Juan Francisco Treviño was the Governor of

Santa Fe de Nuevo México Santa Fe de Nuevo México (; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico in English) was a province of the Spanish Empire and New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico. The first capital was San Juan d ...

(New Mexico) from 1675 to 1679. As governor, he persecuted the

Pueblo Pueblo refers to the settlements of the Pueblo peoples, Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlement ...

Native Americans, causing the

Pueblo Revolt The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé, Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the Indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish Empire, Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger t ...

against the Spanish settlers.

Biography

Treviño was appointed governor in 1675. Upon arriving in New Mexico, he took on the task of eliminating the native

religion. His knowledge of the religious practices was largely derived from Alonso de Posada's work, which detailed the aspects of shamanism.Martínez Laínez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploración, conquista y defensa por parte de España del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (Flags far: The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). Page 138-139. Fourth edition: September 2009. He ordered his troops to burn the

kiva A kiva (also ''estufa'') is a space used by Puebloans for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, "kiva" means a large room that is circula ...

s and idols of the Pueblo,New Mexico Office of the State Historian: Juan Francisco Treviño
by Grace Meredith. Retrieved on January 1, 2012, to 21:59 pm. and arrest 47 medicine men, who were accused of

witchcraft Witchcraft is the use of Magic (supernatural), magic by a person called a witch. Traditionally, "witchcraft" means the use of magic to inflict supernatural harm or misfortune on others, and this remains the most common and widespread meanin ...

Etulain, Richard W. (editor; 2002)
New Mexican Lives: Profiles and Historical Stories
University of New Mexico Press. Page 60. and the murder of several missionaries. Three of them were hanged in Jemez, Nambé Pueblo, and San Felipe, while another forty-three were flogged, sold as slaves, and publicly humiliated. When some of the Native American leaders heard of what had happened in the Pueblo villages, they sent their men to Santa Fe demanding the release of detainees. Taking advantage of the fact that most of the governor's soldiers were away fighting the

Apaches The Apache ( ) are several Southern Athabaskan language-speaking peoples of the Southwestern United States, Southwest, the Southern Plains and Northern Mexico. They are linguistically related to the Navajo. They migrated from the Athabascan ho ...

,. about 70 Native American warriors surrounded the governor's palace and stormed inside, capturing Treviño. In exchange for his freedom, Treviño freed the imprisoned men. Among the Pueblos who were released was the religious leader,

Popé Po'pay, sometimes spelled Popé, ( ; – ) was a Tewa religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh, who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule. In the first successful anticolonial revolt against a European colonial power in the Wes ...

, who after his release, began planning a revolt against the Spanish. Upon receiving news that the Pueblos were again building kivas, Treviño ordered Franciscan missionaries to begin an investigation and destroy these rooms. On September 24, 1675, Treviño sent soldier

Juan Dominguez de Mendoza ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philipp ...

to the

Navajo The Navajo or Diné are an Indigenous people of the Southwestern United States. Their traditional language is Diné bizaad, a Southern Athabascan language. The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (1 ...

lands leading a group of 40 Spanish men and 300 Pueblo auxiliaries. In the conflict, the troops killed and captured many Navajos, freed the Spanish and Pueblo prisoners, and destroyed other possessions. He renamed Zia Pueblo as "Plaza de Armas", and converted it to an assembly and mustering place for the Spanish troops.Simmons, Marc; Esquibel, José (2012)
Juan Domínguez de Mendoza: Soldier and Frontiersman of the Spanish Southwest, 1627-1696
The University of New Mexico Press. The New Mexican population also had troubles with the Apaches who destroyed agricultural lands and churches in New Mexico. In June 1676, Lieutenant Governor Tomé Mendoza (who was brother of Juan Dominguez de Mendoza) was ordered to form an expedition against the Apaches who were attacking Socorro and

Senecú The Piro pueblo of Senecú was the southernmost occupied pueblo in New Mexico prior to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. It was located on the west bank of the Rio Grande within sight of the Piro pueblo of San Pasqual. Colonial Spanish documents consis ...

. Juan de Mendoza was appointed as commander of these troops by Treviño. After two more years of governance in New Mexico, Treviño retired in 1679 and was replaced by Antonio de Otermin. In 1677, Treviño returned to the Capital of New Spain.

References

External links

National Park service
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trevino, Juan Francisco Colonial governors of Santa Fe de Nuevo México Neomexicano slave owners