Juminda is a village in
Kuusalu Parish
Kuusalu Parish () is a rural municipality in northern Estonia, the largest in Harju County. After joining with the adjacent Loksa Parish in 2005, the municipality has now a population of 6,863 (as of 1 January 2009) and covers an area of . The po ...
,
Harju County
Harju County ( or ''Harjumaa''), is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is situated in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla Count ...
in northern
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
.
[ (retrieved 27 July 2021)] It is located on the coast of the
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (; ; ; ) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. ...
, on top of the
Juminda Peninsula, on the territory of
Lahemaa National Park. Juminda has a population of 35 (as of 1 January 2012).
Juminda was first mentioned in 1290 as Jumentake. In the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...
Juminda was inhabited by the
Swedes
Swedes (), or Swedish people, are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, Culture of Sweden, culture, History of Sweden, history, and Swedish language, language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, ...
. There's a 25 m lighthouse which was built in 1937.
In August 1941, one of the deadliest naval battles in the world took place near the Juminda peninsula. It was part of the
Soviet evacuation of Tallinn
The Soviet evacuation of Tallinn, also called Juminda mine battle, Tallinn disaster or Russian Dunkirk, was a Soviet operation to evacuate the 190 ships of the Baltic Fleet, units of the Red Army, and Soviet civilians from the fleet's encircled ...
when the Soviets planned to evacuate parts of the
Baltic Fleet
The Baltic Fleet () is the Naval fleet, fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.
Established 18 May 1703, under Tsar Peter the Great as part of the Imperial Russian Navy, the Baltic Fleet is the oldest Russian fleet. In 1918, the fleet w ...
from
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Estonia, most populous city of Estonia. Situated on a Tallinn Bay, bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of (as of 2025) and ...
to
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
but were stopped by a 32 km long strip of mines placed by the Germans and Finns.
The convoys consisted of a few hundred ships, some of them being passenger ships carrying
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
n and
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...
n citizens. According to historian Mati Õun, 52 ships were sunk with up to 25,000 people on board.
In 1972 a memorial stone was established in Juminda.
Estonian-Swedish politician
Enn Kokk (1937–2019) was born in Juminda.
Gallery
File:Hommikuses valguses Juminda tuletorn.jpg, Juminda lighthouse
File:Juminda monument - panoramio - Aulo Aasmaa.jpg, Monument to the victims of the naval battle
File:Juminda ps.JPG, coastline near Juminda
File:Juminda küla.jpg, households of Juminda, end 19th century
References
External links
Juminda village association
Villages in Harju County
Kuusalu Parish
{{Harju-geo-stub