Karl Moritz
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Karl Philipp Moritz (
Hameln Hameln ( ; ) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hameln-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. History Hameln st ...
, 15 September 1756 –
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
, 26 June 1793) was a
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
author, editor and essayist of the ''
Sturm und Drang (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto-Romanticism, Romantic movement in German literature and Music of Germany, music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity an ...
'', late
Enlightenment Enlightenment or enlighten may refer to: Age of Enlightenment * Age of Enlightenment, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture): ...
, and classicist periods, influencing early
German Romanticism German Romanticism () was the dominant intellectual movement of German-speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, influencing philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and criticism. Compared to English Romanticism, the German vari ...
as well. He led a life as a hatter's apprentice, teacher, journalist, literary critic, professor of art and linguistics, and member of both of Berlin's academies.


Biography

Moritz was born into impoverished circumstances in
Hameln Hameln ( ; ) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hameln-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. History Hameln st ...
in 1756. After receiving a scanty schooling, he was apprenticed to a
hat maker Hat-making or millinery is the design, manufacture and sale of hats and other headwear. A person engaged in this trade is called a milliner or hatter. Historically, milliners made and sold a range of accessories for clothing and hairstyles. ...
. After distressful attempts to gain a living, he caught the attention of a patron in
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
and entered a gymnasium; however, he soon accepted an engagement as actor under Ekhof at
Gotha Gotha () is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000. The city is the capital of the district of Gotha and was also a residence of the Ernestine Wettins from 1640 until the ...
, failing in which he returned to study (1776) at
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Central Germany (cultural area), Central German state of Thuringia, with a population of around 216,000. It lies in the wide valley of the Gera (river), River Gera, in the so ...
; but tiring again he joined the ''Herrnhuter'' (
Moravian Church The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren ( or ), formally the (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the original ...
) at Barby, and studied theology at
Wittenberg Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is the fourth-largest town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. It is situated on the River Elbe, north of Leipzig and south-west of the reunified German ...
(1777); then taught philanthropy at the
Potsdam Potsdam () is the capital and largest city of the Germany, German States of Germany, state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the Havel, River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream of B ...
military orphanage, soon again to take to wandering. Teaching in Berlin, he made a reputation as writer, preacher and poet, and went to England. Then he became professor at the gymnasium (high school) at
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
(). Next he tried editing the ''Vossische Zeitung'' to make it
proletarian The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian or a . Marxist philo ...
, but failed. Later he traveled to Italy (1786) where he met
Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...
, and on his return to Germany he took up residence as Goethe's guest at
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
. Duke Karl August helped him join the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and in 1789 Moritz became a professor of antiquities at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin. Among his students were
Ludwig Tieck Johann Ludwig Tieck (; ; 31 May 177328 April 1853) was a German poet, fiction writer, translator, and critic. He was one of the founding fathers of the Romanticism, Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Early life Tieck w ...
,
Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (13 July 1773 – 13 February 1798) was a German jurist and writer. With Ludwig Tieck and the Schlegel brothers, he co-founded German Romanticism. Life Wackenroder was born in Berlin. He was a close friend of Tieck ...
and
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism ...
. He was an avid admirer of
Jean Paul Jean Paul (; born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, 21 March 1763 – 14 November 1825) was a German Romanticism, German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories. Life and work Jean Paul was born at Wunsiedel, in the Ficht ...
, and befriended
Moses Mendelssohn Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729 – 4 January 1786) was a German-Jewish philosopher and theologian. His writings and ideas on Jews and the Jewish religion and identity were a central element in the development of the ''Haskalah'', or 'J ...
, and Asmus Jakob Carstens.


Works

Apart from a four-part autobiographical novel, '' Anton Reiser'', and two fictional ''Andreas Hartknopf'' novels, he also wrote a number of theoretical writings on aesthetics, especially "Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen" (On the Formative Imitation of Beauty), which Goethe excerpted in his ''
Italian Journey ''Italian Journey'' (in the German original: ) is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's report on his travels to Italy from 1786 to 1788 that was published in 1816 & 1817. The book is based on Goethe's diaries and is smoothed in style, lacks the sponta ...
''. Moritz's ''Magazin zur Erfahrungsseelenkunde als ein Lesebuch für Gelehrte und Ungelehrte'' (Journal of Experiential Psychology, as reading for scholars and laymen) was one of the first Germanophone journals of psychology. His works include: *''Blunt oder der Gast'', 1781 *''Beiträge zur Philosophie des Lebens aus dem Tagebuch eines Freimäurers'', 1780 *''Magazin zur Erfahrungsseelenkunde als ein Lesebuch für Gelehrte und Ungelehrte.'' 1783–1793 *''Reisen eines Deutschen in England im Jahre 1782'', 1783. English: ''
Journeys of a German in England in 1782 Journey or journeying may refer to: * Travel, the movement of people between distant geographical locations ** Day's journey, a measurement of distance ** Road trip, a long-distance journey on the road Animals * Journey (horse), a thoroughbred ra ...
''
Ideal einer vollkommnen Zeitung
1784 *'' Anton Reiser'' (Part 1), 1785 *''Andreas Hartknopf'', Eine Allegorie, 1785 *'' Anton Reiser'' (Parts 2 and 3), 1786 *''Denkwürdigkeiten, aufgezeichnet zur Beförderung des Edlen und Schönen'', 1786 *''Versuch einer deutschen Prosodie'', 1786 *''Versuch einer kleinen praktischen Kinderlogik'', 1786 *''Fragmente aus dem Tagebuche eines Geistersehers'', 1787
Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen
1788 *''Italien und Deutschland'', 1789 *''Monats-Schrift der Akademie der Künste und Mechanischen Wissenschaften zu Berlin'', 1789 *''Über eine Schrift des Herrn Schulrath Campe, und über die Rechte des Schriftstellers und Buchhändlers'', 1789 *''Andreas Hartknopfs Predigerjahre'', 1790 *'' Anton Reiser'' (Part 4), 1790
Neues ABC-Buch
1790 *''Annalen der Akademie der Künste und Mechanischen Wissenschaften'', 1791 *''Anthusa oder Roms Alterthümer'', 1791

1791 *''Grundlinien zu meinen Vorlesungen über den Styl'', 1791 *''Italienische Sprachlehre für die Deutschen'', 1791 *''Über die Vereinfachung der menschlichen Kenntnisse'', 1791 *''Lesebuch für Kinder'', 1792 *''Mythologischer Almanach für Damen'', 1792 *''Reisen eines Deutschen in Italien in den Jahren 1786 bis 1788'', 1792 *''Vom richtigen deutschen Ausdruck'', 1792 *''Allgemeiner deutscher Briefsteller'', 1793 *''Die große Loge oder der Freimaurer mit Waage und Senkblei'', 1793 *''Grammatisches Wörterbuch'' (4 vols. 1793–1800) *''Mythologisches Wörterbuch zum Gebrauch für Schulen'', 1793 *''Reisen eines Deutschen in Italien in den Jahren 1786 bis 1788'', 1793 *''Vorbegriffe zu einer Theorie der Ornamente'', 1793 *''Vorlesungen über den Styl'' (Part 1), 1793 *''Die neue Cecilia'', (1793, fragment)


References


Sources

* Apel, Kim. ''Predigten in der Literatur: Homiletische Erkundungen bei Karl Philipp Moritz. Praktische Theologie in Geschichte und Gegenwart'' (Tuebingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009).


External links

* *
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences Moritz Critical Edition''Das Magazin zur Erfahrungsseelenkunde'' Digital Edition
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moritz, Karl Philipp 1756 births 1793 deaths People from Hamelin People from the Electorate of Hanover Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences German milliners German male writers