Jonathan King (other)

Jonathan King (born Kenneth George King; 6 December 1944) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He first came to prominence in 1965 when "Everyone's Gone to the Moon", a song that he wrote and sang while still an undergraduate, achieved chart success. King's career in the music industry was effectively ended in 2001, when he was convicted of sexually abusing five teenage boys.

King discovered and named the rock band Genesis in 1967, producing their first album ''From Genesis to Revelation''. He founded his own label UK Records and the Bay City Rollers. In the 1970s King became known for hits that he performed and/or produced under different names, including "Johnny Reggae", " Loop di Love", "Sugar, Sugar", " Hooked on a Feeling", "Una Paloma Blanca" and "It Only Takes a Minute"; between September 1971 and 1972 he produced 6 top 30 singles in the UK."King Forms U.K. Records," ''Billboard'', 9 September 1972
32

In the 1980s King appeared on radio and television in the UK, including on the BBC's ''Top of the Pops'' and ''Entertainment USA''. In 1990-91 he produced the Brit Awards and in 1997 he selected and produced the winning British entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, "Love Shine a Light" by Katrina and the Waves.

In September 2001, King was convicted of child sexual abuse and sentenced to seven years in prison for having sexually assaulted five boys, aged 14 and 15, in the 1980s. In November 2001, he was acquitted of 22 similar charges. He was released on parole in March 2005. A further trial for sexual offences against teenage boys resulted in several not guilty verdicts and the trial being abandoned in June 2018.

Early life

Family background

King was born in a nursing home in Bentinck Street, Marylebone, London, the first child of George Frederick John "Jimmy" King, managing director at Tootal, a tie manufacturer, and his wife, Ailsa Linley Leon (1916–2007), a former actress. Originally from New Jersey, Jimmy King had moved to England when he was 14. He attended Oundle School and Trinity College, Cambridge, before joining the American Field Service during World War II and later Tootal Ties and Shirts as managing director.

King's birth was a forceps delivery and a muscle on his upper lip was affected during it, giving him his slightly crooked smile.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 1. After he was born, the family lived in Gloucester Place, Marylebone, then moved to Surrey, where King and his younger brothers, James and Anthony, were raised in Brookhurst Grange, near Ewhurst.

Stoke House and Charterhouse

King was sent to boarding school, first as a weekly boarder to pre-prep school in Hindhead, Surrey, then, when he was eight, to Stoke House Preparatory School in Seaford, East Sussex.King,
65 My Life So Far
', ch. 2. A year later, in 1954, after his father died from a heart attack, Brookhurst Grange was sold and the family moved to Cobbetts, a cottage in nearby Forest Green.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 3.

Music became his passion around this time. King would save his pocket money for train trips to London to watch ''My Fair Lady'', ''The King and I'', ''Irma la Douce'', '' Salad Days'', ''Damn Yankees'' and '' Kismet'' from the cheap seats in the balcony. He also discovered pop music and bought his first single, Guy Mitchell's "Singing the Blues" (1956).King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 4.

In 1958, King became a boarder at Charterhouse in Godalming, Surrey. He wrote that he "loved Charterhouse immediately", with its history and "every possible area of encouragement from sport to intellectual pursuits." Unlike at Stoke House, there were other boys there who appreciated pop music. He bought a transistor radio and earphones and joined the "under the bedclothes" club, listening to Tony Hall, Jimmy Savile, Don Moss and Pete Murray on Radio Luxembourg, and keeping track of the ''New Musical Express'' charts. The music, particularly Buddy Holly, Adam Faith, Roy Orbison and Gene Pitney, made him "ache with desire":

Since "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" swept me off my feet, I had become a raving pop addict, desperate for a fix every few seconds. I kept thick notebooks packed with copies of the weekly charts, adverts for new products, pages of predictions of future hits, reviews and comments about current artistes. Looking at them now, there was no way I could ever have avoided a future in the music industry.

Gap year

King left Charterhouse in 1962 to attend Davies's, a London crammer, for his A levels. With his wages from a job stacking shelves in a supermarket, he made a demo of himself the following year singing "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" and "Fool's Paradise" Eden Kane song with the Ted Taylor Trio, a professional group in Rickmansworth. Wearing a pinstripe suit and trainers, he approached John Schroeder of Oriole Records and told him he could make a hit record. "I have been studying the music industry for the last three years and it is one big joke," Schroeder reported him as saying. "Anyone can make it if they're clever and can fool a few people." After hearing King's demo, Schroeder booked a studio session with an orchestra but suspected that King could not sing in tune.

King also joined a local band in Cranleigh, the Bumblies, as manager/producer and occasional singer, sometimes wearing thigh-length boots and long black gloves, during the band's appearances at birthday parties and similar.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 6.

King failed the scholarship exam for Trinity College, Cambridge, but he was offered a place in 1963 after an interview. He accepted, but first took a gap year and spent six months travelling with a round-the-world ticket from his mother. Staying mostly in youth hostels, he visited Greece, the Middle East, Asia, Australia and the United States, including Hawaii, where, in June 1964, he met the manager of the Beatles, Brian Epstein.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 7. In October that year King began to study for his degree in English literature at Cambridge, lodging in Jesus Lane.

Career

Early success

Around the time King began at Cambridge, the Bumblies (featuring Terry Ward) recorded a song he had written and produced, "Gotta Tell", which King persuaded Fontana Records to release. It appeared in April 1965 and "rightly sank without trace", King writes, but the experience of taking it from label to label, and then trying to find people to play it, taught him how to promote a record. He called DJs and television producers to ask them to listen to it and, because it was Easter, delivered hundreds of vinyl singles to music critics complete with Easter eggs he had painted himself. King and the Bumblies recorded another of his songs, "All You've Gotta Do", with producer Joe Meek, but nothing came of it.

Keen to break into the music business, King contacted Tony Hall of Decca Records, who put him in touch with The Zombies' producers Ken Jones and Joe Roncoroni. King played them one of his songs, "Green is the Grass", and they asked him to write a B side. He offered them six songs, including "Everyone's Gone to the Moon", which became the A side. They also suggested he change his name.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 8.

Decca released "Everyone's Gone to the Moon" in August 1965. Relying on the contacts he had made while promoting "Gotta Tell", King plugged it relentlessly to radio stations to get it on their playlists. DJ Tony Windsor of Radio London, a pirate station broadcast from the '' MV Galaxy'', was the first to play it, not only once, but three times in a row. (Windsor later said he did this only because of a problem with his other turntable.) It sold 26,000 copies the next day.

When the song made number 18 in the charts, King was invited onto the BBC's ''Top of the Pops''. The following day it sold 35,000 copies. It peaked at number four in the UK (the Beatles were at number one with "Help!") and 17 in the US, and was awarded a gold disc.Lazell, Barry (1989). ''Rock movers & shakers'', Billboard Publications, 279. Nina Simone, Bette Midler, and Marlene Dietrich all covered it. Dietrich sang "Everyone's Gone to the Moon" and its B side, "Summer's Coming", at the Golders Green Hippodrome in October 1966, with an arrangement by Burt Bacharach. The single reached No. 17 in the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and was one of the songs carried on the Apollo 11 Moon mission. In 2019, the track was included in the soundtrack of the Hollywood film '' In The Shadow of the Moon'' over the closing credits.

His next release, "Green is the Grass", flopped, but the third (which he wrote and produced, but did not perform), "It's Good News Week" by Hedgehoppers Anonymous, was more successful. It was released in September 1965 through Decca and credited to King and his new publishing company, JonJo Music Co. Ltd, which was named after King, Ken Jones and Joe Roncoroni and based in Jones' and Roncoroni's office at 37 Soho Square.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 11. Briefly banned by the BBC because of its lyrics about birth control, the song made the top five in the UK and top 50 in America.

Also in 1965, King began contributing a column to ''Disc and Music Echo'', a weekly magazine edited by Ray Coleman. King adopted a deliberately provocative style, promoting new acts but also publishing criticism of the music industry and particular artists.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 10. Michael Wale described him as "the butterfly who stamped its foot".

Discovery of Genesis

In early 1967, King attended an old boys' reunion at Charterhouse School. He said he went there to show off, "oust ngBaden-Powell as their most famous Old Boy." When they heard he was going to be there, a school band recorded a demo tape for him, and a friend, John Alexander, left the cassette in King's car with a note, "These are Charterhouse boys. Have a listen". Calling themselves Anon, the band consisted at that point of Peter Gabriel, Tony Banks, Anthony Phillips, Chris Stewart and Mike Rutherford, then all aged 15 to 17.Welch, Chris (1995). ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Genesis''. Omnibus Press, 1–3.

King liked several songs such as "She is Beautiful" (which became "The Serpent" on the band's first album) and, according to Philips, they got the deal with King on the basis of that song. King signed the band to JonJo Music and licensed the short-term rights to Decca Records. He paid them £40 for four songs, and came up with their name, Genesis, to mark the start of his own career as a serious record producer.Banks, Tony, et al. (2007). "Charterhouse (1963–1968)," in Philip Dodd (ed.), ''Genesis: Chapter and Verse'', St. Martin's Griffin, 27–28. According to Phillips, King was "hugely patient and indulgent" with the band. John Silver, drummer on the first album, wrote in 2007:

We would be pretending to rehearse or simply waiting around and somehow somebody would bring a message to the flat, "Quick, get over to Jonathan King's flat, because Paul McCartney's turning up." We would scurry over as quickly as possible because the art was to be there, looking casual, before the next famous person arrived, so that Jonathan King could say, "Hey, these are my new protégés." I trusted him as a god, because he knew these people. It wasn't celebrity like it is now. There were only a few famous people and he knew them. If Jonathan said jump or stand backwards or stand on your head, basically you did it. This was the nature of the relationship; he was completely omnipotent, in a decent way.

King produced their first three singles, including " The Silent Sun" (1968) and an album, ''From Genesis to Revelation'' (1969). Banks and Gabriel wrote "The Silent Sun" as a late-1960s Bee Gees "pastiche" to please King; Robin Gibb's voice was apparently King's favourite at the time. The records made little impact; the album sold just 649 copies "and we knew all of those people personally," wrote Banks. King slowly lost interest in the band. Their next demo was even less "poppy"; the more complicated the songs, the less King liked them.Banks 2007, 52. Genesis left King in 1970 for Tony Stratton Smith's Charisma Records, were joined by Phil Collins and Steve Hackett—and, after another two unsuccessful albums, released ''Foxtrot'' (1972) to critical acclaim. King retained the rights to the first album and re-released it several times under different titles. Rutherford said in 1985 that, "for all his faults", King had given the band an opportunity to record, which at that time was hard to come by.

After graduating and broadcasting

King graduated from Cambridge in June 1967. Shortly afterwards King started presenting ''Good Evening'', a weekly television show that ran nationally on ATV at 6:30 pm on Saturdays from October 1967 to 1968. The following year he began broadcasting for BBC Radio 1, including a "blast off" slot on the Stuart Henry show.King, ''65 My Life So Far'', ch. 12.

Early 1970s

"It's Good News Week" (1965) was the last big hit King had for four years. Then his cover of " Let It All Hang Out" (1969) made the top 30 in January 1970, and he went on to become the top singles producer of 1971 and 1972,"UK Producer King Launches Own Label"
''Billboard'', 27 May 1972, 51. beginning with "It's the Same Old Song". Released by B&C Records in December 1970 under a pseudonym, the Weathermen, it moved into the charts a month later. Using pseudonyms meant more airtime: radio producers might play several songs by the same artist during a programme without realizing they had devoted so much airtime to one person.

King's 1971 releases included a version of Bob Dylan's " Baby, You've Been On My Mind", released as Nemo, which failed to chart; '' The Sun Has Got His Hat On'', also as Nemo; "Sugar, Sugar" as Sakkarin; " Leap Up and Down (Wave Your Knickers in the Air)" by St Cecelia (this one a real band, rather than a pseudonym), which went to number 12; and " Lazybones", "Flirt" and " Hooked on a Feeling" – all released under his own name.

Bell Records asked King to produce four songs for the Bay City Rollers, including their first hit, " Keep on Dancing", on which King sang the 13 backing vocals himself. Released in May 1971, the single reached number nine.

"Hooked on a Feeling", a country song that King had turned into a pop hit, adding "ooga chaka ooga ooga" to the intro, was a Top Thirty hit. King's arrangement later gave Swedish group Blue Swede a US number one in April 1974. The arrangement featured in ''Reservoir Dogs'' (1992), at least one episode of ''Ally McBeal'', where it provided the music for the Dancing Baby (1998), and ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' (2014), although King writes that he made no money from the Blue Swede version. Years later the track still garners coverage.

Another top three 1971 hit was "Johnny Reggae", a ska pop song about a skinhead, written by King after he was introduced to a Johnny Reggae at the Walton Hop disco in Surrey. It was sung by King and middle-aged session singers pretending to be teenagers, credited to The Piglets and released by Bell. John Stratton writes that "Johnny Reggae" was the "first British hit with a ska beat to have been written by a white Englishman ... and performed by white English singers and musicians." While, according to Lloyd Bradley, the BBC was reluctant to play reggae by black Jamaican artists, "Johnny Reggae", which Bradley described as "lamentable ndaudibly jarring", reached number three in the UK in November 1971 (when Slade's "Coz I Luv You" was number one) and stayed in the top 50 for 12 weeks.

It has been reported that, under various different names and in assorted formats, he sold around 40 million records.Ronson, Jon (1 December 2001)
"The fall of a pop impresario"
''The Guardian''

UK records

In 1972, King founded the UK Records

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