Joos van Cleve - Self-Portrait - WGA5048

Joos van Cleve (; also Joos van der Beke; c. 1485–1490 – 1540/1541) was a leading painter active in

Antwerp Antwerp (; ; ) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of Antwerp Province, and the third-largest city in Belgium by area at , after ...

from his arrival there around 1511 until his death in 1540 or 1541. Within

Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting represents the Renaissance in the Low Countries, 16th-century response to Italian Renaissance art in the Low Countries, as well as many continuities with the preceding Early Netherlandish painting. The perio ...

, he combines the traditional techniques of

Early Netherlandish painting Early Netherlandish painting is the body of work by artists active in the Burgundian Netherlands, Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance period, once known as the Flemish Primitives. It flour ...

with influences of more contemporary Renaissance painting styles. An active member and co-deacon of the

Guild of Saint Luke The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city guild for painters and other artists in early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries. They were named in honor of the Evangelist Luke, the patron saint of artists, who was iden ...

of Antwerp, he is known mostly for his religious works and portraits, some of royalty. He ran a large workshop, with at least five pupils and other assistants, which produced paintings in a variety of styles over his career. As a skilled technician, his art shows sensitivity to color and a unique solidarity of figures. His style is highly eclectic: he was one of the first to introduce broad world landscapes in the backgrounds of his paintings, sometimes collaborating with

Joachim Patinir Joachim Patinir, also called Patenier ( – 5 October 1524), was a Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, Flemish Renaissance painter of History painting, history and Landscape painting, landscape subjects. He was Flanders, Flemish, from the ar ...

, which would become a popular technique of sixteenth century

northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps, developing later than the Italian Renaissance, and in most respects only beginning in the last years of the 15th century. It took different forms in the vari ...

paintings. Some works reflect the popular style of

Antwerp Mannerism Antwerp Mannerism refers to the style of a group of largely anonymous painters active in the southern Netherlands, principally in Antwerp, in roughly the first three decades of the 16th century. The movement marks the tail end of Early Netherl ...

, while others are variations on early Netherlandish masters of two or more generations before, or reflect recent Italian painting. Four of his more important paintings have the

monogram A monogram is a motif (visual arts), motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbo ...

"JB", presumably for Joos van der Beke, rather inconspicuously placed. In three other works a self-portrait is placed among the minor figures. From the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, the name of Joos van Cleve as an artist was lost. Some of the paintings now attributed to Joos van Cleve were, at that time, known as the works of the "Master of the Death of the Virgin", after the triptych in the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in

Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...

. In 1894 it was discovered that the monogram on the back of the triptych was that of Joos van der Beke, the real name of Joos van Cleve. His oeuvre was reconstructed in the 1920s and 1930s by Ludwig von Baldass and Max Jakob Friedländer. Now over 300 works are generally attributed to him or his workshop, which vary considerably in both quality and style.Leeflang, 63 He was the father of Cornelis van Cleve (1520–1567) who also became a painter, and inherited the workshop. Cornelis became mentally ill during a residence in England and was therefore referred to as 'Sotte Cleef' (mad Cleef).Joos van Cleve
at the

Netherlands Institute for Art History The Netherlands Institute for Art History or RKD (Dutch: ), previously Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD), is located in The Hague and is home to the largest art history center in the world. The center specializes in document ...

Life

Joos van Cleve - Altarpiece of the Lamentation - WGA5041

Joos van Cleve was born around 1485–90. The birthplace of Joos van Cleve is not precisely known. In various Antwerp legal documents he is referred to as 'Joos van der Beke alias van Cleve'. It is therefore likely that he came from the Lower Rhenish region or city named

Kleve Kleve (; traditional ; ; ; ; ; Low Rhenish: ''Kleff'') is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Netherlands, Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and lat ...

(in traditional English "Cleves"), from which his name is derived. It is assumed that he began his artistic training around 1505 in the workshop of Jan Joest, whom he assisted in the panel paintings of the wings for the high altar of the Nikolaikirche in

Kalkar Kalkar () is a municipality in the district of Kleve, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the Rhine, approx. 10 km south-east of Cleves. The catholic church St. Nicolai has preserved one of the most significant sacral inv ...

, Lower Rhine, Germany,John Oliver Hand. "Cleve, van (i)." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 25 March 2015 from 1506 to 1509. These include one of his self-portraits. From this a birth date of about 1485 to 1490 is inferred. Joos van Cleve is believed to have moved to

Bruges Bruges ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders, in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is in the northwest of the country, and is the sixth most populous city in the country. The area of the whole city amoun ...

between 1507 and 1511 since his painting style is similar to that of the painters of Bruges. Later he moved to Antwerp, and in 1511 became a free master in the Antwerp

. He was co-deacon of the guild for several years around 1520, along with registering pupils there at various dates between 1516 and 1536. In 1528 he bought a house from his wife's parents. As there are no records of his being in Antwerp between 1529 and 1534, it is possible he spent some of this time in Italy or France at the court, or even London. From surviving documents it is clear that he was alive in Antwerp on 10 November 1540 and dead by 4 February 1541.

Personal life

He had two children from his first marriage, a daughter and a son. His son named Cornelis (1520) became a painter. Although the date of his death is unknown, Joos van Cleve drew up a will and testament on 10 November 1540, and his second wife was listed as a widow in April 1541. There are a number of other "van Cleef" Antwerp painters recorded from his time, some of whom may have been relatives.

Work

Compositions were often copied, repeated or adapted; for example at least six versions of an ''Adoration of the Magi'' triptych composition by him and his workshop are known, though varying considerably in size, with the widths of the centre panel ranging from 56 to 93 cm. This probably reflected different intended sites for the paintings, from private house chapels to churches. Numerous paintings contain

heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, Imperial, royal and noble ranks, rank and genealo ...

, which often enables the customers to be identified, including eleven of the twenty-one

altarpiece An altarpiece is a painting or sculpture, including relief, of religious subject matter made for placing at the back of or behind the altar of a Christian church. Though most commonly used for a single work of art such as a painting or sculpture, ...

s attributed to the workshop. In other works the identity of local saints gives clues. Antwerp was the centre of European trade in the period, and the Antwerp merchant class was highly cosmopolitan. Five paintings can be linked with Italy, especially

Genoa Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitan ...

, and others to

(three altarpieces) and Danzig in Germany, and four to various Netherlandish cities. Others have the arms of his homeland Mark-Cleves, the territories of John III, Duke of Cleves, and the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

, suggesting the duke or a close courtier. Three paintings delivered to King Francois I of France are recorded. The great majority of his work is religious subjects or portraits, with the main exceptions being versions of the ''Suicide of

Lucretia According to Roman tradition, Lucretia ( /luːˈkriːʃə/ ''loo-KREE-shə'', Classical Latin: �ʊˈkreːtia died ), anglicized as Lucrece, was a noblewoman in ancient Rome. Sextus Tarquinius (Tarquin) raped her. Her subsequent suicide precipi ...

'', and a Leonardo-esque half-length nude, the ''Mona Vanna'' in the

National Gallery in Prague The National Gallery Prague (, NGP), formerly the National Gallery in Prague (), is a state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and presents masterpieces of Czech and international fine a ...

. In January 2021 an episode the

BBC Four BBC Four is a British free-to-air Public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom, public broadcast television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It was launched on 2 March 2002

series '' Britain's Lost Masterpieces'', centred on the fine art collection of the

Royal Pavilion The Royal Pavilion (also known as the Brighton Pavilion) and surrounding gardens is a Grade I listed former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages as a seaside retreat for George, Prince o ...

in Brighton, uncovered a work of Joos van Cleve, a portrayal of

Balthazar Balthazar, Balthasar, Baltasar, or Baltazar may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Balthazar (novel), ''Balthazar'' (novel), by Lawrence Durrell, 1958 * ''Balthasar'', an 1889 book by Anatole France * ''Professor Balthazar'', a Croatian a ...

, previously attributed to Bernard van Orley. The painting had once been the left-hand door of a folding altarpiece triptych. File:Cat373-cons2017.jpg, ''Descent from the Cross'',

Rogier van der Weyden Rogier van der Weyden (; 1399 or 140018 June 1464), initially known as Roger de le Pasture (), was an Early Netherlandish painting, early Netherlandish painter whose surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs, altarpieces, and commis ...

's figures (Prado), given a landscape background. File:The Last Judgment by Joos van Cleve.jpg, ''The

Last Judgment The Last Judgment is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the '' Frashokereti'' of Zoroastrianism. Christianity considers the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to entail the final judgment by God of all people who have ever lived, res ...

'', oil on panel, 123.8 cm (48.7 in) high File:Joos van Cleve, c.1516-18, Le Christ en Salvator Mundi, 54 x 40 cm, Louvre.jpg, ''

Salvator Mundi , Latin for Saviour of the World, is a subject in iconography depicting Christ with his right hand raised in blessing and his left hand holding an orb (frequently surmounted by a cross), known as a . The latter symbolizes the Earth, and the whol ...

'', c.1516-18,

Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...

File:Joos van Cleve - Annunciation (Metropolitan Museum of Art).jpg, ''Annunciation''; Italianate figure style, with the Early Netherlandish domestic setting of works such as the

Mérode Altarpiece The Mérode Altarpiece (or ''Annunciation Triptych'') is an Oil painting, oil on oak panel triptych, now in The Cloisters, in New York City. It is unsigned and undated, but attributed to Early Netherlandish painting, Early Netherlandish painter R ...

Robert Campin Robert Campin (Valenciennes (France) c. 1375 - Tournai (Belgium) 26 April 1444) now usually identified with the Master of Flémalle (earlier the Master of the Merode Triptych, before the discovery of three other similar panels), was a master pai ...

, c. 1525 File:Joos van cleve inv.2928.jpg, '' Rest on the Flight into Egypt'', Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium File:Joos van Cleve 003.jpg, Portrait of Eleonore of Austria, Queen of France, c. 1530

Artistic influences

The influence of Kalkar and Bruges are seen in many of Joos van Cleve's early works, such as ''Adam and Eve'' (1507). The ''Death of the Virgin'' (1520) shows the combined influence of several artists. It has the intense emotionality of

Hugo van der Goes Hugo van der Goes ( – 1482) was a Flemish painter who was one of the most significant and original Early Netherlandish painters of the late 15th century. Van der Goes was an important painter of altarpieces as well as portraits. He introduced i ...

, and iconographic ideas of

Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck ( ; ; – 9 July 1441) was a Flemish people, Flemish painter active in Bruges who was one of the early innovators of what became known as Early Netherlandish painting, and one of the most significant representatives of Early Nort ...

and

. A strong influence of Italian art combined with Joos van Cleve's own color and light sensitivity make his works especially unique. The " Antwerp Mannerist" style is identifiable in the ''Adoration of the Magi''. It is thought that the "Antwerp Mannerists" were in turn influenced by Joos van Cleve. Like Quentin Matsys, a fellow artist active in Antwerp, Joos van Cleve appropriated themes and techniques of

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested o ...

. This is apparent in the use of

sfumato Sfumato ( , ; , i.e. 'blurred') is a painting technique for softening the transition between colours, mimicking an area beyond what the human eye is focusing on, or the out-of-focus plane. It is one of the canonical painting modes of the Renaissan ...

in the ''Virgin and Child''. Multiple versions of a soft, sentimental ''Madonna and Child and the Holy Family'' were discovered, produced in his workshop.

Royal portraits

Joos van Cleve's skills as a portrait artist were highly regarded as demonstrated by a summons to the court of

Francis I of France Francis I (; ; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once removed and father-in-law Louis&nbs ...

. There he painted the

king King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

(

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMA) is an List of art museums#North America, art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at ...

), the queen Eleanor of Austria (

Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ( "Vienna Museum of art history, Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, i ...

) and other members of the court. His portrait of

Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his Wives of Henry VIII, six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. ...

of England is of comparable size to that of Francis I (72.1 x 59.2 cm) and the compositions and costumes in both portraits are similar. Some historians have interpreted this as evidence that the portraits were pendants painted to commemorate the meeting of the two kings in

Calais Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a French port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Calais is the largest city in Pas-de-Calais. The population of the city proper is 67,544; that of the urban area is 144,6 ...

and

Boulogne Boulogne-sur-Mer (; ; ; or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Hauts-de-France, Northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Pas-de-Calais. Boul ...

on 21 and 29 October 1532, which Joos might possibly have witnessed. Other historians have proposed the alternative view that van Cleve based the Henry VIII portrait on that of Francis I without meeting the English king. He may have hoped that this gesture might earn him English royal commissions in future.

Virgin and Child and Holy Family

Small devotional pictures of the

Virgin Mary Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Saint Joseph, Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is an important figure of Christianity, venerated under titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, various titles such as Perpetual virginity ...

were the bread and butter work of early 15th century painting workshops, and Joos van Cleve produced many different types of the ''

Virgin and Child In Christian art, a Madonna () is a religious depiction of the Blessed Virgin Mary in a singular form or sometimes accompanied by the Child Jesus. These images are central icons for both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The word ...

'', the ''

Holy Family The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph. The subject became popular in art from the 1490s on,Ainsworth, 122 but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de La ...

'' and the ''Virgin and Child with St Anne''. In some instances the

prime version In the art world, if an artwork exists in several versions, the one known or believed to be the earliest is called the prime version. Many artworks produced in media such as painting or carved sculpture which create unique objects are in fact r ...

has been lost, but the type can be recovered through the numerous replicas produced by his workshop and copyists. Most of these were no doubt produced with no specific commission, with many distributed by agents and dealers across Europe, for the houses of the wealthy. The Holy Family was a newly popular subject in small devotional paintings, reflecting increased theological and devotional interest in the role of

Saint Joseph According to the canonical Gospels, Joseph (; ) was a 1st-century Jewish man of Nazareth who was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was the legal father of Jesus. Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Catholic Church, Eastern O ...

. One of the earliest examples of the new type is the painting by Joos dated to c. 1512 at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. This essentially reduced the figures from

's '' Lucca Madonna'' (c. 1435,

Städel The Städel, officially the ''Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie'', is an art museum in Frankfurt, with one of the most important collections in Germany. The museum is located at the Museumsufer on the Sachsenhausen bank of t ...

, Frankfurt) to a close-up with domestic

still life A still life (: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly wikt:inanimate, inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or artificiality, human-m ...

details, and added Saint Joseph over the Virgin's shoulder. The wine and fruits on the foreground are a reference to Christ's incarnation and future sacrifice. They also hint at the emerging genre of still-life painting in Flanders. Another of the many compositional types exists in very similar versions, one in the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest and another sold at Sotheby's on 30 January 2014. It is full of charm and tenderness and was popular in his own time as well as with later collectors. The composition shows the Virgin with a brilliant red cloak, lined with fur and elaborately embroidered with pearls along the outside edge. The Virgin is seated in a loggia-like space with open windows through which a distant mountainous landscape is visible. She has her lips parted in a slight smile while she helps the Christ Child drink from a glass with red wine, a symbol of Christ's future suffering and blood and the

Eucharist The Eucharist ( ; from , ), also called Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament or the Lord's Supper, is a Christianity, Christian Rite (Christianity), rite, considered a sacrament in most churches and an Ordinance (Christianity), ordinance in ...

. Characteristic of Netherlandish painting of this period are the jewel-like colours and the details of the Virgin's costume and brocade pillow in the foreground. A new devotional type of the Virgin alone, her hands clasped in prayer, also appears in many versions. This may be called a '' Mater Dolorosa''. File:Joos van Cleve - Madonna and Sleeping Child in a Landscape.jpg, Madonna and Sleeping Child in a Landscape, 1515–1520 File:Joos van cleve, madonna col bambino.JPG, Genoa, Palazzo Bianco File:Joos van Cleve - Kirschenmadonna (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin).jpg, Leonardo-esque ''Madonna of the Cherries'', Berlin, c. 1525 File:Joos van Cleve (c.1464-c.1540) - Virgin and Child - 104 - Fitzwilliam Museum.jpg,

Fitzwilliam Museum The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities University museum, museum of the University of Cambridge. It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge. It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard ...

, c. 1525–30 File:Joos van Cleve - Virgin and child.jpg, With wine-drinking Child, sold

Sotheby's Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...

, 2014 File:Joos van Cleve - The Virgin in Prayer (Minneapolis Institute of Arts).jpg, ''The Virgin in Prayer'', Minneapolis Institute of Arts File:Joos van Cleve - Mater Dolorosa - ILE1973.8.2 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg, ''The Virgin in Prayer'', Yale File:The Holy Family MET DT3079.jpg, Another

type found in many versions

Saint Jerome

Saint Jerome Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome. He is best known for his translation of the Bible ...

became increasingly of interest and popular after the publication of

Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...

's nine-volume set of his works, prefaced with a biography, in 1516, and the general increased interest in the text of the Bible. Jerome had compiled the

Latin Vulgate The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It is largely the work of Saint Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels used by the Roman Church. Later, of his own initia ...

which remained the official version of the

Western church Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church and Western Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as the Old Catholic C ...

until the

Protestant Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and ...

was well under way. Paintings of Saint Jerome were produced by Joos and his workshop, apparently beginning in 1521, in three basic types: penitent amid a desert landscape, with his attribute of a lion; at bust or half-length in a cluttered study, often with a skull on his desk; and lastly in his study, naked to the waist and holding a rock. The first two are not original, and borrow in particular from

Albrecht Dürer Albrecht Dürer ( , ;; 21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528),Müller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Dürers'', Walter de Gruyter. . sometimes spelled in English as Durer or Duerer, was a German painter, Old master prin ...

; the last, from the 1520s onwards, is an unusual combination of a figure type usually seen outdoors with the indoors study setting. In some versions of this type there are inscriptions referring to the

Last Judgement The Last Judgment is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the '' Frashokereti'' of Zoroastrianism. Christianity considers the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to entail the final judgment by God of all people who have ever lived, res ...

. Various inscriptions in the second type, usually on the back wall, also exhort thoughts of death and judgement. The last type is probably known only from numerous workshop or later versions. File:Joos van Cleve - Saint Jerome in Penitence (1516-18).jpg, ''Saint Jerome in Penitence'' File:Joos van Cleve - Der heilige Hieronymus.jpg, The second type described here File:Saint Jerome in His Study.jpg, ''Saint Jerome in His Study'', 1528, Princeton, with ''HOMO BULLA'' ("Man is a bubble") on the wall. File:Joos van cleve (da), san girolamo penitente nello studio, 1545 ca.jpg, In his study, with a rock

Works (very incomplete list)

In chronological order

* ''The Holy Family'' (1515), Academy of Fine Arts Vienna * ''Saint Reinhold Altar'' (before 1516),

National Museum, Warsaw The National Museum in Warsaw (, MNW) is a national museum in Warsaw, one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital. It comprises a rich collection of ancient art (Art of ancient Egypt, Egyptian, Art in ancient Greece, Greek, ...

* ''Descent from the Cross'' (c. 1517–20),

* ''Triptych. Centre: the Deposition from the Cross; Left wing: St John the Baptist with a Donor; Right wing: St Margaret of Antioch with a Donatrix'' (1518–1519),

National Gallery of Scotland The National (formerly the Scottish National Gallery) is the national art gallery of Scotland. It is located on The Mound in central Edinburgh, close to Princes Street. The building was designed in a neoclassical style by William Henry Playfa ...

, Edinburgh * ''Self-Portrait'' (1519),

Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum The Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (, ; named after its founder, Baron Heinrich Thyssen, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza), or simply the Thyssen, is an art museum in Madrid, Spain, located near the Museo del Prado, Prado Museum on one of the city ...

, Madrid * ''The Death of the Virgin'' (1520),

Alte Pinakothek The Alte Pinakothek (, ''Old Pinakothek'') is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pin ...

, Munich * '' Man with the Rosary'' (1520), National Museum of Serbia * ''Altarpiece of the Lamentation'' (1520–25),

, Paris * ''Lucretia'' (1520–25),

, Vienna * ''Madonna of the Cherries'' (c1525), Bristol Museum & Art Gallery, Bristol, UK. * ''St. John the Evangelist on Patmos'' (1525),

University of Michigan Museum of Art The University of Michigan Museum of Art (UMMA) is one of the largest university art museums in the United States, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan, with . Built as a war memorial in 1909 for the university's fallen alumni from the Civil War, Alu ...

Ann Arbor Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous cit ...

* ''Portrait of a Man and Woman'' (1520 and 1527), Galleria degli

Uffizi The Uffizi Gallery ( ; , ) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of th ...

, Florence * ''The Annunciation'

(1525),

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

, New York * '' The Infants Christ and Saint John the Baptist Embracing'' (1525–30),

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

, Chicago * ''Adoration of the Magi'' (1526–28),

Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister The (, ''Old Masters Gallery'') in Dresden, Germany, displays around 750 paintings from the 15th to the 18th centuries. It includes major Italian Renaissance painting, Italian Renaissance works as well as Dutch Golden Age painting, Dutch and F ...

, Dresden * ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' (1528), Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center,

Vassar College Vassar College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. Founded in 1861 by Matthew Vassar, it was the second degree-granting institution of higher education for women in the United States. The college be ...

, Poughkeepsie, New York * ''Portrait of Eleonora, Queen of France'' (1530), Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna * ''Virgin and Child'' (1535), Landesmuseum, Oldenburg * ''Madonna and Child against the renaissance background'' (c. 1535), Museum of King Jan III's Palace at

Wilanów Wilanów () is a dzielnica, district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is home to historic Wilanów Palace, the "Polish Palace of Versailles, Versailles," and second home to various List of Polish rulers, Polish kings. Wilanów is home to many v ...

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Dates unknown

* ''Death of the Virgin'', Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne * ''The Holy Family'',

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and holds the large ...

, St. Petersburg * ''Mona Vanna'', National Gallery Prague * ''Portrait of Agniete ven den Rijne'', Rijksmuseum Twenthe, Enschede * ''Portrait of Anthonis van Hilten'', Rijksmuseum Twenthe, Enschede * ''St. Anne with the Virgin and Child and St. Joachim'', Oldmasters Museum, Brussels * ''Virgin and Child'', Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest * ''Triptych of Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew'', Sacred Art Museum of Funchal

Notes

References

* Hand, John Oliver. ""Saint Jerome in His Study" by Joos Van Cleve." ''Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University'' 49, no. 2 (1990): 3–10. Accessed January 4, 2021. doi:10.2307/3774675
JSTOR
* Leeflang, Micha. "Joos Van Cleve's "Adoration of the Magi" in Detroit: Revealing the Underdrawing," ''Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts'' 82, no. 1/2 (2008): 60–75. Accessed January 3, 2021
JSTOR
* Snyder, James. ''Northern Renaissance Art'', 1985, Harry N. Abrams,

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cleve, Joos van 1480s births 1541 deaths Flemish Renaissance painters Flemish history painters People from Kleve Flemish Mannerist painters Catholic painters Painters from Antwerp Pupils and followers of Leonardo da Vinci