José Pedro Montero
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José Pedro Montero (1 August 1878 – 7 June 1927) was
President of Paraguay The president of Paraguay (), officially known as the president of the Republic of Paraguay (), is the head of the executive branch of the government of Paraguay, serving as both head of state and head of government according to the Constitu ...
from 1919 to 1920.


Early life

Montero was born in
Asunción Asunción (, ) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay. The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the north ...
, in a neighborhood called Villa Aurelia, southeast of the Recoleta, on 1 August 1878. He married Andrea Campos Cervera, and studied in the Colegio Nacional de la Capital (Capital's National School) with his friend Pastor Ibáñez. He finished school in 1896, then moved to
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...
,
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, where he studied medicine and became a paediatrician. He graduated in 1904 from the Faculty of Medicine of the UBA
University of Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires (, UBA) is a public university, public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the second-oldest university in the country, and the largest university of the country by enrollment. Established in 1821 ...
, that same year he presented a thesis about "The proof of the chloride".


Medical career

Back in
Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...
, he became director of the Hospital de Clínicas, and a substitute professor of Pediatrics. In 1901, he was appointed Paraguay's delegate in the Pan-American Congress in Buenos Aires. In 1906, he served as Paraguay's delegate to the fourth Medical Congress in
Montevideo Montevideo (, ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Uruguay, largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2023 census, the city proper has a population of 1,302,954 (about 37.2% of the country's total population) in an area of . M ...
,
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. From 1905 to 1908 he received a scholarship from the Faculty of Medicine and taught at the same institution. After the events of July 2, 1908, he became active in politics. He later became a member of the Educational Superior Council and Director of Public Assistance. He founded the maternity services, drugstore, chemical, bacteriological, and urgency services. In 1910, he obtained a position as a member of the Parliament, but after
Manuel Gondra Manuel Gondra Pereira (1 January 1871 – 8 March 1927) was the 21st President of Paraguay who served from 25 November 1910 to 11 January 1911 and again from 15 August 1920 to 31 October 1921. Born in Buenos Aires, he was also an author, a jour ...
was overthrown he left the country. In Argentina he was an active member of a movement organized by the Partido Liberal Radical ( Radical Liberal Party) in 1912. Later in the same year, he was part of the Revolutionary Committee of Pilar. He died on 7 June 1927 and by municipal disposition No. 1766 from June 23 of the same year, the old avenue of the hospital was named after him.


Political career

He was
Minister of Finance of Paraguay Minister of Finance is the person in charge of the Ministry of Finance of Paraguay. Ministers * José de Elizalde, 1811-1814 * Francisco Díaz de Bedoya, 1814-1819 * José Gabriel Benítez, 1819-1827 * Juan Manuel Álvarez, 1827-1844 * Benito Va ...
from 1915 to 1916. He assumed the first magistracy, in his character of
Vice President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...
, after the death of
Manuel Franco Manuel Franco (July 9, 1871 – June 5, 1919) was President of Paraguay from August 15, 1916, to June 5, 1919. Childhood and Youth Doctor Manuel Franco was born in Concepción, Paraguay, Concepción on June 9, 1871, in times of the government of ...
, a position that he held from June 6, 1919 until August 1920. After World War I, the government of Montero was affected the economical crisis that had expanded through the entire region. This crisis affected mostly the middle and lower classes. His cabinet was composed of
Eusebio Ayala Eusebio Ayala Bordenave (August 14, 1875 – June 4, 1942) was a Paraguayan politician who served as the 28th President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. A member of the Liberal ...
in Foreign Relations,
Luis Alberto Riart Luis Alberto Riart Vera (21 June 1880 – 1 October 1953) was a Paraguayan politician and President of Paraguay from 17 March 1924 to 15 August 1924. Biography Between 1906 and 1916 he was President of the Instituto Paraguayo (Paraguayan Insti ...
in the Department of the Interior, Manuel Peña in the Treasury Department,
Félix Paiva Félix Paiva (21 February 1877, Caazapá, Caazapá Department – 2 November 1965, Asunción) was a Paraguayan politician from the Liberal Party. His mother was Martina Paiva. He was married to Silvia Esther Heisecke, and had 6 sons, Armando, A ...
in the Justice and Culture Department, and Commander
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in War and Navy. During his government some forts were founded in Chaco, the Caballero State was acquired, the municipal constitutional law was modified, the colony Nueva Colombia was founded, the project for postal charges to United States was approved, Paraguay was invited to participate in the International Rural Congress of Peoria (
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, USA). The Ministry of Public Works started to promote the acquisitions of small properties in the entire territory of the country. It was also made the division of pieces of land and the colonization of the fiscal lands, there were processed more than five thousand files related to buying of farming lands and were drawn up more 154 titles of property. In 1919 more than 100.000 pesos were used for building schools in the interior of the country, the agreement about the arbitrage with
Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...
and
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was appointed member of the Supreme Court. In April 1920 the Feminist Center of Paraguay was founded, several schools were also created and the Fortin Dorado in Chaco is settled. On August 15 of the same year, Montero passed the Presidency to
Manuel Gondra Manuel Gondra Pereira (1 January 1871 – 8 March 1927) was the 21st President of Paraguay who served from 25 November 1910 to 11 January 1911 and again from 15 August 1920 to 31 October 1921. Born in Buenos Aires, he was also an author, a jour ...
. Also that year, the commercial agreement with Japan was signed, the law of trial and dismissal of magistrates; sanitary zones in
Asunción Asunción (, ) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay. The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunción in the north ...
, Villarica and
Caacupé Caacupé (; Guaraní language, Guarani: Ka'akupe , literally: "Behind the Mount") is a city and district in Paraguay. It is the capital of the Department (subnational entity), department of Cordillera Department, Cordillera. The town was founded i ...
and was created the regulations for the Army. Some designations were made in the intellectual and artistic field. The people who received this honor were: Narciso R. Colmán, Juan F. Bazán, Arturo Alsina, Juan Sorazábal, Rufo Galeano, José Concepción Ortiz and Eudoro Acosta Flores. Here is important to mention the hiring of the Brazilian Doctor Edgar Roquette Pinto and the retiring of
Juan E. O'Leary ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. The name is of Hebrew origin and has the meaning "God has been gracious." It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking countries around the world and in the Philippi ...
in the Colegio Nacional and the Escuela Normal. One of the biggest concerns of Montero was the problem with the land. In 1919 were founded Nueva Colombia, in Altos, with 6,122 hectares and Santiago, in General Delgado, with 1909 hectares. In 1920, Curupaity was founded in Barrero Grande, with a total of 1,111 hectares. The education suffered some inconveniences and on 25 July 1919 a plan for the educational reform in the schools of the capital and Villarrica was started, a process which lasted four years. On 22 September of the same year the plan was also adopted for high school education. He was Representative for the capital and was in that position until 1901. On August 7, 1908 he signed the manifest of the "Radicals" assembly. He was Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior during the government of
Eduardo Schaerer Eduardo Schaerer Vera y Aragón (2 December 1873 – 12 November 1941) was a Swiss-Paraguayan businessman, publisher and politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 1912 to 1916 for the Liberal Party, respectively briefly as the Mi ...
. He occupied the position until he joined
Manuel Franco Manuel Franco (July 9, 1871 – June 5, 1919) was President of Paraguay from August 15, 1916, to June 5, 1919. Childhood and Youth Doctor Manuel Franco was born in Concepción, Paraguay, Concepción on June 9, 1871, in times of the government of ...
as companion for the upcoming presidential elections for the period 1916-1920.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montero, Jose Pedro 1878 births 1927 deaths People from Asunción Paraguayan pediatricians Presidents of Paraguay Vice presidents of Paraguay Presidents of the Senate of Paraguay Ministers of finance of Paraguay Ambassadors of Paraguay to Italy Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay University of Buenos Aires alumni