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Johannes Elias Teijsmann (1 June 1808 – 22 June 1882) was a biologist, 
He is notable for the introduction of GROWING VANILLA PLANT
, staff.unud.ac.id Due to Teijsmann's hard put effort the number of plant collections in the garden had grown from 900 in 1822 to 10,000 in 1863. Teijsmann also played a large role in the separation of the Botanic Gardens from the adjacent Buitenzorg Palace on 30 May 1868, a move that gave the public and scientists more access to the Gardens.Sejarah Kebun Raya Bogor
, krbogor.lipi.go.id He resigned honorably from the directorship of the garden in 1869 and was awarded the title ''"Inspector Honorair Cultures"''. Using this title he visited many of the provincial residences across the Dutch East Indies and continued to gather more plants for the Botanical Gardens. Teijsmann died in 1882 and for his service to Lands Plantentuin, a monument to honor him was erected by the Gardens' director Dr.
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: Johannes Elias Teijsmann
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teijsmann, Johannes Elias 1808 births 1882 deaths 19th-century Dutch botanists Scientists from Arnhem Palm oil production in Indonesia
botanist
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
and plant collector. He was born in Arnhem
Arnhem ( ; ; Central Dutch dialects, Ernems: ''Èrnem'') is a Cities of the Netherlands, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capita ...
, The Netherlands.
His surname is sometimes spelled ''Teysmann'', although he spelled it ''Teijsmann''.
Teijsmann travelled to Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...
in 1830 as gardener of Governor General Johannes van den Bosch. He was appointed the director - ''hortulanus'' - of the Lands Plantentuin in Buitenzorg (now Bogor
Bogor City (), or Bogor (, ), is a landlocked city in the West Java, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.
) the following year, a post he held until 1869. He took part in important botanical expeditions throughout maritime Southeast Asia
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the Southeast Asian countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor.
The terms Island Southeast Asia and Insular Southeast Asia are sometimes given the same meaning as ...
. Teijsmann was also part of a Dutch fact-finding mission to Siam
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
(presently Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
).
He is notable for the introduction of cassava
''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ...
plants (from the island of Bantam, near Sumatra
Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi. ...
) as a food source to alleviate famines in the then Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...
. Together with his collaborator Justus Carl Hasskarl
Justus Carl Hasskarl (6 December 1811 – 5 January 1894) was a German explorer and botanist specializing in pteridophytes, bryophytes and spermatophytes.
Biography
Justus Carl Hasskarl was born in Kassel in the Kingdom of Westphalia. In ...
, he introduced the cultivation of Cinchona
''Cinchona'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the Tropical Andes, tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are ...
trees (from Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
) for the production of quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to ''Plasmodium falciparum'' that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal leg ...
to treat malaria
Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...
(ca. 1852/1854). There was a bitter conflict between Teijsmann and two fellow botanists, Johann Eliza de Vrij (1813–1898) and Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn
Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn was a German-born Dutch botanist and geologist. His father, Friedrich Junghuhn was a barber and a surgeon. His mother was Christine Marie Schiele. Junghuhn studied medicine in Halle and in Berlin from 1827 to 18 ...
on the effectiveness of various Cinchona species in the treatment of malaria. Nevertheless, successful experimentation on the plant was carried out in the new Cibodas Gardens which eventually made Java the largest producer of kina (Cinchona bark). His interest in palm trees led Teijsmann to introduce the oil palm
''Elaeis'' () is a genus of palms, called oil palms, containing two species, native to Africa and the Americas. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil.
Description
Mature palms are single-stemmed, and can gro ...
(from West Africa) to Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
, which remains a significant export earner for the country’s economy. He also introduced vanilla
Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia'').
''Vanilla'' is not Autogamy, autogamous, so pollination ...
artificial pollination techniques to Java, making the crop much more productive and cheaper., staff.unud.ac.id Due to Teijsmann's hard put effort the number of plant collections in the garden had grown from 900 in 1822 to 10,000 in 1863. Teijsmann also played a large role in the separation of the Botanic Gardens from the adjacent Buitenzorg Palace on 30 May 1868, a move that gave the public and scientists more access to the Gardens.Sejarah Kebun Raya Bogor
, krbogor.lipi.go.id He resigned honorably from the directorship of the garden in 1869 and was awarded the title ''"Inspector Honorair Cultures"''. Using this title he visited many of the provincial residences across the Dutch East Indies and continued to gather more plants for the Botanical Gardens. Teijsmann died in 1882 and for his service to Lands Plantentuin, a monument to honor him was erected by the Gardens' director Dr.
Melchior Treub
Melchior Treub (26 December 1851 – 3 October 1910) was a Dutch botanist. He worked at the Bogor Botanical Gardens in Buitenzorg on the island of Java, south of Batavia, Dutch East Indies, gaining attention for his work on tropical flora. He a ...
, and his friends in 1884. The monument is located in what is now called the Medan Teijsmann in the Botanic Garden (now known as Kebun Raya Bogor).
The genus '' Teysmannia'' (since the work of Harold Emery Moore more correctly called ''Johannesteijsmannia
''Johannesteijsmannia'' is a genus of four species of Arecaceae, palms found in tropical rainforests of the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and northern Sumatra. They are fan palms, usually growing without a trunk. The genus was named in honor of Johan ...
'') is named in his honour, together with several plant species. He was also commemorated in the periodical ''Teysmannia'', which was published between 1890 and 1922. In 1925, it was incorporated into ''De Indische Culturen-Teysmannia''.
References
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: Johannes Elias Teijsmann
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teijsmann, Johannes Elias 1808 births 1882 deaths 19th-century Dutch botanists Scientists from Arnhem Palm oil production in Indonesia