A jukung or kano, also known as cadik is a small wooden

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

outrigger canoe Outrigger boats are various watercraft featuring one or more lateral support floats known as outriggers, which are fastened to one or both sides of the main hull (watercraft), hull. They can range from small dugout (boat), dugout canoes to large ...

. It is a

traditional fishing boat Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Org ...

, but newer uses include "Jukung Dives", using the boat as a vehicle for small groups of

SCUBA divers Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving whereby divers use breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface breathing gas supply, and therefore has a limited but variable endurance. The word ''scuba'' is an acronym for ...

. The double outrigger jukung is but one of many types of Austronesian

outrigger An outrigger is a projecting structure on a boat, with specific meaning depending on types of vessel. Outriggers may also refer to legs on a wheeled vehicle that are folded out when it needs stabilization, for example on a crane that lifts he ...

canoes A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles. In British English, the term ''canoe'' ca ...

that use the

crab claw sail The crab claw sail is a fore-and-aft triangular sail with spars along upper and lower edges. The crab claw sail was first developed by the Austronesian peoples by at least 2000 BCE. It is sometimes known as the Oceanic lateen or the Oceanic ...

traditional throughout Polynesia. Whilst this sail presents some difficulties in tacking into the wind, actually requiring to

jibe A jibe (US) or gybe (Britain) is a sailing maneuver whereby a sailing craft reaching downwind turns its stern through the wind, which then exerts its force from the opposite side of the vessel. It stands in contrast with tacking, where ...

around, a jukung is superb in its reaching ability and jibe-safe running. They are usually highly decorated and bear a marlin-like

prow The bow () is the forward part of the hull (watercraft), hull of a ship or boat, the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway. The aft end of the boat is the stern. Prow may be used as a synonym for bow or it may mean the f ...

. People in

Kalimantan Kalimantan (; ) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Ind ...

also named their boat Jukung. It is used for transport in daily activities such as going to the office, to school, or shopping in pasar terapung (The Floating Market, a very famous tourist attraction). Currently there is a modern version of jukung made from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe in Indonesia. Advertised as unsinkable, the main body is made of a closed HDPE pipe that contains sealed air as the source of its buoyancy.

Type of jukung

* Jukung gede (in Balinese language ''gede'' means large). A large type of jukung used for transporting 4–5 cows from

Bali Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller o ...

to Nusa Penida in

Lombok strait The Lombok Strait () is a strait of the Bali Sea connecting to the Indian Ocean, and is located between the islands of Bali and Lombok in Indonesia. The Gili Islands are on the Lombok side. Its narrowest point is at its southern opening, with a ...

, often seen in Kusamba beach.Horridge (2015). p.189. * Jukung payangan. This is the big and famous fish catcher from salompeng. The hull is about 15 m long with 5 crewmen. ''Payang'' itself refers to a type of

seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plat ...

used by local fishermen. * Jukung polangan. The usual type of jukung at Sepulu, with projecting rear end, boom-spar and five seats (called ''polangan''). The front and back "fins" were carved and painted with gold. The hull is using Madurese jukung style.

'Great Jukung Race 1988'

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vlerkprauw met gehesen zeil op het strand TMnr 20025613

In the late 1980s, a seafaring journey of over in open outrigger ‘jukung’ canoes was undertaken by nine crews, who sailed from

to Darwin across the

Timor Sea The Timor Sea (, , or ) is a relatively shallow sea in the Indian Ocean bounded to the north by the island of Timor with Timor-Leste to the north, Indonesia to the northwest, Arafura Sea to the east, and to the south by Australia. The Sunda Tr ...

. Crews were from New Zealand (Christina Campbell, Simon Kerslake), Australia (Rory McGuiness & Rebecca Scott), USA (Mark Levinson, Katherine Connors), England (Neil Turner, Jo Dadd), Japan (Tacou Ueno & Yoko), France (Jean-Pierre & Poucinette), Germany (Miriam & Peter), The Netherlands(Ine Bolsen & Wim Driessen), and Indonesia. The three-month expedition was masterminded by Bob Hobman, filmed and made into a documentary called "Passage out of Paradise", produced by Orana films "The Great Jukung Race 1988". It was featured by the

National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, natural sc ...

as "The Great Jukung Race". It was the first expedition of this kind, following purported Austronesian sailing routes in craft dating 7,000 years old. The expedition started in Bali, where once crews were familiar with sailing their jukungs they embarked on a two-month adventure following the ancient sailing routes used around 1,000 years BC, along the eastern Islands via Komodo Island. They completed the journey with a treacherous 5-day sail across the

Arafura Sea The Arafura Sea (or Arafuru Sea) lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Western New Guinea (also called Papua), which is the Indonesian part of the Island of New Guinea. Geography The Arafura Sea is ...

to Darwin, via the

Tiwi Islands The Tiwi Islands ( meaning "two islands") are part of the Northern Territory, Australia, to the north of Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin adjoining the Timor Sea. They comprise Melville Island, Northern Territory, Melville Island, Bathurst I ...

. Challenges experienced were storms requiring numerous boat repairs, waterspouts, excessive exposure to sun, heat, or rain, adverse currents, and whirlpools. Hazards included near drifting onto war-torn

Timor Timor (, , ) is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is Indonesia–Timor-Leste border, divided between the sovereign states of Timor-Leste in the eastern part and Indonesia in the ...

, unpredictable behaviour/welcome from remote villagers, salt water boils, wound infections, malnutrition, near misses with night-time freighters, and sightings of sperm whales and giant white sharks. Some sailors were attacked by a swarm of hornets while preparing to leave a remote beach camp. The crews ultimately rebelled & unanimously decided to sail as a group, as opposed to racing the final leg of the journey, for safety reasons. They avoided the risk of contact with salt water crocodiles and lethal box jellyfish, common in the Northern Territory coastal waters. All sailors survived a cyclone of more than winds in their tiny long, wide primitive bamboo/rope jukungs, although the Australian crew were lost for two days; they were later located by the Australian coast guard, with a smashed jukung washed up on an island. The fleet of nine jukungs and 18 international sailors were given a traditional welcome by local Melville Island Aborigines, and successfully reached their final destination of Darwin, Australia.

References

External links

Traditional Boats by Horst Liebner
* Horridge, Adrian (2015). ''Perahu Layar Tradisional Nusantara''. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak. An Indonesian translation of Horridge, Adrian (1985). ''The Prahu: Traditional Sailing Boat of Indonesia, second edition''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

– Traditional Indonesian Trimaran *http://www.aquatec.co.id Types of fishing vessels Sailing ships Boats of Indonesia Outrigger canoes Indigenous boats {{Indonesian traditional vessels

Type of jukung

'Great Jukung Race 1988'

See also

References

External links