The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) is a multi-purpose

irrigation Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has bee ...

project on the

Godavari River The Godavari (, Help:IPA/Sanskrit, �od̪aːʋəɾiː is India's second longest river after the Ganges River, Ganga River and drains the third largest Drainage basin, basin in India, covering about 10% of India's total geographical area. It ...

in Kaleshwaram, Bhupalpally,

Telangana Telangana is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated in the Southern India, south-central part of the Indian subcontinent on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, ele ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

. Currently the world's largest multi-stage lift irrigation project, its farthest upstream influence is at the

confluence In geography, a confluence (also ''conflux'') occurs where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel (geography), channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river (main ...

of the Pranahita and Godavari rivers. The Pranahita River is itself a confluence of various smaller

tributaries A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ('' main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which the ...

including the Wardha, Painganga, and Wainganga rivers which combine to form the seventh-largest

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

on the subcontinent, with an estimated annual discharge of more than or 280 TMC. It remains untapped as its course is principally through dense forests and other ecologically sensitive zones such as

wildlife sanctuaries A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geologi ...

. The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project is divided into 7 links and 28 packages spanning a distance of approximately through 13 districts and utilizing a canal network of more than . The project aims to produce a total of 240 TMC (195 from Medigadda Barrage, 20 from Sripada Yellampalli project and 25 from

groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and Pore space in soil, soil pore spaces and in the fractures of stratum, rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available fresh water in the world is groundwater. A unit ...

), of which 169 has been allocated for irrigation, 30 for Hyderabad

municipal water Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. Thes ...

, 16 for miscellaneous industrial uses and 10 for drinking water in nearby villages, with the remainder being estimated evaporation loss. The project aims at increasing total culturable command area (the sustainable area which can be irrigated after accounting for both upstream and downstream factors) by across all 13 districts in addition to stabilizing the existing CCA. On 21 June 2019, the project was opened by

Governor E. S. L. Narasimhan and Chief minister K. Chandrashekar Rao. National Green Tribunal declared the Scheme is constructed without following the statuary provisions with regard to environmental aspects. Four major pumping facilities manage the project's outflow, the largest at Ramadugu (

Medaram Medaram is a village in Mulugu district, Telangana Telangana is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated in the Southern India, south-central part of the Indian subcontinent on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the Lis ...

, Annaram and Sundilla being the others) is also likely to be the largest in Asia once consistent measurements are available, requiring seven pumps designed and manufactured specifically for the project by the

BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned electrical/ industrial technology company. It is owned by the Government of India, with administrative control under ...

. The Engineering giant Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited built 15 of 22 Pump houses and undertook major part of the project.

Project details

In addition to constructing new reservoirs, Kaleshwaram also rejuvenates existing ones. Mallanna Sagar reservoir was inaugurated in February 2022. It is one of the biggest artificial reservoirs in India , and was constructed with a capacity of 50 tmcft.

Existing reservoirs

New reservoirs

Links & Irrigated Command Area/Ayacut (Acres)

*Link-I: From Medigadda Barrage on Godavari River to Sripada Yellampalli Project (30,000 acres) *Link-II: From Sripada Yellampalli Project to Mid Manair Dam *Link-III: From Mid Manair Dam to Upper Manair Reservoir (86,150 acres) *Link-IV: From upper Manair Dam to Konda Pochamma Reservoir (595,754 acres) *Link-V: From Anicut to Chityala (243,500 acres) *Link-VI: From Sri Komaravelli Mallanna Sagar to Singur Dam (280,296 acres) *Link-VII: From SRSP Foreshore to Nizam Sagar Canals and to Dilawarpur and Hangarga village for Nirmal and Mudhole Constituency (590,000 acres) Total: 1,65,700 acres (New ayacut) Apart from: 1,875,00+ acres (Stabilisation of existing ayacut)

Gravity Canals & Tunnels for distribution

1. Gravity Canal - 1,531 km 2. Gravity Tunnel - 203 km 3. Pressure Mains / Delivery Mains - 98 km Link-I: From Medigadda Barrage on

to Sripada Yellampalli Project Water will be reverse pumped from the confluence point of Godavari and Pranahita Rivers to Sripada Yellampalli Project with the help of 3 barrages (Medigadda, Annaram and Sundilla) and 3 lifts. As of June 2019, lifts are being commissioned with provision to lift 2 TMC (''56,63,36,93,184 liters'') of water per day from Medigadda. The water is lifted to backwaters of Annaram barrage. Again from Annaram barrage to Sundilla barrage. Finally from Sundilla to Sripada Yellampalli Project. Civil works are being executed to lift 3 TMC per day but pumps are being installed to lift only 2 TMC. If need be, only pumps would need to be installed to increase capacity by one more TMC. Link-II: From Sripada Yellampalli Project to Mid Manair Dam A new balancing reservoir is also being proposed in the outskirts of Hyderabad of 20–30 TMC to store water. The water will be supplied to this balancing reservoir in the same link. Link-V: From Anicut to Chityala From Anicut, a series of gravity canals and a small tunnel of 1.2 km are planned to transfer water to Gandamalla Reservoir and Baswapuram Reservoir. Thereafter, gravity canals are planned towards Chityal Mandal and its villages. Link-VI: From Sri Komaravelli Mallanna Sagar to Singur Dam From Sri Komaravelli Mallanna Sagar, another sequence of gravity canals, tunnels and lifts are used to transfer water to Singur Dam. Apart from that, if need be, water can be transferred to Nizam Sagar Project and from there, to SRSP. Link-VII: From SRSP Foreshore to Nizam Sagar Canals and to Dilwarpur and Hangarga village for Nirmal and Mudhole Constituency From the foreshore waters of SRSP, water will be transferred to reservoirs at Hangarga and Dilwapur villages. Apart from this, existing reservoirs like Masani Tank and kondem Cheruvu will also be linked. Canals under Nizam Sagar will also be irrigated.

Water lifting

The chief minister has said that every year about 400 TMC of water will be lifted.

Project Economics

The project requires about 5,900 MW of electricity to run its several large water pumps. Assuming, on average, the pumps require constant running for two months during the monsoon period, 24 hours a day, the total electricity consumption would be 849 crore units. Taking a unit electricity charge of Rs. 8.0 per kWh, the annual electricity cost is going to be Rs. 7000 crores per year. Assuming the project irrigates about 15 lakh acres, the electricity cost for irrigation is about Rs. 46,666 per acre per year. The chief minister has said that the project requires about Rs. 5000 crore annually for electricity charges. On the other hand, the state irrigation department had allocated Rs.7000 crores for electricity charges in its 2020 budget. The project was mainly funded with the money obtained through loans. Assuming an existing loan of Rs. 80,000 crore, at an interest rate of 6% that needs to paid up over a period of 30 years, the annual loan repayment charge is about Rs. 5760 crores per year. This implies an additional charge of Rs. 38,400 per acre per year towards the loan repayment. Therefore, the total cost of irrigation per acre is approximately Rs. 85,000 per acre per year. On the other hand, the net profit from the cultivation of the main crop i.e., paddy, could be expected to be around Rs.40,000 per acre per year, assuming two crops in a year. These numbers raise questions about the financial viability of the project. A recent report by the comptroller and auditor general of India (CAG) has pointed out that the cost to benefit ratio of the project is 1:0.75 in contrast to the state govt.'s claim of 1:1.5. In addition, by taking in to account the escalated costs for lifting the third TMC, the ratio comes down to 1:0.52. According to the report, the annual operational costs for irrigating an acre of land is Rs. 46,364 cr. The annual electricity costs are estimated to be Rs. 10,374 cr. Despite the negative report by CAG on the financial viability, the state govt. has made no effort refute the report.

Project Execution

Indian Public sector Enterprise

is executing this project and has already commissioned 16 pumping units.

Environmental law violations

In October 2020, the

National Green Tribunal The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body in India that deals with expeditious disposal of cases related to environmental protection and other natural resources. It was set up under the National Green Tribunal Act in 2010. India ...

, India's court for environmental issues, directed the Telangana government to halt work on the KLIP except the drinking water supply component. A petition had been filed by a farmer from Siddipet district, whose land was affected by the KLIP. The National Green Tribunal found, on hearing his petition, that the environmental clearances for the KLIP had not been obtained before the project, as is required by law, but had been granted by the Union Government of India after work on the project had already begun by the Telangana government. The National Green Tribunal has directed the Indian government's Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to constitute a committee to investigate the illegally granted clearances, and to file a report with them within six months. Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project Details '
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References

{{Godavari River dams (Telangana India) Dams on the Godavari River Dams in Telangana Hydroelectric power stations in Telangana Inter-state disputes in India Irrigation projects Irrigation in India Godavari basin Buildings and structures in Telangana 2019 establishments in Telangana