The Kipawa River (in French: ''Rivière Kipawa'') is a short river in western

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

, Canada. It is mostly an undeveloped river but the larger lakes have dams, fishing camps, and cottages on their shores. The communities of Kipawa and Laniel are located on Lake Kipawa. Also much

logging Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidder, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or trunk (botany), logs onto logging truck, trucksRoute 101 crosses the river at Laniel. The Kipawa River drops over the last from Lake Kipawa to its mouth which results in many

whitewater Whitewater forms in the context of rapids, in particular, when a river's Stream gradient, gradient changes enough to generate so much turbulence that air is trapped within the water. This forms an unstable current that foam, froths, making t ...

rapids Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep stream gradient, gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid t ...

, making it popular with

kayak ] A kayak is a small, narrow human-powered watercraft typically propelled by means of a long, double-bladed paddle. The word ''kayak'' originates from the Inuktitut word '' qajaq'' (). In British English, the kayak is also considered to be ...

ers and

canoe A canoe is a lightweight, narrow watercraft, water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles. In British English, the term ' ...

ists. Since 1986, the Kipawa River Rally has been held annually over this stretch of the river. Its name is derived from the Anishnabe word "''Kebaouek''" meaning "at the narrows beyond which more water opens out".

Significant lakes

(in downstream order) *Grassy Lake (Lac aux Foins) *Watson Lake *Wolf Lake (Lac des Loups) *Lac Sairs *Grindstone Lake *Hunter Lake *Lake Kipawa

Significant tributaries

*Audoin River *Rivière des Lacs

History

The first reference to the river comes from a Catholic priest who in the early 19th century used it to travel upstream to build a mission on Lake Kipawa for Algonquin Native Americans. In 1910, the Laniel Dam at the outflow of Lake Kipawa was built and has a sluice designed to float logs from Lake Kipawa to the Ottawa River. The first recorded whitewater run on the Kipawa was in 1971 when Jose Mediavilla and Joseph Jacob from

Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Rouyn-Noranda (; 2021 population 42,313) is a city on Osisko Lake in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada. The city of Rouyn-Noranda is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census ...

, paddled downstream using an open canoe. Mediavilla continued to run it over the years, and by 1976 he was using the river for the practice portion of his whitewater certification courses, sanctioned by the provincial whitewater organization. The Kipawa River has been the site of the Kipawa River Rally since 1985. The dates have more or less coincided with the St. Jean-Baptiste Holiday in Quebec. It is the second longest running recreational paddling festival in northeastern North America. In 2007, the Laniel Dam required rebuilding to withstand the 1 in 1000 year flood event. The existing berm was unstable and leaked. But navigation rights through the dam gates were denied from then on. ''Les Amis de la rivière Kipawa'' (Friends of the Kipawa River) mounted a Judicial Challenge, arguing that navigation of the sluice is legal, safe, and significant under the Navigable Waters Protection Act. They were overruled by the Federal Court and Federal Appeals Court. Les Amis was subsequently levied with $5,000 in court costs as a result of their challenge thereby putting a damper on other river preservationists hoping to challenge administrative decisions. The Kipawa River is currently under threat of hydroelectric development by two competing projects which plan to divert the river and would completely alter its natural flow. The first, proposed by

Hydro-Québec Hydro-Québec () is a Canadian Crown corporations of Canada#Quebec, Crown corporation public utility headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. It manages the electricity generation, generation, electric power transmission, transmission and electricity ...

, is calle
TABARET
and the other by Innergex on behalf of the Algonquin First Nations based at Wolf Lake. Hydro-Québec has promised hundreds of thousands of dollars per year in 'payments' to the MRC of Temiskaming in exchange for its support of the project. The TABARET project appears favoured because th
OPEMICAN NATIONAL PARK
project appears to accommodated the diversion outlet at Lake Temiskaming as envisioned in the project details. The report states: "The potential Parc national d’Opémican will have no influence on the undertaking of either hydroelectric projects currently under study in the county."

Image gallery

image:Raft running the unobstructed chute of the Lanel dam during the Kipawa River Rally.jpg, Photo indicates an Esprit Rafting Company Raft descending from the safe, legal and significant navigation of the Laniel Dam. image:Running dam2.jpg, Skilled Kayaker Sadia Loney descending the unobstructed sluiceway of the Laniel Dam image:Laniel QC.jpg, Dam refurbishment in 2007 which removed historical rights of navigation at the location of the dam image:Dam Site with Fence.JPG, Images indicate

snow fence A snow fence, similar to a sand fence, is a barrier that forces windblown, drifting snow to accumulate in a desired place. Snow fences are employed primarily to minimize the amount of snowdrift on roadways and railways. Farmers and ranchers u ...

erected to prevent kayaks and rafts from intentionally descending the chute of the dam as had been past practice image:Low water kipawa.jpg, "Long live the free Kipawa"; concerns about inadequate reserve flow are raised during refurbishment of the Laniel Dam image:Hollywood Rapid.jpg, Hollywood rapid at low water image:Hollywood fans.jpg, The Kipawa River Rally has become an attraction and economic engine for Laniel. image:The Kipawa river Lodge.JPG, The Kipawa River Lodge at the mouth of the Kipawa River. It was the site for the movie ''The Silent Enemy''.The Kipawa River Chronicles, Scott Sorenson

References

External links

{{Commons category, Rivière Kipawa
Friends of the Kipawa River
Rivers of Abitibi-Témiscamingue