Joachim Wtewael
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Joachim Anthoniszoon Wtewael (; 1566 – 1 August 1638), also known as Uytewael (), was a Dutch
Mannerist Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it ...
painter and draughtsman, as well as a highly successful
flax Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, ''Linum usitatissimum'', in the family Linaceae. It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates. In 2022, France produced 75% of t ...
merchant, and town councillor of
Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...
. Wtewael was one of the leading Dutch exponents of
Northern Mannerism Northern Mannerism is the form of Mannerism found in the visual arts north of the Alps in the 16th and early 17th centuries. Styles largely derived from Italian Mannerism were found in the Netherlands and elsewhere from around the mid-century, es ...
, and his distinctive and attractive style remained largely untouched by the naturalistic developments happening around him, "characterized by masterfully drawn, highly polished figures often set in poses".Slive, 13 Wtewael was trained in the style of late 16th-century Haarlem Mannerism and remained essentially faithful to it, despite painting well into the early period of Dutch Golden Age painting. Altogether he has left about a hundred paintings, as well as drawings and some stained glass he designed. He painted a mixture of large paintings on canvas, and tiny
cabinet painting A cabinet painting (or cabinet picture) is a small painting, typically no larger than in either dimension, but often much smaller. The term is especially used for paintings that show full-length figures or landscapes at a small scale, rather th ...
s on copper plates, the latter the more numerous and typically the most distinctive. There is also a group of mid-sized paintings, often on panel. In all these sizes he painted a mixture of conventional religious subjects and mythological ones, the latter with a strong erotic element. Especially in his works on copper he returns to the same subjects in several works, but varying the compositions. The Adoration of the Shepherds, Venus and Mars Surprised by Vulcan, and the Feast of the Gods as the wedding feasts of Cupid and Psyche, Peleus and Thetis, the latter often combined with the Judgement of Paris, and Lot and His Daughters, are some examples of these favourite subjects. The first of these was painted in all sizes. Often the large paintings contain only a few figures, but the small and middle sized ones are extremely crowded compositions, the mythological ones typically including many nudes. In some works he also revived the kitchen scene subjects of
Pieter Aertsen Pieter Aertsen (1508, Amsterdam – 2 June 1575, Amsterdam), called ''Lange Piet'' ("Tall Pete") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, whi ...
from a half century before. According to Seymour Slive, "When well preserved his little pictures glow like gems". He was very prosperous as a merchant of flax (for the manufacture of
linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...
and
canvas Canvas is an extremely durable Plain weave, plain-woven Cloth, fabric used for making sails, tents, Tent#Marquees and larger tents, marquees, backpacks, Shelter (building), shelters, as a Support (art), support for oil painting and for other ite ...
), which no doubt occupied much of his time, but was also famous as a painter in his own day, with his reputation reaching as far as
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
, where
Emperor Rudolf II Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–16 ...
obtained his ''The Golden Age'' (now
Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...
, New York). His large house on one of the main canals of Utrecht remains, though remodelled, and as well as family portraits the Utrecht museum has two very fine pieces of his furniture. He had several children, and seems to have stopped painting for almost the last decade of his life, perhaps influenced by the illness and death of his wife. Like his brother he was a city councillor; as a member of the main Dutch Reformed Church he was involved in the struggles with the Remonstrants.Clifton, Helmus, & Wheelock, Introduction His best known work, and almost his largest, is the near life-size ''Perseus and Andromeda'' in the
Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...
. Producing his highly finished small paintings was probably not very economic, and he was not short of money; his own pleasure and fame were probably his main motivations. His granddaughter still owned 30 of his paintings in 1669.Liedtke (2005), 93 Reflecting an increase of interest in Wtewael's art in recent decades, in 2015–16 ''Pleasure and Piety: The Art of Joachim Wtewael (1566–1638)'', the first major exhibition devoted solely to his work, showed in Utrecht, Washington DC and Houston, Texas.


Life

Wtewael was born and spent almost all of his life in
Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...
, where he died. He was the son of a glassmaker and glass painter who had settled in Utrecht in 1566. He began his career in Utrecht, according to Carel van Mander, as a glassmaker and glass engraver in his father's workshop. In 1586, he began four years of travelling and living in Italy and then France, the latter in the household of the bishop of St Malo, Charles de Bourgneuf de Cucé. His main Italian base was in
Padua Padua ( ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 20 ...
, close to
Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
, and his earliest works show awareness of the Second School of Fontainebleau, which was probably the result of visiting there.Grove Returning to Utrecht in about 1590 (by 1592 at the latest), Wtewael established a workshop and joined the saddlemakers'
guild A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They so ...
(which in Utrecht then covered painters as well) as a painter and began producing paintings, drawings, engravings, and
stained glass Stained glass refers to coloured glass as a material or art and architectural works created from it. Although it is traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-dimensio ...
.National Gallery biography
Retrieved 16 November 2015
Later he was a founder member of the new Utrecht Guild of Saint Luke for the painters of Utrecht. He never lived elsewhere, and seems never to have travelled outside the Netherlands again. A gentlemanly contemporary in Utrecht, who might be thought in a good position to know the artist and his work, also praised very highly Wtewael's skill in sculpture, but no clear examples of this are known. He married Christina Wtewael van Halen (1568–1629), whose portrait of 1601 makes a pair with the self-portrait illustrated. In 1596 they had a son Peter Wtewael, who became a painter; their other son, Jan (1598–1652), may also have been a painter as, unlike Peter, he registered with the guild, in 1639 after his father's death. Joachim von Sandrart, visiting Utrecht in 1626, complained that Peter and his father neglected painting for the flax business. In the portraits by Joachim of his two sons, Peter is shown as a painter and Jan as a "humanist", carrying a book. Peter died a wealthy man in 1660, having remodelled the family house in 1639, the year after his father died. In the late 1620s Joachim painted portraits of both his sons, dated 1628, his daughter Eva (1607–1635, see gallery) and a pair of his other daughter and her husband Johan Pater, dated 1626. All of these are in Utrecht. Burial records suggest several other children died young, but their birthdates are unknown. Wtewael's dated paintings stretch from 1592 to 1628, taking him from the age of 26 to 62. He was on the town council in 1610 and was later awarded a seat for life by the Stadtholder Maurice, Prince of Orange for his loyalty against the Remonstrants. However his brother was also rewarded in this way and Utrecht had a rule against more than one brother being on the council at any time. So he did not take up his seat until 1632, after his brother had died. Despite a reasonable amount of documentary records, the leading scholar of his work has written that "Wtewael the man is essentially inscrutable".


Style and reception


Development

He trained with the Haarlem Mannerist Joos de Beer, who also trained Abraham Bloemaert, also from Utrecht and born the same year as Wtewael. Bloemaert's later career in Utrecht contrasted strongly with Wtewael's in that he was an important teacher, with whom most of the Utrecht Caravaggisti trained at least for a while. He also changed his style significantly, reflecting newer influences from Italy and the Netherlands itself. In contrast, apart from his son Peter, Wtewael had only three recorded painting apprentices, and was without any assistance for long intervals. They were probably little help in producing his small works on copper, and none of them became well known.MacLaren, 502; Slive, 13–15; Clifton, Helmus, & Wheelock, Introduction Wtewael was thus one of the founding generation of Utrecht painting; previously the city had been a centre for sculpture, as befitted a city governed by its bishop, but not known for painting. While Wtewael's reputation may have been beneficial to other Utrecht painters, his own style remained too ''retardataire'' for him to have much influence on them. Wtewael's style remained largely unchanged, although his colours shifted from the acidic pastels of his earlier work to stronger shades after about 1615, and some influence from the style of
Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (also Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi da Caravaggio; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), known mononymously as Caravaggio, was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the fina ...
can be detected in later works. The shift in his style can be seen in his largest painting, ''The Raising of Lazarus'' (158 x 208 cm) in
Lille Lille (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Prefectures in F ...
(illustrated in the gallery below), which though bought as a Spranger in 1900, shows a movement away from the more extreme poses and colours of the 1590s, and even from the drawing which may have been its modello. In the painting he have moved away from the small heads and over-long legs typical of
Mannerism Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it ...
in both its Italian and Northern manifestations.


Portraits, religious subjects, and economics

In contrast, his few portraits are almost all of his family and are in a conventional and more realist style comparable to that of the leading Utrecht portraitist of his day, Paulus Moreelse (1571–1638), whose works must have been very familiar to Wtewael. The appearance of the whole family is only recorded in single formal portraits by Wtewael. He also painted a few half-length imaginary paintings of saints or gods, singly or in small groups, such as a set of the
Four Evangelists In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew the Apostle, Matthew, Mark the Evangelist, Mark, Luke the Evangelist, Luke, and John the Evangelist, John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts ...
that are now dispersed in various collections. The ''Bacchus'' in the gallery section was paired with a ''Ceres'', and perhaps a now lost ''Venus''; these may have been his last works, and show some influence from the Caravaggisti in the single large figures placed as though very close to the viewer. His biography by Carel van Mander says regretfully that his flax business occupied much of his time, and records examples of his pictures in the collections of two wealthy Dutch collectors. Many of Bloemaert's religious paintings were produced for the Catholic semi-secret '' schuilkerk'' hidden churches of Utrecht, which had a large Catholic population who were not able to worship in public. There is no evidence, or suggestion by scholars, that Wtewael's religious paintings were produced for this market; instead they are assumed to have been for the houses of the wealthy, like his other works. Among his religious subjects, the ''Raising of Lazarus'', which he painted at least twice, was given a specifically Protestant interpretation by contemporary Protestants, as demonstrating the efficacy of ''
sola gratia ''Sola gratia'', meaning by grace alone, is one of the five ''solae'' and consists in the belief that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only, not as something earned or deserved by the sinner. It is a Christian theologi ...
'', as well as ''
sola fide (or simply ), meaning justification by faith alone, is a soteriological doctrine in Christian theology commonly held to distinguish the Lutheranism, Lutheran and Reformed tradition, Reformed traditions of Protestantism, among others, from th ...
'' or "justification by faith alone", since Jesus' action in restoring Lazarus to life is presented in the Gospels as unrelated to anything Lazarus has done to deserve this.


Mythological paintings

The eroticism of his mythological works was daring for the time, and some of the small paintings were probably not displayed publicly, by their original collectors as much as later by museums. Two of the preparatory drawings for different painted versions of ''Mars and Venus Surprised'' were mutilated by later owners to remove parts of the lovers' bodies, and the Mauritshuis version, part of the founding royal gift, was not displayed in the 1920s, the contemporary explanation being that this was "to protect an immature public from itself". It remained in storage, and rather dirty, until the 1980s, when, after the Getty Museum acquired their version of the subject, it was cleaned and placed on display, soon joining touring selections of "masterworks" from the museum.Woodall, 41, 45–48, 52 The Getty version was itself kept in private collections in ways that meant it was not normally visible, which may partly explain its immaculate condition. Other works by Wtewael have also been changed by overpainting to hide erotic anatomical details. Wtewael had other means of creating a sensuous atmosphere, such as the suggestive pink mouths of large shells that often lie on the ground below nude females, as in the Louvre ''Andromeda'' or the National Gallery ''Judgement of Paris''. His depiction of erotic subjects are not simply titillating, but like many such Dutch paintings, depicted subjects that allowed for moralistic interpretations. Anne Lowenthal, the most dedicated scholar of Wtewael, has analysed his several depictions of ''Lot and his Daughters'', dating from several periods of his career, and proposes that his treatments are designed to allude to various different possible interpretations of the biblical story, and to pose a "moral dilemma" for the viewer. His favourite subjects had all been used previously, especially in Mannerism, but his choices seem to show a deliberate avoidance of the most familiar, as in his preference for the ''Adoration of the Shepherds'' over the more common '' Adoration of the Magi''. About 30% of his paintings are of mythological subjects, historically an unusually large proportion even within Northern Mannerism, perhaps not exceeded before
Nicolas Poussin Nicolas Poussin (, , ; June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was a French painter who was a leading painter of the classical French Baroque style, although he spent most of his working life in Rome. Most of his works were on religious and mythologic ...
. His treatments are not without realist elements; the furniture, metalware, and other props are often carefully depicted versions of the luxury products of his own day, and the faces of his Olympians often un-idealized and very Dutch-looking, so that the viewer "often has the sense of seeing flesh and blood figures in bizarre circumstances rather than fantasies tinged by observations from life". Dutch art theory of the day recognised two "pictorial modes": "'realist' depiction ''naer het leven'' (from the life) and 'ideal' imitation ''uyt den geest'' (from the spirit or intellect)." These were respectively associated with "low" subjects and
history painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and B ...
, but it was a characteristic feature of Wtewael's work to combine both in a single picture. Among his favourite subjects, the '' Feast of the Gods'', typically particularized as either the wedding of Cupid and Psyche or that of Peleus and
Thetis Thetis ( , or ; ) is a figure from Greek mythology with varying mythological roles. She mainly appears as a sea nymph, a goddess of water, and one of the 50 Nereids, daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus. When described as a Nereid in Cl ...
, sometimes appeared in Italian Renaissance art, but became especially popular in Northern Mannerist painting. This seems to spring from a large
engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a Burin (engraving), burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or Glass engraving, glass ar ...
of 1587 by Hendrik Goltzius in
Haarlem Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English language, English) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Provinces of the Nether ...
of a drawing by Bartholomeus Spranger (now Rijksmuseum) that Carel van Mander had brought back from Prague, where Spranger was court painter to Emperor Rudolf II. ''The Feast of the Gods at the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche'' was so large, at 16 7/8 x 33 5/8 in. (43 x 85.4 cm), that it was printed from three different plates. More than 80 figures are shown, placed up in the clouds over a world landscape that can be glimpsed below. The composition borrows from both
Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. List of paintings by Raphael, His work is admired for its cl ...
and Giulio Romano's versions. Among several other compositions of ''Feasts'', Wtewael produced a painted version of this, much smaller than the print or drawing, but still with dozens of figures (illustrated left). ''Mars and Venus Surprised'' came from
Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso (; 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid ( ), was a Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a younger contemporary of Virgil and Horace, with whom he i ...
, and was usually one of the scenes shown in illustrated editions. Wtewael's approach to this subject too can be traced back to Spranger and Goltzius, and a drawing of 1585 by the latter (now in the Getty Museum) is close to Wtewael's several compositions, with a scrum of figures hovering over an elaborate bed. Drawings by Bloemaert may also have had an influence.


Collections

The largest collection of his work, which includes a self-portrait (1601), and several other family portraits, is in the Centraal Museum, Utrecht, who were given works that had remained in the family until recent decades. Several other Dutch, German, British and American museums have works, but many also remain in private collections. Some large zoomable images:
''Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan''
about 1606 – 1610, 20.3 x 15.5 cm (8 × 6 1/8 in.). Getty Museum, Malibu
''The Holy Family with Saints and Angels''
c. 1606–1610, oil on copper, 19.8 x 15.5 cm, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
''The Judgement of Paris''
1615,
National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current di ...
, London


Gallery

Large paintings File:1595 Wtewael Die Sintflut anagoria.JPG, ''The Deluge'', 1595, 148 x 184.6 cm File:Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael - The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian'', 1600, 169 x 125 cm (66.6 x 49.3 in) File:Lille PdBA Wtewael lazare.JPG, ''Raising of Lazarus'', about 1600, his largest painting at 158 x 208 cm,
Lille Lille (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Prefectures in F ...
File:Joachim Wtewael - Portrait of Christina Wtewael van Halen (1568-1629) - Google Art Project.jpg, His wife, Christina Wtewael van Halen (1568-1629), 1601 File:A Kitchenmaid, by Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael.jpg, ''A Kitchenmaid, in the background Jesus in the house of Mary and Martha'', 1620–25. Close to works by
Pieter Aertsen Pieter Aertsen (1508, Amsterdam – 2 June 1575, Amsterdam), called ''Lange Piet'' ("Tall Pete") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, whi ...
, 103 x 72 cm File:Joachim Wtewael - Portrait of Eva Wtewael (1607-1635) - Google Art Project.jpg, His daughter Eva Wtewael (1607-1635), 1628, shown needleworking, not typical for a portrait of a wealthy woman File:Joachem Wtewael - Cephalus and Procris (The Death of Procris).jpg, ''Cephalus and Procris'' (The Death of
Procris In Greek mythology, Procris (, ''gen''.: Πρόκριδος) was an Athenian princess, the third daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens and his wife, Praxithea. Homer mentions her in the ''Odyssey'' as one of the many dead spirits Odysseus sa ...
) File:Joachim Wtewael Bacchus.jpg, ''
Bacchus In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (; ) is the god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre. He was also known as Bacchus ( or ; ) by the Gre ...
'', about 1628, one of his last works
Smaller paintings File:Joachim Wtewael - The Adoration of the Shepherds - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Adoration of the Shepherds'', 1598, 8.67 x 10.7 cm (3.41 x 4.21 in) File:Joachem Wtewael - Venus en Mars verrast door Vulcanus.jpg, ''Mars and Venus Surprised by the Gods'', Mauritshuis version, 1601 File:Joachim Wtewael - Annunciation to the Shepherds - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Annunciation to the Shepherds'', 1606, on canvas, unusually for such a small work. 16.83 x 13.59 cm (6.63 x 5.35 in) File:Joachim Wtewael - The Judgment of Paris - WGA25906.jpg, ''Judgment of Paris'', c. 1605 File:WeddingPeleusThetisWtewael.jpg, ''The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis'', 1612 File:Moses Striking the Rock.jpg, ''Moses Striking the Rock'', 1624, 44.6 × 66.7 cm (17.6 × 26.3 in) File:1630 Wtewael Lot and His Daughters anagoria.JPG, '' Lot and His Daughters'', a late work File:Wtewael Sine Cerere.jpg, '' Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus'',
Bacchus In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus (; ) is the god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre. He was also known as Bacchus ( or ; ) by the Gre ...
, Ceres and
Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is often called Earth's "twin" or "sister" planet for having almost the same size and mass, and the closest orbit to Earth's. While both are rocky planets, Venus has an atmosphere much thicker ...
, oil on copper, 10.5 x 8.6 cm.lot notes
,
Sotheby's Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...
, New York. Sale "Important Old Master Paintings Including European Works of Art", 24 Jan 2008, Lot 3


See also

* '' City of Gotha and Federal Republic of Germany v. Sotheby's and Cobert Finance S.A.''


Notes


References

* Bull, Malcolm, ''The Mirror of the Gods, How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods'', Oxford UP, 2005, * Clifton, J.; Helmus, L. & Wheelock Jr. A. (2015) ''Pleasure and Piety: The Art of Joachim Wtewael'',
Princeton University Press Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large. The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, with the financial ...
* * "Grove": Lowenthal, Anne W. (1988), "Wtewael, Joachim (1566-1638)" in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art'', Chilvers, Ian and Osborne, Harold (editors), online ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. (), online edition. Retrieved 20 April 2015 * Liedtke, Walter (1992), entry in "Masterworks from the Musée Des Beaux-arts, Lille", 1992, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, , 9780870996498
google books
* * Lowenthal, Anne W. (1988), "Lot and His daughters as Moral Dilemma", in ''The Age of Rembrandt: Studies in Seventeenth-century Dutch Painting'', Volume 3 of ''Papers in Art History from the Pennsylvania State University'', eds. Roland E. Fleischer, Susan Scott Munshower, 1988, Penn State Press, , 9780915773022
google books
* Lowenthal, Anne W. (1995) ''Joachom Wtewal: Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan''. J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California.
google books, full view
* Neil MacLaren, ''The Dutch School, 1600–1800, Volume I'', 1991, National Gallery Catalogues'', National Gallery, London, * Slive, Seymour, ''Dutch Painting, 1600–1800'', Yale UP, 1995, * Woodall, Joanna, "Wtewael's ''Perseus and Andromeda'': looking for love in early seventeenth-century Dutch painting", in ''Manifestations of Venus: Art and Sexuality'', The Barber Institute's critical perspectives in art history series, 2000, Manchester University Press, eds. Katie Scott, Caroline Arscott, , 9780719055225
google books


Further reading

* Lindeman, Catharinus Marius Anne Alettus (1929) ''Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael''. Oosthoek, Utrecht. * Lowenthal, Anne W. (1986) ''Joachim Wtewael and Dutch Mannerism''. Davaco, Doornspijk, The Netherlands. * McGrath, Elizabeth. "A Netherlandish History by Joachim Wtewael." ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'', 38 (1975), 182–217


External links



RKD database, with most of Wtewael's paintings
Joachim Anthonisz Wtewael, "The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis," 1612
Video from the Clark Art Institute, 2.29 minutes
Video ''Liefde & Lust , De kunst van Joachim Wtewael (1566–1638)''
from the Centraal Museum Utrecht, on the exhibition, 3.38 minutes (in Dutch, but video useful)
10 paintings in the Uk
from BBC's "Your Paintings" site


Dutch and Flemish paintings from the Hermitage
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (PDF), with material on Wtewael (cat. no. 34)
Joachim Wtewael
at The National Gallery
Joachim Wtewael
at PubHist {{DEFAULTSORT:Wtewael, Joachim Anthonisz 1566 births 1638 deaths Dutch draughtsmen Dutch Mannerist painters Artists from Utrecht (city) Dutch Golden Age painters Dutch male painters Glass engravers Dutch stained glass artists and manufacturers Painters from Utrecht (city) Dutch businesspeople Municipal councillors of Utrecht (city) Dutch glass artists