Julius Duboc (October 10, 1829

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...

- June 11, 1903) was a German author and philosopher.

Biography

Karl Julius Duboc was the brother of the writer and painter Charles Edouard Duboc (1822 - 1910). He studied in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

Giessen Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the Germany, German States of Germany, state () of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen (district), district of Giessen and the Giessen (region), administrative region of Giessen. The population is appro ...

, and

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

. During his studies he became a member of the ''Cattia Gießen''

fraternity A fraternity (; whence, "wikt:brotherhood, brotherhood") or fraternal organization is an organization, society, club (organization), club or fraternal order traditionally of men but also women associated together for various religious or secular ...

in 1849. He also became a student of

Ludwig Feuerbach Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (; ; 28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German anthropologist and philosopher, best known for his book '' The Essence of Christianity'', which provided a critique of Christianity that strongly influenced ge ...

. In his philosophical writings, Duboc propagated a form of ethically reverent atheism and defended optimism in opposition to

Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer ( ; ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is known for his 1818 work ''The World as Will and Representation'' (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the Phenomenon, phenomenal world as ...

's pessimism. He critiqued

Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher. He began his career as a classical philology, classical philologist, turning to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, aged 24, Nietzsche bec ...

in his 1897 "Anti-Nietzsche" (Dresden: Helmuth Henkler). He also published historical works as well as essays and novellas. He died in Niederlößnitz in 1903 and was cremated in the Crematorium

Gotha Gotha () is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000. The city is the capital of the district of Gotha and was also a residence of the Ernestine Wettins from 1640 until the ...

."Todtenschau." ''Dresdner Geschichtsblatt'', No. 1, 1904, p. 227.

Works

Evolutionary

monism Monism attributes oneness or singleness () to a concept, such as to existence. Various kinds of monism can be distinguished: * Priority monism states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them; e.g., in Neoplatonis ...

atheism Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the Existence of God, existence of Deity, deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the ...

and the doctrine that pleasure is the end of all human activity find expression in his works, which include: * ''Soziale Briefe'' (“Letters on society,” 3rd ed. 1873) * ''Geschichte der Englischen Presse'' (“History of the English press,” 1873) * ''Die Psychologie der Liebe'' (“The psychology of love,” 1874) * ''Das Leben ohne Gott, Untersuchungen über den ethischen Gehalt des Atheismus'' (“Life without God, studies on the ethical content of atheism,” 1875) * ''Gegen den Strom'' (“Against the tide,” a collection of his earlier essays, 1877) * ''Der Optimismus als Weltanschauung'' (“Optimism as a way of looking at the world,” 1881) * ''Hundert Jahre Zeitgeist in Deutschland'' (“A hundred years of the spirit of the times in Germany,” 1889) * ''Jenseits von Wirklichen'' (“On the other side from reality,” 1896) * ''Anti-Nietzsche'' (Expanded separate publication from "Jenseits vom Wirklichen," 1897) * ''Die Lust als sozialethisches Entwicklungsprinzip'' (“Desire as a principle of social development,” 1900) * ''Fünfzig Jahre Frauenfrage in Deutschland'' (“Fifty years of the woman question in Germany,” a collection of essays)

References

Bibliography

* * 19th-century German philosophers 1829 births 1903 deaths German male writers {{Germany-philosopher-stub