Joseph Garnier
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Joseph-Clément Garnier (3 October 1813 – 25 September 1881) was a French economist and politician. He was a prolific author and a member of many learned societies. In the last years of his life he was a Senator for Alpes-Maritimes.


Life

Joseph Garnier was born in Beuil, Alpes Maritimes, on 3 October 1813, son of a farmer. He studied at the
Draguignan Draguignan (; ) is a commune in the Var department in the administrative region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (formerly Provence), southeastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department and self-proclaimed "capital of Artillery" an ...
, then in 1829 entered the Ecole supérieure de commerce de Paris. On the recommendation of the director of the school, the economist Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, he was appointed assistant professor and then director of studies. At the same time he published articles on political economy. In 1835 he became an editor at '' Le National''. In 1838 he founded a vocational education center, which he managed until 1843. Garnier was one of the founders of the ''Journal des Economistes'' in 1841, of which he became director in 1845. Joseph Garnier and his friends Adolphe-Gustave Blaise (1811–86) and Gilbert Guillaumin (1801–64) decided to form a society that would meet once a month to dine and discuss political economy. The first meeting of the
Société d'économie politique The Société d’Economie Politique () is a French learned society concerned with political economy. It was founded in 1842 to provide a forum for discussion of free trade, a subject of violent debate at the time, and has continued to organize dis ...
with five people was held on 15 November 1842 including Blaise, Garnier, Guillaumin and Eugène Daire (1798–1847). The numbers grew with successive meetings. The society was open to men with very different positions in life and diverse political views, most of them influential either through their position or their writings. They could meet on neutral scientific grounds to exchange views on subjects such as the functions of the state, land rents, commercial freedom, public finances, the Crédit Foncier, regulations and socialism. The central theme was always political economy. Garnier was made permanent secretary of the Société d'Economie Politique. In 1846 Garnier cofounded the short-lived Association pour la liberté des échanges, with others such as
Frédéric Bastiat Claude-Frédéric Bastiat (; ; 30 June 1801 – 24 December 1850) was a French economist, writer and a prominent member of the French liberal school. A member of the French National Assembly, Bastiat developed the economic concept of opportun ...
and Wolowski. Also in 1846 he was named professor of political economy at the
École des Ponts et Chaussées École or Ecole may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * Éco ...
. He was one of the organizers of the Congress of Friends of Peace, held in Paris in 1849, Frankfurt in 1850 and London in 1851. He founded and directed the ''Nouveau Journal des Connaissances utiles'' (1853–1860) and contributed to the ''Dictionnaire de l'Economie Politique'' of
Charles Coquelin Charles Coquelin (25 November 1802 in Dunkerque – 12 August 1852 in Paris) was a French economist. He wrote on the banking sector in his "Dictionnaire de l’économie politique" and "Le crédit et les banques". He also wrote in the Revue des ...
and Gilbert-Urbain Guillaumin. Garnier was a member of almost all the societies of statistics and political economy of Europe. Garnier ran for election in the supplementary elections of 1871, but did not succeed. In 1873 he was elected a member of the
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...
in place of
Charles Dupin Baron Pierre Charles François Dupin (; 6 October 1784, Varzy, Nièvre – 18 January 1873, Paris, France) was a French Catholic mathematician, engineer, economist and politician, particularly known for work in the field of mathematics, where t ...
. Garnier was elected senator of Alpes-Maritimes on 30 January 1876 with 121 out of 207 voters. He sat on the left, and consistently voted with the Republicans until his death. Joseph Garnier died in Paris on 25 September 1881. He had been made a Knight of the
Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...
in August 1860.


Publications

Besides his economic articles in the ''Presse'', ''National'', ''Siècle'' and ''Journal des Débats'', Garnier published a great number of works. The best known include the ''Traité d'économie politique'', which was often reprinted, his ''Traité de finances'', the ''Annuaire d'économie politique et de statistique'', which he published from 1844 to 1855 in collaboration with Guillaumin, a revised edition of Malthus and a ''Traité sur le principe de population''. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Notes


Sources

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External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Garnier, Joseph 1813 births 1881 deaths French liberal politicians French classical liberal economists 19th-century French economists French senators of the Third Republic Senators of Alpes-Maritimes Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques ESCP Business School alumni