Joachim Quartet
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Joseph Joachim (28 June 1831 – 15 August 1907) was a Hungarian
violinist The following lists of violinists are available: * List of classical violinists * List of contemporary classical violinists * List of jazz violinists * List of popular music violinists * List of Indian violinists * List of Persian violinists * Li ...
,
conductor Conductor or conduction may refer to: Biology and medicine * Bone conduction, the conduction of sound to the inner ear * Conduction aphasia, a language disorder Mathematics * Conductor (ring theory) * Conductor of an abelian variety * Cond ...
,
composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and def ...
and teacher who made an international career, based in
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
and
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
. A close collaborator of
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period (music), Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, oft ...
, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant violinists of the 19th century. Joachim studied violin early, beginning in
Buda Buda (, ) is the part of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary, that lies on the western bank of the Danube. Historically, “Buda” referred only to the royal walled city on Castle Hill (), which was constructed by Béla IV between 1247 and ...
at age five, then in Vienna and
Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...
. He made his debut in London in 1844, playing
Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...
's
Violin Concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
, with
Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic music, Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions inc ...
conducting. He returned to London many times throughout life. After years of teaching at the Leipzig Conservatory and playing as principal violinist of the
Gewandhausorchester The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester; also previously known in German as the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) is a German symphony orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany. The orchestra is named after the concert hall in which it is bas ...
, he moved to
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
in 1848, where
Franz Liszt Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic music, Romantic period. With a diverse List of compositions by Franz Liszt, body of work spanning more than six ...
established cultural life. From 1852, Joachim served at the court of Hanover, playing principal violin in the opera and conducting concerts, with months of free time in summer for concert tours. In 1853, he was invited by
Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...
to the Lower Rhine Music Festival, where he met
Clara Schumann Clara Josephine Schumann (; ; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic music, Romantic era, she exerted her influence o ...
and Brahms, with whom he performed for years to come. In 1879, he premiered Brahms'
Violin Concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
with Brahms as conductor. He married Amalie, an opera singer, in 1863, who gave up her career; the couple had six children. Joachim quit service in Hanover in 1865, and the family moved to Berlin, where he was entrusted with founding and directing a new department at the Royal Conservatory, for performing music. He formed a
string quartet The term string quartet refers to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two Violin, violini ...
, and kept performing chamber music on tours. His playing was recorded in 1903.


Life


Origins

Joachim was born in Köpcsény,
Moson County Moson (German language, German: Wieselburg, Slovak language, Slovak: Mošon) was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, situated mostly on the right (south) side of the Danube river. Its t ...
,
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
(present-day
Kittsee Kittsee (; , , ) is an Austrian municipality in the District of Neusiedl am See (district), Neusiedl am See, Burgenland. History In the Middle Ages, the settlement was situated in the Kingdom of Hungary, and was probably settled by Pecheneg ...
in
Burgenland Burgenland (; ; ; Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian: ''Burgnland''; Slovene language, Slovene: ''Gradiščanska''; ) is the easternmost and least populous Bundesland (Austria), state of Austria. It consists of two statutory city (Austria), statut ...
, Austria). He was the seventh of eight children born to Julius, a wool merchant, and Fanny Joachim, who were of
Hungarian-Jewish The history of the Jews in Hungary dates back to at least the Kingdom of Hungary, with some records even predating the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 CE by over 600 years. Written sources prove that Jewish communities lived i ...
origin.Campbell, He spent his childhood as a member of the Köpcsény
Kehilla Kehilla or kehillah () means "congregation" in Hebrew. The term may refer to: *Kehilla (modern), the elected local communal Jewish structure in Eastern Europe (Poland's Second Republic, the Baltic States, Ukrainian People's Republic) during the i ...
(Jewish community), one of Hungary's prominent
Siebengemeinden The Siebengemeinden (; , ) were seven Jewish community, Jewish communities located in Eisenstadt, Kismarton (today Eisenstadt, Austria) and its surrounding area. The groups are known as ''Sheva Kehillot'' in Hebrew language, Hebrew. History The ...
('Seven Communities') under the protectorate of the
Esterházy The House of Esterházy, also spelled Eszterházy (), is a Hungarian nobility, Hungarian noble family with origins in the Middle Ages. From the 17th century, the Esterházys were the greatest landowner magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, durin ...
family. He was a first cousin of Fanny Wittgenstein, née Figdor, the mother of
Karl Wittgenstein Karl Otto Clemens Wittgenstein (8 April 1847 – 20 January 1913) was a German-born Austrian steel tycoon. A friend of Andrew Carnegie, with whom he was often compared, at the end of the 19th century he controlled an effective monopoly on steel an ...
and the grandmother of the philosopher
Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( ; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. From 1929 to 1947, Witt ...
and the pianist
Paul Wittgenstein Paul Wittgenstein (November 5, 1887March 3, 1961) was an Austrian-American concert pianist notable for commissioning new piano concerti for the left hand alone, after his right arm was amputated during World War I. He devised novel techniques, in ...
. His niece
Maud Joachim Maud Joachim (1 August 1869 – 16 February 1947) was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), one of the groups of suffragettes that fought for women to get the right to vote in the United Kingdom. She was jailed several time ...
(through his brother Henry) was one of the first British suffragettes to go on hunger strike in prison in protest at not being treated as a political prisoner.


Early career

In 1833 his family moved to Pest, which in 1873 was united with Buda and Óbuda to form
Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
. There from 1836 (age 5) he studied violin with the Polish violinist , the
concertmaster The concertmaster (from the German language, German ''Konzertmeister''), first chair (U.S.) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra (clarinet or oboe in a concert band). After the Conducting, conductor, the concertma ...
of the opera in Pest, said to be the best violinist in Pest. Although Joachim's parents were "not particularly well off", they had been well advised to choose not just an "ordinary" violin teacher. Joachim's first public performance was 17 March 1839 when he was of age 7. (Serwaczyński later moved back to Lublin, Poland, where he taught Wieniawski.) In 1839, Joachim continued his studies at the Vienna Conservatory (briefly with
Miska Hauser Miska Hauser (1822 – 8 December 1878) was an Austrian violinist. He undertook extensive concert tours, playing in Europe, North and South America, and Australia. He was also a composer. Life Hauser was born in Pressburg (now Bratislava), and his ...
and Georg Hellmesberger, Sr.; finally – and most significantly – with
Joseph Böhm Joseph Böhm (; 4 April 1795 – 28 March 1876) was a Hungarian violinist and a director of the Vienna Conservatory. Life He was born in Pest, to a Jewish family. He was taught by his father and by Pierre Rode. His brother Franz Böhm (1788 ...
, who introduced him to the world of chamber music). In 1843 he was taken by his cousin, Fanny Figdor, who later married "a Leipzig merchant" named Wittgenstein, to live and study in
Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...
. In the journal ''Neue Zeitschrift für Musik''
Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...
was highly enthusiastic about
Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic music, Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions inc ...
, on which Moser writes "Only in Haydn's admiration for Mozart does the history of music know a parallel case of such ungrudging veneration of one great artist for his equal." in 1835, Mendelssohn had become director of the
Leipzig Gewandhaus Gewandhaus () is a concert hall in Leipzig, the home of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. Today's hall is the third to bear this name; like the second, it is noted for its fine acoustics. History The first Gewandhaus (''Altes Gewandhaus'') Th ...
orchestra. In 1843 Joachim became a protégé of Mendelssohn, who arranged for him to study theory and composition with
Moritz Hauptmann Moritz Hauptmann (13 October 1792, Dresden – 3 January 1868, Leipzig), was a German music theorist, teacher and composer. His principal theoretical work is the 1853 ''Die Natur der Harmonie und der Metrik'' explores numerous topics, particu ...
and violin with
Ferdinand David Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, ventu ...
.Avins, 2002 In his début performance in the Gewandhaus Joachim played the ''Otello Fantasy'' by
Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (8 June 1812 – 8 October 1865) was a Moravian-Jewish violinist, violist and composer. He was seen as the outstanding violinist of his time and one of Niccolò Paganini's greatest successors. He contributed to polyphonic ...
.


London Philharmonic debut, Beethoven Violin Concerto

On 27 May 1844 Joachim, not quite 13, in his London debut with
Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonie ...
conducting at a concert of the
Philharmonic Society The Royal Philharmonic Society (RPS) is a British music society, formed in 1813. Its original purpose was to promote performances of instrumental music in London. Many composers and performers have taken part in its concerts. It is now a membe ...
, played the solo part in Beethoven's
Violin Concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
. This was a triumph in several respects, as described by R. W. Eshbach. The Philharmonic had a policy against performers so young, but an exception was made after auditions persuaded gatherings of distinguished musicians and music lovers that Joachim had mature capabilities. Despite Beethoven's recognition as one of the greatest composers, and the ranking nowadays of his violin concerto as among the greatest few, it was far from being so ranked before Joachim's performance.
Ludwig Spohr Louis Spohr (, 5 April 178422 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, ...
had harshly criticized it, and after the London premiere by violinist Edward Eliason, a critic had said it "might have been written by any third or fourth rate composer." But Joachim was very well prepared to play Beethoven's concerto, having written his own cadenzas for it and memorized the piece. The audience anticipated great things, having got word from the rehearsal, and so, Mendelssohn wrote, "frenetic applause began" as soon as Joachim stepped in front of the orchestra. The beginning was applauded still more, and "cheers of the audience accompanied every ... part of the concerto." Reviewers also had high praise. One for 'The Musical World' wrote "The greatest violinists hold this concerto in awe ... Young Joachim ... attacked it with the vigour and determination of the most accomplished artist ... no master could have read it better," and the two cadenzas, written by Joachim, were "tremendous feats ... ingeniously composed". Another reviewer, for the 'Illustrated London News', wrote that Joachim "is perhaps the first violin player, not only of his age, but of his siècle" entury "He performed Beethoven's solitary concerto, which we have heard all the great performers of the last twenty years attempt, and invariably fail in ... its performance was an eloquent vindication of the master-spirit who imagined it." A third reviewer, for the 'Morning Post', wrote that the concerto "has been generally regarded by violin-players as not a proper and effective development of the powers of their instrument" but that Joachim's performance "is beyond all praise, and defies all description" and "was altogether unprecedented." Joachim remained a favorite with the English public for the rest of his career. He visited England in each year 1858, 1859, 1862 largely at the behest of his friend
William Sterndale Bennett Sir William Sterndale Bennett (13 April 18161 February 1875) was an English composer, pianist, conductor and music educator. At the age of ten Bennett was admitted to the London Royal Academy of Music (RAM), where he remained for ten years. B ...
, and for several decades thereafter.


Beethoven string quartets

Moser (p. 28 ff.) writes "After the appearance of the six String Quartets (Op. 18) Beethoven had complete command of the field of chamber-music", although in the later quartets he "makes many exacting demands" of string players. Moser (p. 29) further writes that "at the time of Beethoven's death", such people as Spohr and
Hauptmann () is an officer rank in the armies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It is usually translated as ''captain''. Background While in contemporary German means 'main', it also has, and originally had, the meaning of 'head', i.e. ' literall ...
did not necessarily esteem the late quartets above the earliest ones. Moser, p. 30 writes that in Vienna "the public showed a marked hostility toward" the late quartets. But Joachim's teacher Böhm had an appreciation of the late quartets, which he communicated to Joachim. At the age of 18, "in the whole of Germany" Joachim had no equal, either in the rendering of Bach or in the concertos of Beethoven and Mendelssohn; while as quartet player, "he had no cause to fear rivalry."


Maturity

Following Mendelssohn's death in 1847, Joachim stayed briefly in Leipzig, teaching at the Conservatorium and playing on the first desk of the
Gewandhaus Orchestra The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester; also previously known in German as the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) is a German symphony orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany. The orchestra is named after the concert hall in which it is bas ...
with
Ferdinand David Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, ventu ...
, whom Mendelssohn had appointed
concertmaster The concertmaster (from the German language, German ''Konzertmeister''), first chair (U.S.) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra (clarinet or oboe in a concert band). After the Conducting, conductor, the concertma ...
on taking up the conductorship in 1835.


Weimar, Liszt; then Hanover

In 1848, the pianist and composer
Franz Liszt Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic music, Romantic period. With a diverse List of compositions by Franz Liszt, body of work spanning more than six ...
took up residence in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
, where
Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...
and
Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian. Schiller is considered by most Germans to be Germany's most important classical playwright. He was born i ...
had lived. Liszt was determined to re-establish the town's reputation as the
Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...
of Germany. There, he gathered a circle of young avant-garde disciples, vocally opposed to the conservatism of the Leipzig circle. Joachim was amongst the first of these. He served Liszt as concertmaster, and for several years enthusiastically embraced the new "psychological music," as he called it. In 1852 he moved to
Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...
, at the same time dissociating himself from the musical ideals of the 'New German School' (Liszt,
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...
,
Hector Berlioz Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic music, Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the ''Symphonie fantastique'' and ''Harold en Italie, Harold in Italy'' ...
, and their followers, as defined by journalist Franz Brendel). "The worship of Wagner's music permeating musical taste in Weimar was to Joachim inordinate and unacceptable." Joachim's break with Liszt became final in August 1857, when he wrote to his former mentor: "I am completely out of sympathy with your music; it contradicts everything which from early youth I have taken as mental nourishment from the spirit of our great masters." Hanover "was then an independent kingdom, later to be absorbed in the German empire." King Georg of Hanover was totally blind and very fond of music; he paid Joachim a good salary and gave him considerable freedom. Joachim's duties in Hanover included playing the main violin part in opera performances and that or conducting state concerts. He had five summer months off, in which he made concert tours around Europe. In March 1853 he sent to Liszt a copy of the Overture to Hamlet he had recently composed.


The Schumanns, Brahms; Berlin

Also in 1853, a committee headed by Schumann invited Joachim to the Lower Rhine Music Festival.Moser, p. 121 At the Festival, Joachim again soloed in the Beethoven violin concerto. His success made him, it is said, "the most renowned artist of Germany".
Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...
and his wife
Clara Clara may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Clara'' (2018 film), a Canadian sci-fi drama * ''Clara'' (2019 film), a Ukrainian animated fantasy film * ''Clara'' (TV series), a German TV series * Clara the Cow, mascot of the Greek TV show '' P ...
were deeply impressed, and formed a "close connection" with Joachim. Joachim met the then publicly unknown 20-year-old
Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, often set within studied ye ...
, and wrote of him that his playing "shows the intense fire...which predicts the artist" and "his compositions already betoken such power as I have seen in no other musician of his age". Joachim strongly recommended Brahms to Robert. Brahms was received by the Schumanns with great enthusiasm. After Robert's mental breakdown in 1854 and death in 1856, Joachim, Clara, and Brahms remained lifelong friends and shared musical views. Joachim's performing style with the violin, like Clara's at the piano, is said to have been "restrained, pure, antivirtuosic, expressing the music rather than the performer." In December 1854, Joachim visited Robert at the Endenich asylum where he had been since February, Joachim being his first visitor. Early on, Brahms already played and composed for the piano, which "he had mastered in a supreme fashion", but he felt deficient in orchestration. In 1854 he began composing what was to become his first piano concerto, his first orchestral piece. He sent a score of the first movement to Joachim, requesting his advice. After getting Joachim's response, Brahms wrote to him "A thousand thanks for having studied the first movement in such a sympathetic and careful manner. I have learned a great deal from your remarks. As a musician I really have no greater wish than to have more talent so that I can learn still more from such a friend." Later in the composition of the concerto, which took four years, Brahms wrote to Joachim "I am sending you the rondo once more. And just like the last time, I beg for some really severe criticism." The final manuscript of the concerto "shows many alterations in the handwriting of Joachim". Joachim's time in Hanover was his most prolific period of composition. Then and during the rest of his career, he frequently performed with Clara Schumann. For example, in October–November 1857 they took a recital tour together to Dresden, Leipzig, and Munich.
St. James's Hall St. James's Hall was a concert hall in London that opened on 25 March 1858, designed by architect and artist Owen Jones, who had decorated the interior of the Crystal Palace. It was situated between the Quadrant in Regent Street and Piccadilly, ...
, London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "
Popular Concerts St. James's Hall was a concert hall in London that opened on 25 March 1858, designed by architect and artist Owen Jones, who had decorated the interior of the Crystal Palace. It was situated between the Quadrant in Regent Street and Piccadilly, ...
" of chamber music, of which programmes from 1867 through 1904 are preserved. Joachim appears a great many times. He visited London each year from 1866 on. In March 1898 and in 1901–1904 Joachim appeared in his own quartet of players, but otherwise far more often he appeared with resident Popular Concerts artists Louis Ries, second violin, J. B. Zerbini, first viola, and
Alfredo Piatti Carlo Alfredo Piatti (8 January 182218 July 1901) was an Italian cellist, teacher and composer. Biography Piatti was born at via Borgo Canale in Bergamo Bergamo ( , ; ) is a city in the Alps, alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, appro ...
, first cello, reputed to be "one of the most celebrated cellists" of the time.
George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 188 ...
wrote that the Popular Concerts had helped greatly to spread and enlighten musical taste in England. Joachim had been a mainstay of the chamber music Popular Concerts. At 18 of the Popular Concerts at least, Clara Schumann performed along with Joachim, Zerbini and Piatti, presumably playing piano quartets (without second violin), or sometimes piano trios (for piano, violin, and cello). (The programs of those concerts very likely also included string quartets in which she of course did not play, as Ries is also listed.) A favorite piece of Clara's was Brahms's Piano Quartet in A major. She wrote to Brahms 27 February 1882 from London that the piece had received "much applause". About a performance of it in Liverpool 11 February she had written in her diary that it was "warmly received, much to my surprise as the public here is far less receptive than that in London." In January 1867 there had been a tour to
Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...
and
Glasgow Glasgow is the Cities of Scotland, most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in Strathclyde, west central Scotland. It is the List of cities in the United Kingdom, third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom ...
,
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
, by Joachim, Clara, her oldest daughter Marie, Ries, Zerbini, Piatti, two English sisters "Miss Pyne," one a singer, and a Mr. Saunders who managed all the arrangements. Marie Schumann wrote home from Manchester that in Edinburgh Clara "was received with tempestuous applause and had to give an encore, so had Joachim. Piatti, too, is always tremendously liked." Joachim had extensive correspondence with both Clara and Brahms, as Brahms greatly valued Joachim's opinion of his new compositions. In 1860 Brahms and Joachim jointly wrote a manifesto against the "progressive" music of the 'New German' School, in reaction to the polemics of Brendel's ''
Neue Zeitschrift für Musik The New Journal of Music (, and abbreviated to NZM) is a music magazine, co-founded in Leipzig by Robert Schumann, his teacher and future father-in law Friedrich Wieck, Julius Knorr and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke. Its first issue appe ...
''. This manifesto, a volley in the
War of the Romantics The "War of the Romantics" is a term used by some music historians to describe the schism among prominent musicians in the second half of the 19th century. Musical structure, the limits of chromatic harmony, and program music versus absolute mu ...
, had originally few (four) signers (more later) and met with a mixed reception, being heavily derided by followers of Wagner. On 10 May 1863 Joachim married the contralto Amalie Schneeweiss (stage name: Amalie Weiss) (1839–99). Amalie gave up her own promising career as an opera singer and gave birth to six children. She continued to perform in
oratorio An oratorio () is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble. Similar to opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an instrumental ensemble, various distinguisha ...
s and to give
lied In the Western classical music tradition, ( , ; , ; ) is a term for setting poetry to classical music. The term is used for any kind of song in contemporary German and Dutch, but among English and French speakers, is often used interchangea ...
er recitals. In 1865 Joachim quit the service of the King of Hanover in protest, when the Intendant (artistic director) of the Opera refused to advance one of the orchestral players (
Jakob Grün Jakob Moritz Grün (; 13 March 1837 – 1 October 1916) was an Austrian violinist of Hungarian origin. After positions as principal violinist in the court orchestras of Weimar and Hannover, he was, from 1868 to 1897, concertmaster of the Vienna ...
) because of the latter's Jewish birth. In 1866, as a result of the
Austro-Prussian war The Austro-Prussian War (German: ''Preußisch-Österreichischer Krieg''), also known by many other names,Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Second War of Unification, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), ''Deutsc ...
, in which
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
and its capital
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
became the dominant German state and city, Joachim moved to Berlin, where he was invited to help found, and to become the first director of, a new department of the Royal Academy of Music, concerned with musical performance and called the Hochschule für ausübende Tonkunst. On Good Friday, 10 April 1868, Joachim and his wife joined their friend, Johannes Brahms, in the celebration of one of Brahms' greatest triumphs, the first complete performance of his '' German Requiem'' at the
Bremen Cathedral Bremen Cathedral (), named after St. Peter, is a church situated in the market square in the center of Bremen. The cathedral belongs to the Bremian Evangelical Church, a member of the umbrella organization Evangelical Church in Germany. It ...
. Amalie Joachim sang "I Know that My Redeemer Liveth" and Joseph Joachim played Robert Schumann's ''Abendlied''. It was a glorious occasion, after which about 100 of the composer's friends, the Joachims, Clara Schumann,
Albert Dietrich Albert Hermann Dietrich (28 August 182920 November 1908), was a German composer and conductor. In addition to his work, he is remembered for his friendship with Johannes Brahms. Dietrich was born at Golk, near Meissen. From 1851 he studied comp ...
and his wife,
Max Bruch Max Bruch (6 January 1838 – 2 October 1920) was a German Romantic Music, Romantic composer, violinist, teacher, and conductor who wrote more than 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin ...
, and others gathered at the Bremen Rathskeller. In 1869, the Joachim
String Quartet The term string quartet refers to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two Violin, violini ...
was formed, which quickly gained a reputation as Europe's finest. It continued to perform until Joachim's death in 1907. The first personnel of the quartet were: Ernst Schiever (1869–1871) a pupil of Joachim,
Heinrich de Ahna Heinrich de Ahna (22 June 1832 – 1 November 1892) was an Austrian violinist. Life and career Ahna, who was born in Vienna probably in 1832 (other sources give his year of birth as 1834 or 1835), received violin lessons from the age of seve ...
(1871–1892), and Wilhelm Muller (1869–1879). Schiever resigned after their second season with de Ahna taking the second violin part and Eduard Rappoldi (1871–1877) on viola. Later members of the Quartet were Johann Kruse (1892–1897) followed by
Karel Halíř Karel Halíř (1 February 1859 – 21 December 1909) was a Czech violinist who lived mainly in Germany. "Karel" is also given as Karol, Karl or Carl; "Halíř" is also given as Halir or Haliř. Life Karel Halíř was born in Hohenelbe, Bohem ...
(2nd violin) from 1897 on;
Emanuel Wirth Emanuel Wirth (18 October 18425 January 1923) was a German violinist and violist. Wirth was born in Žlutice in western Bohemia and studied violin at the Prague Conservatory. He then became the concertmaster of the opera in Rotterdam, where he ...
(viola) from 1877 on (occasionally replaced by
Karl Klingler Karl Klingler (7 December 1879 – 18 March 1971) was a German violinist, concertmaster, composer, music teacher and lecturer. Life Early years Karl Klingler was born in Strasbourg, at that time in Germany, the fifth of his parents' six re ...
); and
Robert Hausmann Robert Hausmann (13 August 185218 January 1909) was a notable 19th-century German cellist who premiered important works by Johannes Brahms (including the Double Concerto) and Max Bruch (including ''Kol Nidrei''). He was the cellist for the Joac ...
(cello), from 1879 on. In 1878 while writing his
violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
, Brahms consulted Joachim, who "freely gave him encouragement and technical advice". Brahms asked Joachim to write the
cadenza In music, a cadenza, (from , meaning cadence; plural, ''cadenze'' ) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display ...
for the concerto, as he did. In 1884, Joachim and his wife separated after he became convinced that she was having an affair with the publisher
Fritz Simrock Friedrich August Simrock, better known as Fritz Simrock (January 2, 1837 in Bonn – August 20, 1901 in Ouchy) was a German music publisher who inherited a publishing firm from his grandfather Nikolaus Simrock. Simrock is most noted for publishi ...
. Brahms, certain that Joachim's suspicions were groundless, wrote a sympathetic letter to Amalie, which she later produced as evidence in Joachim's divorce proceeding against her. This led to a cooling of Brahms' and Joachim's friendship, which was not restored until some years later, when Brahms composed the Double Concerto in A minor for violin and cello, Op. 102, 1887, as a peace offering to his old friend. It was co-dedicated to the first performers, Joachim and Robert Hausmann. In late 1895 both Brahms and Joachim were present at the opening of the new Tonhalle at Zürich, Switzerland; Brahms conducted and Joachim was assistant conductor. But in April, two years later, Joachim was to lose forever this revered friend, as Johannes Brahms died at the age of 64 at Vienna. At Meiningen, in December 1899, it was Joachim who made the speech when a statue to Brahms was unveiled.


Honors and Jubilees

In March 1877, Joachim received an honorary Doctorate of Music from Cambridge University. For the occasion he presented his Overture in honor of Kleist, Op. 13. Near the 50th anniversary of Joachim's debut recital, he was honored by "friends and admirers in England" on 16 April 1889 who presented him with "an exceptionally fine" violin made in 1715 by Antonio Stradivari, called "Il Cremonese". About ten years later, for the sixtieth jubilee, a concert in honor of Joachim was given by his former students of violin and viola playing and cellists who had studied quartet playing with him, on 22 April 1899.Moser 1901, p. 324 The total of some 140 string players was impressive, as were their instruments (made by Stradivari, Guarneri, Bergonzi, Amati, etc.). An honor such as that concert "had been accorded to no other musician during his lifetime". During 1899, Joachim was invited to become president of the newly established Oxford & Cambridge Musical Club in London. He remained club president until his death. In Berlin, on 17 August 1903, Joachim recorded five sides for The Gramophone & Typewriter Ltd (G&T), which remain a fascinating and valuable source of information about 19th-century styles of violin playing. He is the earliest violinist of distinction known to have recorded, only to be followed soon thereafter when
Sarasate Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués (; 10 March 1844 – 20 September 1908), commonly known as Pablo de Sarasate, was a Spanish violinist, composer and conductor of the Romantic period. His best known works include ''Zigeunerweisen' ...
made some recordings the following year. Joachim's portrait was twice painted by
Philip de László Philip Alexius László de Lombos (born Fülöp Laub; ; 30 April 1869 – 22 November 1937), known professionally as Philip de László, was an Anglo-Hungarian painter known particularly for his portraits of royal and aristocratic personages. ...
. A portrait of Joachim was painted by
John Singer Sargent John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 15, 1925) was an American expatriate artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian era, Edwardian-era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil ...
and presented to him at the 1904 "Diamond Jubilee" celebration of his sixtieth anniversary of his first appearance in London. Joachim remained in Berlin until his death in 1907. At his 75th birthday observance in June 1906, Joachim said
The Germans have four violin concertos. The greatest, most uncompromising is Beethoven's. The one by Brahms vies with it in seriousness. The richest, the most seductive, was written by Max Bruch. But the most inward, the heart's jewel, is Mendelssohn's.Steinberg, p. 265
Bruch wrote three violin concertos. Joachim was presumably referring to his Concerto No. 1, which is the most well-known and frequently performed. Joachim had assisted Bruch in revising that concerto.


Repertoire

Among the most notable of Joachim's achievements were his revival of Beethoven's
violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...
already mentioned, the revival of
Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety of instruments and forms, including the or ...
's
Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin The Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin (BWV 1001–1006) are a set of six works composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. They are sometimes referred to in English as the Sonatas and for Solo Violin in accordance with Bach's headings in the autograph ...
, BWV 1001–1006, especially the Chaconne from the Partita No. 2, BWV 1004, and of Beethoven's late string quartets. Joachim was the second violinist, after
Ferdinand David Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, ventu ...
, to play
Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonie ...
's Violin Concerto in E minor, which he studied with the composer. Joachim played a pivotal role in the career of
Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, often set within studied ye ...
, and remained a tireless advocate of Brahms's compositions through all the vicissitudes of their friendship. He conducted the English premiere of Brahms's Symphony No. 1 in C minor at Cambridge on 8 March 1877, on the same day that he received a D. Mus. degree there (Brahms had declined an invitation to go to England himself). A number of Joachim's composer colleagues, including
Schumann Robert Schumann (; ; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and music critic of the early Romantic music, Romantic era. He composed in all the main musical genres of the time, writing for solo piano, voice and piano, chamber ...
, Brahms, Bruch, and Dvořák, composed concerti with Joachim in mind, many of which entered the standard repertory. Nevertheless, Joachim's solo repertoire remained relatively restricted. He never performed Schumann's Violin Concerto in D minor, which Schumann wrote especially for him, or Dvořák's Violin Concerto in A minor, although Dvořák had earnestly solicited his advice about the piece, dedicated it to him, and would have liked him to premiere it. The most unusual work written for Joachim was the ''
F-A-E Sonata The ''F-A-E Sonata'', a four-movement work for violin and piano, is a collaborative musical work by three composers: Robert Schumann, the young Johannes Brahms, and Schumann's pupil Albert Dietrich. It was composed in Düsseldorf in October 1853 ...
'', a collaboration between Schumann, Brahms, and
Albert Dietrich Albert Hermann Dietrich (28 August 182920 November 1908), was a German composer and conductor. In addition to his work, he is remembered for his friendship with Johannes Brahms. Dietrich was born at Golk, near Meissen. From 1851 he studied comp ...
, based upon the initials of Joachim's motto, '' Frei aber Einsam'' (which can be translated as "free but lonely", "free but alone", or "free but solitary"). Although the sonata is rarely performed in its entirety, the third movement, the ''Scherzo in C minor'', composed by Brahms, is still frequently played today.


Compositions

Joachim's own compositions are less well known. He gave opus numbers to 14 compositions and composed about an equal number of pieces without opus numbers. Among his compositions are various works for the violin (including three concerti) and
overture Overture (from French ''ouverture'', "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which ...
s to
Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...
's ''
Hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...
'' and '' Henry IV''. He also wrote
cadenza In music, a cadenza, (from , meaning cadence; plural, ''cadenze'' ) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display ...
s for a number of other composers' concerti (including the Beethoven and Brahms concerti). His most highly regarded composition is his '' Hungarian concerto'' (Violin Concerto No 2 in D minor, Op. 11).


List of compositions

Fuller-Maitland, p. 56, lists the 14 pieces with opus numbers, not necessarily with the same details as below. On p. 57 he lists 6 of the 14 pieces given here as WoO, plus the orchestration of the Schubert Grand Duo and the Beethoven and Brahms concerto cadenzas.


Original compositions

* Op. 1, ''Andantino and Allegro scherzoso'', for violin and piano (1848): dedicated to
Joseph Böhm Joseph Böhm (; 4 April 1795 – 28 March 1876) was a Hungarian violinist and a director of the Vienna Conservatory. Life He was born in Pest, to a Jewish family. He was taught by his father and by Pierre Rode. His brother Franz Böhm (1788 ...
* Op. 2, Drei Stücke (3 Pieces) for violin or viola and piano, (circa 1848–1852): Romanze, Fantasiestück, Eine Frühlingsfantasie; dedicated to
Moritz Hauptmann Moritz Hauptmann (13 October 1792, Dresden – 3 January 1868, Leipzig), was a German music theorist, teacher and composer. His principal theoretical work is the 1853 ''Die Natur der Harmonie und der Metrik'' explores numerous topics, particu ...
* Op. 3, Violin Concerto in One Movement, in G minor (1851); dedicated to
Franz Liszt Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic music, Romantic period. With a diverse List of compositions by Franz Liszt, body of work spanning more than six ...
* Op. 4, ''Hamlet'' Overture (1853); dedicated to Kapelle of Weimar * Op. 5, Three Pieces for Violin and Piano: Lindenrauschen, Abendglocken, Ballade; dedicated to
Gisela von Arnim Gisela von Arnim (also Giesela; August 30, 1827 in Berlin – April 4, 1889 in Florence) was a German writer, mainly of fairy tales. Biography Gisela was the youngest child of Achim and Bettina von Arnim. Her father died when she was four years ...
* Op. 6, ''Demetrius'' Overture (1853, to a play by Herman Friedrich Grimm; overture dedicated to Franz Liszt) * Op. 7, ''Henry IV'' Overture (1854) * Op. 8, ''Overture to a Comedy by Gozzi'' (1854); dedicated to Fritz Steinbach. * Op. 9, Hebräische Melodien, nach Eindrücken der Byron'schen Gesänge (Hebrew Melodies, after Impressions of Byron's
Songs A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usuall ...
) for viola and piano (1854–1855) * Op. 10, Variationen über ein eigenes Thema (Variations on an Original Theme) in E major for viola and piano (1854); dedicated to Hermann Grimm. * Op. 11, Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor "in the Hungarian Manner" (1857, published in 1861); dedicated to Johannes Brahms. It is said that the solo violin part of the Hungarian Concerto is very difficult to play. * Op. 12, ''Notturno'' for Violin and Small Orchestra in A major (1858) *
WoO Woo, or variants, may refer to: People * Wu (surname), and several variants and other transliterations ** Wu (surname 伍) ** Wu (surname 武) ** Ng (name): 吳, 伍 * Hu (surname), also pronounced Woo * Woo (Korean surname) * Woo (Korean give ...
, Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major (1875) * Op. 13, Elegiac Overture "In Memoriam Heinrich von Kleist" (ca. 1877) * Op. 14, ''Szene der Marfa'' from
Friedrich Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian. Schiller is considered by most Germans to be Germany's most important classical playwright. He was born i ...
's unfinished drama ''Demetrius'' (ca. 1869) * WoO ''Haidenröslein'' Lied for high voice and piano; pub. Verlag des Ungar, 1846. * WoO, ''Ich hab' im Traum geweinet'' for voice and piano, pub. Wigand, 1854. * WoO, ''Scene from Schiller's Demetrius'' (1878) * WoO, ''Rain, rain and sun'', Merlin's Song (Tennyson), pub. C. Kegan & Co., 1880. * WoO, ''Melodrama zu einer Schillergedenkfeier'' (unpublished, autograph in Hamburg Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek) * WoO, Overture in C major (Konzertouvertüre zum Geburtstag des Kaisers) (1896)Fuller-Maitland, 1905, p. 57 * WoO, Two Marches for orchestra, in C and D * WoO, Andantino in A minor, for violin and orchestra (also for violin and piano)Fuller-Maitland, 1905, p. 60 * WoO, Romance in B-flat major, for violin and piano * WoO, Romance in C major, for violin and piano; pub. C. F. Kahnt Nachfolge, Leipzig, 1894. * WoO, String Quartet Movement in C minor * WoO, ''Variationen über ein irisches Elfenlied'' for piano (first publ. by J. Schuberth & Co. Hamburg, 1989. Edited by Michael Struck.) * WoO, Variations for Violin and Orchestra in E minor (ca. 1879); dedicated to Pablo Sarasate * WoO, Fantasie über ungarische Motive (ca. 1850); premiered in Weimar under Franz Liszt in October 1850 * WoO, Fantasie über irische chottischeMotive (ca. 1852); premiered in London in May 1852


An orchestration

* In 1855 Joachim orchestrated the Schubert ''Grand Duo'' piano duet into a "Symphony in C."


Cadenzas

* Beethoven, Concerto in D major, Op. 61 * Brahms, Concerto in D major, Op. 77 * Hiller, Concerto in A major, Op.152a * Kreutzer, Concerto No. 19 in D minor * Mozart, Aria from ''Il re pastore'', K. 208, Concerto No. 3 in G major, K. 216, Concerto No. 4 in D major, K. 218, and Concerto No. 5 in A major, K. 219 * Rode, Concerto No. 10 in B minor, and Concerto No. 11 in D major * Spohr, Concerto in A minor, Op. 47 (''Gesangsszene'') * Tartini, Sonata in G minor (''Devil's Trill'') * Viotti, Concerto No. 22 in A minor


Recordings of Joachim's compositions

* Violin Concerto No. 1 in g minor, Op. 3 ** Suyoen Kim (Violin),
Michael Halász Michael Halász (born 21 May 1938 in Cluj) is a German-Hungarian classical conductor. Halász began his musical career as principal bassoonist with the Philharmonia Hungarica in Vienna. After eight years in that position, he studied conducting ...
(Conductor), Weimar Staatskapelle, Naxos: 8.570991 * Violin Concerto No. 2 in d minor, Op. 11 "In the Hungarian Style": **
Rachel Barton Pine Rachel Barton Pine (born Rachel Elizabeth Barton, October 11, 1974) is an American violinist. She debuted with the Chicago Symphony at age 10, and was the first American and youngest ever gold medal winner of the International Johann Sebastian ...
(Violin),
Carlos Kalmar Carlos Kalmar (born February 26, 1958, in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan conductor.Macaluso, p. 194 Biography Born to Jewish immigrant parents from Austria, Kalmar began violin studies at age six. At age fifteen, he enrolled at the Vienna Academy o ...
(Conductor),
Chicago Symphony Orchestra The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by Theodore Thomas in 1891, the ensemble has been based in the Symphony Center since 1904 and plays a summer season at the Ravinia F ...
,
Cedille Records Cedille Records () is the independent record label of the Chicago Classical Recording Foundation. History In 1989, James Ginsburg, the son of U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, founded Cedille Records as a for-profit clas ...
: CDR 90000 068
liner notes
**
Elmar Oliveira Elmar Oliveira (born June 28, 1950) is an American violinist. Early life The son of Portuguese immigrants, Elmar Oliveira was born in Naugatuck, Connecticut. Oliveira was nine when he began studying the violin with his brother John. At age 16 h ...
(Violin),
Leon Botstein Leon Botstein (born December 14, 1946, in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss-born American conductor, educator, historical musicologist, and scholar serving as the President of Bard College. Biography Botstein was born in Zürich, Switzerland, ...
(Conductor),
London Philharmonic Orchestra The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is a British orchestra based in London. One of five permanent symphony orchestras in London, the LPO was founded by the conductors Thomas Beecham, Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a riv ...
, IMP Masters #: MCD27 **
Aaron Rosand Aaron Rosand (born Aaron Rosen; March 15, 1927 – July 9, 2019) was an American classical violinist and violin pedagogue. Life and career Born in Hammond, Indiana, he studied with Leon Sametini at the Chicago Musical College and with Efrem ...
(Violin),
Louis de Froment Louis de Froment (; 5 December 192119 August 1994) was a French conductor. Froment was born into a French noble family in Toulouse, and started his musical studies at the city conservatory. He later attended the ''Conservatoire national supérieur ...
(Conductor), Luxembourg Radio/Television Symphony Orchestra, Vox #: CDX 5102 **
Aaron Rosand Aaron Rosand (born Aaron Rosen; March 15, 1927 – July 9, 2019) was an American classical violinist and violin pedagogue. Life and career Born in Hammond, Indiana, he studied with Leon Sametini at the Chicago Musical College and with Efrem ...
(Violin), Leo Driehuys (Conductor), Gelderland Symphony Orchestra (live, 22 May 1974), Rhine Classics #: RH-029 * Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major **
Takako Nishizaki Takako Nishizaki BBS (born 14 April 1944) is a Japanese violinist. She was the first student to complete the Suzuki Method course, at age nine. Biography Nishizaki went to the United States from Japan in 1962. She first studied with Broadus E ...
(Violin), Meir Minsky (Conductor),
Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra (German: ''Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR'') was a German radio orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. History The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orches ...
, Marco Polo #: 8.223373, Naxos #: 8.554733 * ''Hamlet'' Overture, Op. 4 **Leon Botstein (Conductor),
London Philharmonic Orchestra The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is a British orchestra based in London. One of five permanent symphony orchestras in London, the LPO was founded by the conductors Thomas Beecham, Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a riv ...
, IMP Masters #: MCD27 **Mariss Jansons (Conductor),
Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra The Oslo Philharmonic () is a Norwegian symphony orchestra based in Oslo, Norway. The orchestra traces its roots to the Philharmonic Society founded in 1847 and the Christiania Musical Association co-founded by Edvard Grieg in 1871, and was esta ...
, Simax #: PSC 1206 **Meir Minsky (Conductor),
Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra (German: ''Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR'') was a German radio orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. History The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orches ...
, Naxos #: 8.554733 * ''Henry IV'' Overture, Op. 7 **Leon Botstein (Conductor),
London Philharmonic Orchestra The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is a British orchestra based in London. One of five permanent symphony orchestras in London, the LPO was founded by the conductors Thomas Beecham, Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a riv ...
, IMP Masters #: MCD27 * ''Elegische Ouvertüre'', Op. 13 **Meir Minsky (Conductor),
Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra The Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra (German: ''Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR'') was a German radio orchestra based in Stuttgart in Germany. History The ensemble was founded in 1945 by American occupation authorities as the orches ...
, Naxos #: 8.554733 * ''Andantino and Allegro scherzoso'', Op. 1: Andantino **
Marat Bisengaliev Marat Bisengaliev (, born 1962 in Kazakhstan) is a Kazakh violinist and conductor of both the West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra and TuranAlem Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra. He is the founding Music Director of the Symphony Orchestra of ...
(Violin), John Lenehan (Piano), Naxos #: 8.553026 * ''Drei Stücke für Violine und Pianoforte'', Op. 2 ** Florin Paul (Violin), Birgitta Wollenweber (Piano), Tacet #: 56 * ''Drei Stücke für Violine und Pianoforte'', Op. 5 ** Florin Paul (Violin), Birgitta Wollenweber (Piano), Tacet #: 56 * Notturno in A major, Op. 12 ** Hans Maile (Violin), Jesus Lopez-Cobos (Conductor),
Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra The Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (''Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin'') is a German symphony orchestra based in Berlin. In Berlin, the orchestra gives concerts at the Konzerthaus Berlin and at the Berliner Philharmonie. The orchestra has a ...
, Schwann #: CD 11622 * Romance in B-flat major **
Marat Bisengaliev Marat Bisengaliev (, born 1962 in Kazakhstan) is a Kazakh violinist and conductor of both the West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra and TuranAlem Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra. He is the founding Music Director of the Symphony Orchestra of ...
(Violin), John Lenehan (Piano), Naxos #: 8.553026 **
Aaron Rosand Aaron Rosand (born Aaron Rosen; March 15, 1927 – July 9, 2019) was an American classical violinist and violin pedagogue. Life and career Born in Hammond, Indiana, he studied with Leon Sametini at the Chicago Musical College and with Efrem ...
(Violin),
Hugh Sung Hugh Sung (born September 25, 1969) is a Korean-American classical pianist. Early life Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Sung began studying the piano with his mother at the age of three. At the age of eight, he began private studies with Ele ...
(Piano), Biddulph Recordings: LAW 003 * ''Romance in C major'' ** Florin Paul (Violin), Birgitta Wollenweber (Piano), Tacet #: 56 * ''Hebrew melodies'', Op. 9 **Anna Barbara Dütschler (Viola), Marc Pantillon (Piano), Claves #: 9905 * ''Heinrich IV'' Overture, Op. 7 (2 pianos, arr.
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period (music), Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, oft ...
) ** Duo Egri-Pertis, Hungaroton #: 32003 * Variations for Viola and Piano, Op. 10 **Numerous recordings * Variations for Violin and Orchestra in e minor **
Vilmos Szabadi Vilmos Szabadi (born 1959) is a Hungarian violinist who has enjoyed an international reputation since the 1980s. In 2020 the ‘Artist of Merit’ prize was given to him by the Hungarian Government. In 2018 the Bartók-Pásztory prize was award ...
(Violin), László Kovács (Conductor), North Hungarian Symphony Orchestra, Hungaroton #: 32185 * Variations for Violin and Piano in e minor **
Hagai Shaham Hagai Shaham (; born July 8, 1966) is an Israeli violin virtuoso. He began studying the violin at the age of six and was the last student of the late Professor Ilona Feher. He is also a violin teacher, a professor
(Violin), Arnon Erez (Piano), Hyperion #: CDA 67663 *String Quartet Movement (Quartettsatz) in c minor ** Israel String Quartet, Classic Talent #: B001HADEWI **
Joachim Quartet Joseph Joachim (28 June 1831 – 15 August 1907) was a Hungarian Violin, violinist, Conducting, conductor, composer and teacher who made an international career, based in Hanover and Berlin. A close collaborator of Johannes Brahms, he is widely ...
, Thorofon #: CTH 2120 *WoO, Fantasie über ungarische Motive; Fantasie über irische Motive **Katharina Uhde (Violin), Dennis Friesen-Carper (Conductor), Radio Orchestra Warsaw
Soundset
#SR1122.


Joachim's own discography

* J. S. Bach: Partita for Violin No. 1 in B minor, BWV 1002: 7th movement, Tempo di Bourrée, Pearl Catalog: 9851 (also on Testament (749677132323)). * Brahms: Hungarian Dances (21) for Piano 4 hands, WoO 1: No. 1 in G minor (arr. Joachim), Opal Recordings (also on Testament (749677132323)). * Brahms: Hungarian Dance No. 2 in D minor (arr. Joachim), Grammophon Catalogue #047905; HMV, D88. * Joachim: Romance in C major, Op. 20, Pearl Catalog: 9851 Original pressings are single-sided and have a flat red G&T label. Later reeditions have a black G&T label (or, from 1909, from the '
His Master's Voice His Master's Voice is an entertainment trademark featuring a dog named Nipper, curiously peering into the horn of a wind-up gramophone. Painted by Francis Barraud in 1898, the image has since become a global symbol used across consumer elect ...
' record label), and those made for the German market are double-sided. A letter preserved in the EMI archives records the stringent conditions Joachim expected for the publicity for his recordings: sensational adverts were to be avoided, with no comparisons between his art and that of other violinists. The letter also stated that "it was only with the greatest difficulty that Professor Joachim was induced to play".


Joachim's students

*
Leopold Auer Leopold von Auer (; June 7, 1845July 15, 1930) was a Hungarian violinist, academic, conductor, composer, and instructor. Many of his students went on to become prominent concert performers and teachers. Early life and career Auer was born in ...
, violinist and teacher; studied with Joachim in Hanover. Among his many outstanding students were
Mischa Elman Mischa (Mikhail Saulovich) Elman (; January 20, 1891April 5, 1967) was a Russian-American violinist famed for his passionate style, beautiful tone, and impeccable artistry and musicality. Early life Moses or Moishe Elman was born to a Jewish fa ...
,
Jascha Heifetz Jascha Heifetz (; December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian classical violin styl ...
, and
Nathan Milstein Nathan Mironovich Milstein ( – December 21, 1992) was a Russian and American virtuoso violinist. Widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time, Milstein was known for his interpretations of Bach's solo violin works and for wo ...
. * Dora Valesca Becker (1870–1958) *
Henri Berény Henri Weiss, better known as Henri Berény and also given as Henrik Berény and Henry Bereny (1 January 1871 – 23 March 1932) was a Hungarian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, screenwriter and film director. He is best remembered as a co ...
(1871–1932), composer and violinist *
Hugo Leichtentritt Hugo Leichtentritt (1 January 1874, Pleschen, , nearby Posen, Province of Posen13 November 1951, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-Jewish musicologist and composer who spent much of his life in the USA. His pupils include composers Leroy R ...
*
Aylmer Buesst Aylmer Buesst (28 January 18833 January 1970) was an Australian conductor, teacher and scholar, who spent his career in the United Kingdom. He was mainly associated with opera and vocal music. He also wrote a work on the leitmotifs in Richard Wag ...
*
Willy Burmester Carl Adolph Wilhelm “Willy” Burmester (16 March 186916 January 1933) was a German violinist. Life and career Willy Burmester was born in Hamburg and was a pupil of Joseph Joachim, with whom he studied for many years in Berlin. In 1885, howev ...
* Carl Courvoisier (1846–1908), author of ''Technics of Violin Playing on Joachim's Method'', London: The Strad Library, No. I, 1894. *
Bram Eldering Abraham "Bram" Eldering (8 July 1865 – 17 June 1943) was a Dutch violinist and music pedagogue. Life Born in Groningen, Bram (abbreviation of ''Abraham'') Eldering studied violin with Jenő Hubay at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. Aft ...
(1865–1943), Concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic under
Hans von Bülow Freiherr Hans Guido von Bülow (; 8 January 1830 – 12 February 1894) was a German conductor, pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. As one of the most distinguished conductors of the 19th century, his activity was critical for establishi ...
; Concertmaster of the Meininger Hofkapelle *
Adila Fachiri Adila Fachiri (26 February 188615 December 1962) was a Hungarian violinist who had an international career but made her home in England. She was the sister of the violinist Jelly d'Arányi, with whom she often played duets.British Library Sound & Vi ...
, Joachim's great-niece * F. Fleischhauer (born 1834), Hofconcertmeister in Meiningen *
Sam Franko Sam Franko (January 20, 1857 – May 6, 1937) was an American violinist and conductor. He was the brother of violinist, conductor and concert promoter Nahan Franko. A native of New Orleans, Franko studied the violin in Europe, working with Jos ...
* Richard Gompertz (born 1859), professor of violin at the Royal College of Music, London *
Jakob Grün Jakob Moritz Grün (; 13 March 1837 – 1 October 1916) was an Austrian violinist of Hungarian origin. After positions as principal violinist in the court orchestras of Weimar and Hannover, he was, from 1868 to 1897, concertmaster of the Vienna ...
, born in Pest, 1837; Joachim resigned a position to protest his non-advancement for being Jewish. * Karel (Carl) Halíř (1859–1909), Bohemian violinist, member of the Joachim Quartet * Willy Hess * Gustav Hille * (born 1843), Concertmaster in Breslau *
Theodore Holland Theodore Samuel Holland, OBE (25 April 1878 – 29 October 1947), was a British composer and academic. Born in Wimbledon, Holland attended Westminster School and then the Royal College of Music, where his composition teacher was Frederick Corder. ...
(1878–1947), British composer and teacher. * Gustav Holländer (born 1855), solo violinist * Rebecca Wilder Holmes (1871–1953), American violinist and music professor at
Smith College Smith College is a Private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts Women's colleges in the United States, women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts, United States. It was chartered in 1871 by Sophia Smit ...
*
Jenő Hubay Jenő Hubay von Szalatna ( ; 15 September 185812 March 1937), also known by his German name Eugen Huber (), was a Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher. Early life Hubay was born into a German family of musicians in Pest, Hungary ...
, Hungarian violinist, composer *
Bronisław Huberman Bronisław Huberman (19 December 1882 – 16 June 1947) was a Polish violinist. He was known for his individualistic interpretations and was praised for his tone color, expressiveness, and flexibility. The '' Gibson ex-Huberman Stradivariu ...
*
Karl Klingler Karl Klingler (7 December 1879 – 18 March 1971) was a German violinist, concertmaster, composer, music teacher and lecturer. Life Early years Karl Klingler was born in Strasbourg, at that time in Germany, the fifth of his parents' six re ...
, violinist of the Klingler Quartet and Joachim's successor at the Berlin Hochschule; Klingler was the teacher of
Shinichi Suzuki was a Japanese violinist, philosopher, composer, and educator and the founder of the international Suzuki method of music education and developed a philosophy for educating people of all ages and abilities. An influential pedagogue in music ed ...
. *
Iosif Kotek Iosif Iosifovich Kotek, also seen as Josef or Yosif (, ''Iosif Iosifovič Kotek''; 4 January 1885), was a Russian violinist and composer remembered for his association with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. He assisted Tchaikovsky with technical difficult ...
(1855–1885), Russian violinist *
Hans Letz Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi a ...
, Concertmaster of the Theodore Thomas Orchestra * , Concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. * Karl Markees (1865–1926), a Swiss violinist who at one point owned the
Markees Stradivarius The Markees is a violin made by Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona. It was created in 1701. The violin is owned by the Music Chamber of Hong Kong, having been purchased in 2004 from a professor at the Juilliard School of Music. It wa ...
. *
Charles Martin Loeffler Charles Martin Tornov Loeffler (January 30, 1861 – May 19, 1935) was a German-born American violinist and composer. Family background Charles Martin Loeffler was born Martin Karl Löffler on January 30, 1861, in Schöneberg near Berlin to par ...
(1861–1935) *
Martin Marsick Martin Pierre Joseph Marsick (9 March 1847, in Jupille-sur-Meuse – 21 October 1924, in Paris), was a Belgian violin player, composer and teacher. His violin was made by Antonio Stradivari in 1705 and has since become known as the Ex Marsick ...
* Pietro Melani * Waldemar J. Meyer (1853–1940) *
Bernardo V. Moreira de Sá Bernardo is a given name, possibly derived from the Germanic Bernhard. It may refer to: People * Bernardo the Japanese (died 1557), early Japanese Christian convert and disciple of Saint Francis Xavier * Bernardo Accolti (1465–1536), Italian ...
(1853–1924), Portuguese violinist and teacher; director of the "Conservatório de Música do Porto"; director and founder of the "Orpheon Portuense"; studied with Joachim in Berlin *
Andreas Moser Andreas Moser (29 November 1859 – 7 October 1925) was a German musician, music pedagogue and musicologist. Early life and education Born in Zemun, Syrmia, Austrian Empire, Moser was the son of a winegrower and smoker from Upper Austria. As ...
(1859–1925), violinist and assistant to Joachim; Moser wrote the first biography of Joachim, Moser (1901), on Joachim's life up through 1899. He helped recover original scores of J.S. Bach's ''Sonate e Partite per violino solo'', and collaborated with Joachim on numerous editions. *
Tivadar Nachéz Tivadar Nachéz (1 May 185929 May 1930) was a Hungarian violinist and composer for violin who had an international career, but made his home in London during his career. Tivadar Nachéz (he himself signed with Nachèz) was born in Budapest, where ...
(1859–1930) * Johannes Palaschko (1877–1932) *
Henri Petri Henri Willem Petri (5 April 1856 – 7 April 1914) was a Dutch violinist, music pedagogue, composer and arranger who spent his entire career in Germany. Life Born in Zeist, Petri came from a musical family. His father was oboist in the city o ...
, Concertmaster in Leipzig * Lili Petschnikoff (1874–1957), American violinist *
Maximilian Pilzer Maximilian Pilzer (February 26, 1890 – May 30, 1958) was a Conducting, conductor and violinist. He was concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic orchestra from 1915 to 1917. During the years of 1926, 1948 to 1949, and ...
, Concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic (1915–1917), * Enrico Polo (1868–1953), Italian violinist, violist, pedagogue *
Maud Powell Minnie "Maud" Powell (August 22, 1867 – January 8, 1920) was an American violinist who gained international acclaim for her skill and virtuosity. Biography Powell was born in Peru, Illinois. Her mother was Wilhelmina "Minnie" Bengelstraeter ...
, American violinist * Willibald Richter (1860–1929), German-born English pianist, organist and teacher; student, friend and accompanist of Joachim; student of Haupt, Lebert, Liszt, Mischalek and Oscar; founded College of Music at Leicester * Camillo Ritter, teacher of leading violist
William Primrose William Primrose (23 August 19041 May 1982) was a Scottish violist and teacher. He performed with the London String Quartet from 1930 to 1935. He then joined the NBC Symphony Orchestra where he formed the Primrose Quartet. He performed in v ...
* Ernst Schiever (1844–1915), Leader of the Richter Orchestra, member of the original Joachim Quartet (1869–1871) * Ossip Schnirlin (? – 1937) * Emily Shinner * Axel Skovgaard * Maria Soldat-Röger *
Theodore Spiering Theodore Bernays Spiering (September 5, 1871 – August 11, 1925) was an American violinist, conductor and teacher. Spiering was born in Old North St. Louis, Missouri, where at age five he took his first lessons in violin from his father, co ...
, American violinist; born in St. Louis, lived in Chicago; Concertmaster (1909–1911) of New York Philharmonic * Kemp Stillings (1888–1967), American violinist, music teacher *
Agnes Tschetschulin Agnes Tschetschulin (24 February 1859 – 23 April 1942) was a Finnish composer and violinist who toured internationally. Tschetschulin was born in Helsinki to Feodor and Hilda Eckstein Tschetschulin. She had three sisters: Maria, Melanie, and E ...
*
Franz von Vecsey Franz von Vecsey (born Ferenc Vecsey; 23 March 18935 April 1935) was a Hungarian violinist and composer, who became a well-known virtuoso in Europe through the early 20th century. He made his first public debut at the age of 10. An accomplished ...
, studied with Hubay, then Joachim; dedicatee of the Sibelius violin concerto * Alfred Wittenberg Other pupils may be mentioned by
Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski Wilhelm may refer to: People and fictional characters * William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm" * Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname Other uses * Wilhe ...
in his "Die Violine und Ihre Meister". •
Karl Scheurer Karl Scheurer (27 September 1872, in Sumiswald – 14 November 1929) was a Swiss politician. He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1919 and died in office on 14 November 1929. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Par ...


Joachim's instruments

Most, but not all, of the many violins (and two violas) Joachim is said to have had during his career are shown on the website of
Tarisio Auctions Tarisio is the world's largest seller of fine stringed instruments and bows. Founded in 1999 as an auction house that specializes in string instruments and bows, Tarisio now has locations in New York, London and Berlin and serves a global clientel ...
, cozio.com. Further information, in German, is in the article by Kamlah (2013). * His first (full-size) violin was a Guarneri Filius Andreae 1703, which he gave to Felix Schumann after he acquired his first
Stradivarius A Stradivarius is one of the string instruments, such as violins, violas, cellos, and guitars, crafted by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari (Latin: Antonius Stradivarius), in Cremona, Italy, during the late 17th ...
. * A violin, the ''ex-Joachim'' Stradivarius of 1715 is currently held by the Collezione Civica del Comune di
Cremona Cremona ( , , ; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po (river), Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city a ...
. It was presented to Joachim on the occasion of his Jubilee celebration in 1889. * The Ex Joachim, Joseph Vieland Viola by
Gasparo da Salò Gasparo da Salò (20 May 154214 April 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player. Around 80 of his instruments are known to have survived to the present day: violins (sma ...
, Brescia, before 1609 is held by the Shrine to Music No. 3368. * A Johannes Theodorus Cuypers anno 1807 was bought by Joachim in the mid 19th century and taken on tour throughout Europe. There is also evidence that the instrument was played by Joachim in a recital in Paris a half century later, in 1895. The same instrument was also played by Fritz Kreisler in a 1955 Carnegie Hall concert.


Cultural references

The English poet
Robert Bridges Robert Seymour Bridges (23 October 1844 – 21 April 1930) was a British poet who was Poet Laureate from 1913 to 1930. A doctor by training, he achieved literary fame only late in life. His poems reflect a deep Christian faith, and he is ...
wrote a
sonnet A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set Rhyme scheme, rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word ''sonetto'' (, from the Latin word ''sonus'', ). Originating in ...
about Joachim in his first major work of poetry ''The Growth of Love''. A monument to Joachim, sculpted by
Adolf von Hildebrand Adolf von Hildebrand (6 October 1847 – 18 January 1921) was a German sculptor. Life Hildebrand was born at Marburg, the son of Marburg economics professor Bruno Hildebrand. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Nuremberg, with Kaspar von ...
, was installed in the Great hall of the
Royal Academy of Music The Royal Academy of Music (RAM) in London, England, is one of the oldest music schools in the UK, founded in 1822 by John Fane and Nicolas-Charles Bochsa. It received its royal charter in 1830 from King George IV with the support of the firs ...
.


Notes


Sources

* Leopold Auer, 1923, ''My long Life in Music'', F. A. Stokes, New York * Styra Avins, "Joachim, Joseph", in ''The Oxford Companion to Music'', ed. Alison Latham, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 637–638, * Ute Bär, "Sie wissen ja, wie gerne ich, selbst öffentlich, mit Ihnen musicire! Clara Schumann und Joseph Joachim", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 1, nr. 3, July 2007, 247–257. *
Otto Biba Otto Biba (born 9 August 1946) is an Austrian musicologist and archive director of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. Career Born in Vienna, after studying history and musicology (doctorate University of Vienna in 1974), Biba has been ...
, "'Ihr Sie hochachtender, dankbarer Schüler Peppi', Joseph Joachims Jugend im Spiegel bislang unveröffentlicher Briefe", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 1, nr. 3, July 2007, 200–204. * Nora Bickley, selector and translator, ''Letters From and To Joseph Joachim'', with a preface by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, New York: Vienna House, 1972. *
Beatrix Borchard Beatrix Borchard (born 1950) is a German musicologist and author. The focus of her publications is the life and work of female and male musicians, such as Clara and Robert Schumann, Amalie and Joseph Joachim, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, and Adriana ...
, ''Stimme und Geige: Amalie und Joseph Joachim, Biographie und Interpretationsgeschichte'', Wien, Köln, Weimar, Böhlau Verlag, 2005. * Beatrix Borchard, "Groß-männlich-deutsch? Zur Rolle Joseph Joachims für das deutsche Musikleben in der Wilhelminischen Zeit", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 1, nr. 3, July 2007, 218–231. *
Siegfried Borris Siegfried Borris (born Siegfried Jakob Boris Zuckermann; 4 November 1906 – 23 August 1987) was a German composer, musicologist and music educator. He became a lecturer at the Musikhochschule Berlin in 1929, but his career was interrupted durin ...
, "Joseph Joachim zum 65. Todestag", ''Oesterreichische Musikzeitschrift'' XXVII (June 1972): 352–355. * Margaret Campbell, 1981, ''The Great Violinists'', Doubleday, Garden City, New York. (Has a chapter on Joachim) * F. G. E., "Joseph Joachim", ''
The Musical Times ''The Musical Times'' was an academic journal of classical music edited and produced in the United Kingdom. It was originally created by Joseph Mainzer in 1842 as ''Mainzer's Musical Times and Singing Circular'', but in 1844 he sold it to Alfr ...
'', 48/775 (1 September 1907): 577–583. * Robert W. Eshbach, "Der Geigerkönig: Joseph Joachim as Performer", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 1, nr. 3, July 2007, 205–217. * Robert W. Eshbach, "Verehrter Freund! Liebes Kind! Liebster Jo! Mein einzig Licht. Intimate letters in Brahms's Freundeskreis", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 2, nr. 2, April 2008, 178–193 * Robert W. Eshbach, "Joachims Jugend", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 5, nr. 2, April 2011, 176–190. * Robert W. Eshbach, "Joachim's Youth – Joachim's Jewishness", ''
The Musical Quarterly ''The Musical Quarterly'' is the oldest academic journal on music in America. Originally established in 1915 by Oscar Sonneck, the journal was edited by Sonneck until his death in 1928. Sonneck was succeeded by a number of editors, including C ...
'', vol. 94, no. 4, Winter 2011, 548–592 * J. A. Fuller-Maitland, ''Joseph Joachim'', London & New York: John Lane, 1905, a Google Books; repr. Bibliobazaar, 2010, public domain * Johannes Joachim and Andreas Moser (eds.), ''Briefe von und an Joseph Joachim'', 3 vols., Berlin: Julius Bard, 1911–1913 *
Hans Gál Hans Gál Officer of the Order of the British Empire, OBE (5 August 1890 – 3 October 1987) was an Austrian composer, pedagogue, musicologist, and author, who emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1938. Life Gál was born to a Jewish family in ...
, ''Johannes Brahms: His Work and Personality'', transl. from German by Joseph Stein, Knopf, New York, 1971. * Ruprecht Kamlah, Joseph Joachims Guarneri-Geigen, Eine Untersuchung im Hinblick auf die Familie Wittgenstein, Wiener Geschichtsblätter 2013, Vol. 1, , posted on "Joseph Joachim: Biography and Research", 2015. * Ruprecht Kamlah, "Joseph Joachims Geigen, Ihre Geschichten und Spieler, besonders der Sammler Wilhelm Kux, Palm und Enke, Erlangen 2018, , 230 pages. *
Adolph Kohut Adolph Kohut (10 November 1848 – 21 or 22 November 1917) was a German-Hungarian journalist, literature and cultural historian, biographer, recitator and translator from Hungarian origin. Life Born in Mindszent, Kohut was born as one of th ...
, ''Josef Joachim. Ein Lebens- und Künstlerbild. Festschrift zu seinem 60. Geburtstage, am 28. Juni 1891'', Berlin: A. Glas, 1891. * Berthold Litzmann, 1913, ''Clara Schumann: An Artist's Life based on material found in Diaries and Letters'', Translated from the fourth German edition by Grace E. Hadow, MacMillan, London. *
Brigitte Massin Brigitte Massin (21 July 1927 – 5 December 2002) was a French musicologist and journalist. With her husband Jean Massin, she published numerous works on music. Brigitte Massin is the mother of Béatrice Massin, a specialist of Baroque dance. ...
, ''Les Joachim: Une Famille de Musiciens'', Paris: Fayard, 1999. * Andreas Moser (ed.), ''Johannes Brahms im Briefwechsel mit Joseph Joachim'', 2nd ed., Berlin: Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft, 1912. * Andreas Moser, ''Joseph Joachim: Ein Lebensbild'', 2 vols. Berlin: Verlag der Deutschen Brahms-Gesellschaft, vol. 1: 1908; vol. 2: 1910. (Published after the following translation, so must be a revised edition?) * Andreas Moser, ''Joseph Joachim: A Biography (1831–1899)'', translated by Lilla Durham, introduction by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, London: Philip Wellby, 1901. (Published during Joachim's lifetime) * Hans Joachim Moser, ''Joseph Joachim'', Sechsundneunzigstes Neujahrsblatt der Allgemeinen Musikgesellschaft in Zürich, Zürich & Leipzig: Hug & Co., 1908 * Anne Russell, "Joachim", ''
The Etude ''The Etude'' was an American print magazine dedicated to music founded by Theodore Presser (1848–1925) at Lynchburg, Virginia, and first published in October 1883. Presser, who had also founded the Music Teachers National Association, moved ...
'', (December 1932) 884–885. * Dietmar Schenk, "Aus einer Gründerzeit: Joseph Joachim, die Berliner Hochschule für Musik und der deutsch-französische Krieg", ''Die Tonkunst'', vol. 1, nr. 3, July 2007, 232–246. * Michael Steinberg, ''The Concerto: A Listener's Guide'', Oxford University Press, 1998, * Barrett Stoll, ''Joseph Joachim: Violinist, Pedagogue, and Composer'', Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Iowa, 1978. * Karl Storck, ''Joseph Joachim: Eine Studie'', Leipzig: Hermann Seemann Nachfolger, n.d. * Robert Stowell, Ed., ''Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet'', Cambridge University Press, 2003. * Jan Swafford, ''Johannes Brahms: A Biography'', Knopf and Vintage Books, 1997. * Katharina Uhde, "Rediscovering Joseph Joachim’s ‘Hungarian’ and ‘Irish’ Scottish’fantasias.", In: ''The Musical Times'', 158/1941 (Winter 2017): 75–99. * Katharina Uhde, ''The Music of Joseph Joachim'', Boydell & Brewer, 2018. * Katharina Uhde, ed., ''Joseph Joachim, Fantasy on Hungarian Themes (1850), Fantasy on Irish cottishThemes (1852) for Violin and Orchestra''
Bärenreiter
2018. *Katharina Uhde, "An Unknown Beethoven Cadenza by Joseph Joachim: 'Dublin 1852'", ''The Musical Quarterly'', Vol. 103, Issue 3–4 (Fall-Winter 2020): 394–424. * Gerhard Winkler (ed.) "Geigen-Spiel-Kunst: Joseph Joachim und der 'Wahre' Fortschritt", ''Burgenländische Heimatblätter'', vol. 69, nr. 2, 2007. *
Klaus Martin Kopitz Klaus Martin Kopitz (born January 29, 1955, Stendal) is a German composer and musicologist. He became known in particular with his album ''Mia Brentano's Hidden Sea. 20 songs for 2 pianos''. In the US, it was 2018 on the annual "Want List" of t ...
(ed.), ''Briefwechsel Robert und Clara Schumanns mit Joseph Joachim und seiner Familie'', 2 vols. (= ''Schumann-Briefedition'', series II, vol. 2), Köln: Dohr, 2019,


External links


Joseph Joachim — Biography and Research.
*
Joseph Joachim's autograph and handwritten note to Marianne Scharwenka
(Violinist and wife of Philipp Scharwenka) * * * *

*
Guide to the Joseph Joachim Collection
at the
Leo Baeck Institute, New York The Leo Baeck Institute New York (LBI) is a research institute in New York City dedicated to the study of German-Jewish history and culture, founded in 1955. It is one of three independent research centers founded by a group of German-speaking J ...
. {{DEFAULTSORT:Joachim, Joseph 1831 births 1907 deaths Composers from Austria-Hungary Violinists from Austria-Hungary Hungarian Romantic composers Hungarian classical composers Hungarian classical violinists Conductors (music) from Austria-Hungary Jewish Hungarian musicians Jewish Hungarian violinists Child classical musicians Concertmasters Deaths from actinomycosis Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society Jewish classical composers Jewish classical violinists Hungarian male classical violinists Musicians from Hanover Oberlander Jews People from Neusiedl am See District Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna alumni Johannes Brahms