from Changbei Airport. Its rich tourism resources include river, ancient building, garden and museum as follows: **Pipa Pavilion **Xunyang Tower **Suojiang Pagoda ** British Concession Museum **Baishui Lake Park **Xunyang River Cruise Ship * Mount Lu West Sea: is located about 90 kilometers to the south of Mount Lu. It is National 5-Star Scenic Spot. There are thousands of islands in the area just like Maldives. In 2007, between June and August, American reality program Survivor filmed its fifteenth season, '' Survivor: China'', in the area. The program host Jeff Probst claimed that this was the first American television series filmed entirely in China. *Nanshan Park ( zh, labels=no, s=南山公园): completed in early 2013. This park, home to a new pagoda, is covered in flora and lights up the Jiujiang sky at night. *Yanshui Pavilion: located in city center, near Gantang lake. It is a well known scenic spot in Jiujiang. * Donglin Temple: a Buddhist temple located at foot of Mount Lu. It is built by

Huiyuan (Buddhist) Lushan Huiyuan (; 334–416 AD), meaning "Huiyuan of Mount Lu", was a Chinese Buddhist teacher who founded Donglin Temple at the foot of Mount Lu in Jiujiang province and wrote the text ''On Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings'' in 404 AD. H ...

, founder of

Pure Land Buddhism Pure Land Buddhism or the Pure Land School ( zh, c=淨土宗, p=Jìngtǔzōng) is a broad branch of Mahayana, Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Pure land, Pure Land. It is one of the most widely practiced traditions of East Asi ...

. Pure Land Buddhism later spread to Japan and gained its prominence there. In 1175,

Hōnen , also known as Genkū, was the founding figure of the , the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism. Hōnen became a Tendai initiate at an early age, but grew disaffected and sought an approach to Buddhism that all people of all ...

established Pure Land Buddhism as an independent sect in Japan known as

Jōdo-shū Jōdo-shū (浄土宗, "The Pure Land School"), is a Japanese branch of Pure Land Buddhism derived from the teachings of the Kamakura era monk Hōnen (1133–1212). The school is traditionally considered as having been established in 1175 and i ...

. Pure Land schools have nearly 40 percent of Japanese Buddhism practitioners, only second to Chan schools. **The temple provide free vegetarian lunch and free guest house. Visitors can stay at guest house in temple for free up to three days. The guest house is gender separated, and visitors have to share room with others. * Donglin Buddha: the world's tallest statue of Amitabha Buddha. Total cost is about 1 billion Yuan. Surface of the Buddha is plated with 48 kilograms of gold. Buddha height is 48 meters tall, representing the forty-eighth vows of Amitabha Buddha. Total height is 81 meters. *Mount Lu Four Seasons Flower City (Botanical Garden): located in Bali lake New Area. It is Jiujiang's largest flower plant park. *Stone Bell Hill: just downriver from Jiujiang is Hukou where the Yangtze River and waters of Boyang Lake converge with an abrupt color change. People have been coming here for centuries to listen to the stone-bell sound resonating from the cliffs overlooking this spot. A few theories are provided why this rare geographical phenomenon happens. Li Daoyuan from the Northern Wei period (386–534) theorizes that it is because the hill has a bell-shaped appearance and hollow inside, thus providing the sound when struck. Or it may be because of the water lapping within the limestone nooks and fissures around its base, as famous litterateur from the same time Su Shui discovered. Su Dongpo also did three trips around its perimeter, before settling on this last explanation for its unique sound also. Many Chinese literati's have left more than twenty calligraphy masterpieces carved upon its rocks, with some dating back to the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE).

Notable residents

* Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu) (1873–1954), one of the first western trained Chinese female physicians. Founder of Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Hospital (now called Jiujiang Women and Children's Hospital) in Jiujiang. *Lo-Yi Chang (1907–1988), was born in Kuling,

. She was spouse of

T.V. Soong Soong Tse-vung, more commonly romanized as Soong Tse-ven or Soong Tzu-wen (; 4 December 1894 – 25 April 1971), was a Chinese businessman, banker, and politician who served as Premier of the Republic of China in 1930 and between 1945 and 1947. ...

, then Premier of the Republic of China. She has made a significant contribution to the promotion of China overseas. * Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973), was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China, in 1938. She also won Pulitzer Prize in 1932. She spent her childhood with her family in Kuling in summer time. Her father built a stone villa in Kuling in 1897, and lived there until his death in 1931. * (松浦正人) (1942– ), born in Jiujiang. He was a Japanese politician. He served as

Hōfu file:Hofu City Hall 2021-08 ac (2).jpg, 270px, Hōfu City Hall file:Hofu city center area Aerial photograph.2010.jpg, 270px, Aerial photograph of central Hōfu file:Hofu-tenmangu, roumon-1.jpg, 270px, Hōfu Tenman-gu is a Cities of Japan, city ...

mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan. In 2018, then

mayor and president of National Mayors Association of Japan (NMAJ), Masato Matsuura (松浦正人), led a delegation of NMAJ visited former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Masato Matsuura said :''I was born in the former Japanese consulate of Jiujiang. Jiujiang is my second hometown. I am deeply attached to the beautiful landscape here''. * Chiang Yee (1903–1977), born in Jiujiang. He was a Chinese poet, author, painter and calligrapher. His translation of ''Coca Cola'' is remembered by all Chinese. *

Mervyn Peake Mervyn Laurence Peake (9 July 1911 – 17 November 1968) was a British writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He is best known for what are usually referred to as the '' Gormenghast'' books. The four works were part of what Peake conceived ...

(1911–1968), born in Kuling,

. He was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He was well known for being the illustrator of ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''. *

Maggie Mac Neil Hannah Margaret McNair Mac NeilHer surname is sometimes incorrectly rendered as MacNeil in news reporting and television graphics. (born 26 February 2000) is a Canadian former competitive swimmer. A 100 metre butterfly event specialist, she i ...

(2000- ), born in Jiujiang and adopted to Canada at an early age *

Sylvia Wu Sylvia Wu (née Cheng; ; October 24, 1915 – September 29, 2022) was a Chinese-American restaurateur, philanthropist, and cookbook writer. She ran Madame Wu's Garden on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles from 1959 to 1998. She later briefly op ...

(1915–2022), born in Kiukiang and later became a Los Angeles restaurateur and a writer. *

Ilien Tang Ilien J. Tang (died May 18, 1920) was a Chinese educator. She started and supervised kindergartens in and near Nanchang, and was vice-principal at the Baldwin Memorial School for Girls. Early life and education Tang was born in Kiukiang (Jiujia ...

(died 1920), Methodist missionary educator born in JiujiangHonsinger, Welthy B.
"Ilien Tang"
''Woman's Missionary Friend'' 52(20)(August 1920): 285.

References

External links

People's Government of Jiujiang (Chinese language)

Mount Lu Website (Chinese language)

Jiujiang News Network (Chinese language)

Kuling American School Association
{{Authority control Cities in Jiangxi Prefecture-level divisions of Jiangxi Port cities and towns in China Populated places on the Yangtze River National Famous Historical and Cultural City

History

Ancient history

Imperial history

British concession and European settlement history

The arrival of the Europeans

The establishment of the British concession

The development of Kuling in Mount Lu

Modern history

Economy

Economic and Technological Development Zones

Latest Ranking in the Chinese Cities

Demography

Climate

Administrative divisions

Industry

Transport

Road

Rail

Air

Port

Yangtze Bridges

Colleges and universities

International relations

Former Diplomatic Representatives in Jiujiang

Twin towns — Sister cities

Tourism

Notable residents

See also

References

External links