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James F. Dunnigan (born August 8, 1943) is an author, military-political analyst, Defense and State Department consultant, and
wargame A normal wargame is a strategy game in which two or more players command opposing armed forces in a simulation of an armed conflict. Wargaming may be played for Recreational wargaming, recreation, to train military officers in the art of milit ...
designer currently living in
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
.


Career

Dunnigan was born in Rockland County, New York. After high school, he volunteered for the military instead of waiting to be drafted. From 1961 to 1964, he worked as a repair technician for the
Sergeant Sergeant (Sgt) is a Military rank, rank in use by the armed forces of many countries. It is also a police rank in some police services. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and in other units that draw their heritage f ...
ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are powered only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM) typic ...
; his service included a tour in
Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
. Afterwards, he attended
Pace University Pace University is a private university with campuses in New York City and Westchester County, New York, United States. It was established in 1906 as a business school by the brothers Homer St. Clair Pace and Charles A. Pace. Pace enrolls about ...
studying
accounting Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entity, economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activit ...
, then transferred to
Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...
, graduating with a degree in
history History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...
in 1970. In college he became involved in wargaming. He designed ''
Jutland Jutland (; , ''Jyske Halvø'' or ''Cimbriske Halvø''; , ''Kimbrische Halbinsel'' or ''Jütische Halbinsel'') is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). It ...
'', which
Avalon Hill Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes wargames and strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the compan ...
published in 1967, following it up with ''
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
'' the next year, and '' PanzerBlitz'' in 1970, which eventually sold more than 300,000 copies. Meanwhile, Dunnigan had founded his own company, initially known as Poultron Press, and which was soon renamed to Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI). Dunnigan created SPI to save the
magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...
''
Strategy & Tactics ''Strategy & Tactics'' (''S&T'') is a wargaming magazine now published by Decision Games, notable for publishing a new wargame in each issue. Beginnings ''Strategy & Tactics'' was first published in January 1967 under its original editor, Chri ...
'', which at that time was published by Chris Wagner. Dunnigan had been contributing material to the magazine since its second issue in February 1967, and when Wagner was having financial challenges with the magazine he sold the rights to Dunningan for $1. Dunnigan took over a windowless basement on the
Lower East Side The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Historically, it w ...
of
Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...
where he published his first issue, ''Strategy & Tactics'' #18 in September 1969; every issue included a new wargame beginning with that issue. Dunnigan also designed the game '' Sniper!'' (1973). Dunnigan later designed '' Dallas: The Television Role-Playing Game'' (1980), which was the first published licensed role-playing game. In 1980, Dunnigan was forced to leave SPI as the financial situation at the company was deteriorating. He left SPI to write more books, begin modeling financial markets, and pursue other projects. Between 1966 and 1992, he designed over 100 wargames and other conflict simulations, ranging from 1969's ''Up Against the Wall, Motherfucker'' about the student takeover at Columbia (which he witnessed as a bystanderAccording to Dunnigan he was a student at Columbia University that season and, although he has not participated in the action, several of his friends did. Some of these worked in the school newspaper and asked Dunnigan to make a game for the first anniversary of ''The Spectator''. Quoted in ), to the gigantic '' War in Europe'', to the online ''Hundred Years War'' with his long-time partners
Albert Nofi Albert A. Nofi (born January 6, 1944), is an American military historian, defense analyst, and designer of board and computer wargaming systems. Early life A native of Brooklyn, he attended New York City public schools, graduating from the Boys ...
and Daniel Masterson, which has been running since 1992. In 1979, he wrote '' The Complete Wargames Handbook'' (first edition), and in 1980 ''How to Make War''. Dunnigan contributed to Three-Sixty Pacific's ''Victory at Sea'' but, he claimed, was not allowed to finish the computer wargame's design, although it was advertised as "James F. Dunnigan's ''Victory at Sea''". With his partners from the '' Hundred Years War'', Daniel Masterson and
Albert Nofi Albert A. Nofi (born January 6, 1944), is an American military historian, defense analyst, and designer of board and computer wargaming systems. Early life A native of Brooklyn, he attended New York City public schools, graduating from the Boys ...
, Dunnigan founded the online military news sit
StrategyPage
in 1999, of which he is the editor-in-chief. Podcasts of his commentaries on history, military affairs, and the contemporary world are regularly posted on StrategyPage.Com and as at Instapundit.com Dunnigan regularly lectures at military and academic institutions, such as the Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group, in Newport, Rhode Island.


Awards/recognition

At
Origins Origin(s) or The Origin may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Comics and manga * ''Origin'' (comics), a Wolverine comic book mini-series published by Marvel Comics in 2002 * ''The Origin'' (Buffy comic), a 1999 ''Buffy the Vampire Sl ...
in 1976, Dunnigan was inducted into the
Charles Roberts Awards Hall of Fame The Charles S. Roberts Awards Hall of Fame, formally known as the Clausewitz Award Hall of Fame, is named after legendary military writer Carl von Clausewitz. The recipients of this award have made an important contribution and left their mark on th ...
. In 1999 ''
Pyramid A pyramid () is a structure whose visible surfaces are triangular in broad outline and converge toward the top, making the appearance roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be of any polygon shape, such as trian ...
'' magazine named him as one of the millennium's most influential persons "at least in the realm of adventure gaming". He was honored as a "famous game designer" by being featured on the king of diamonds in Flying Buffalo's 2008 Famous Game Designers Playing Card Deck.


Books

* '' The Complete Wargames Handbook'', first edition, 1979 ** ''The Complete Wargames Handbook: How to Play, Design and Find Them'', Revised edition, William Morrow, 1992. .
online version
** ''Wargames Handbook: How to Play and Design Commercial and Professional Wargames'', Third edition, 2000. . * ''How To Make War: A Comprehensive Guide To Modern Warfare'', first edition, 1983 ** ''How to Make War: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Warfare for the Post-Cold War Era'', 3rd edition, William Morrow, 1993. . ** ''How to Make War: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Warfare in the Twenty-first Century'', 4th edition, HarperCollins, 2003. * ''Digital Soldiers'', St. Martin's, 1996. . * ''Dirty Little Secrets of the 20th Century: Myths, Misinformation, and Unknown Truths About the 20th Century'', William Morrow, 1999. . * ''The Perfect Soldier''. Citadel, 2004. .


Co-author

;As editor and co-author :* ''The Russian Front: Germany's War in the East, 1941-45'' (also published as ''The Russian Campaign''), Arms and Armour, 1978. . ;With William Martel :* ''How to Stop a War: The Lessons of Two Hundred Years of War and Peace'', Doubleday, 1987. . ;With Austin Bay :* ''From Shield to Storm: High-Tech Weapons, Military Strategy and Coalition Warfare in the Persian Gulf'', William Morrow, 1991. . :* ''A Quick & Dirty Guide to War: Briefings on Present and Potential Wars'', 4th edition, Paladin, 2008. . ;With
Albert Nofi Albert A. Nofi (born January 6, 1944), is an American military historian, defense analyst, and designer of board and computer wargaming systems. Early life A native of Brooklyn, he attended New York City public schools, graduating from the Boys ...
:*''Shooting Blanks: War Making That Doesn't Work'', 1991. . :* ''Medieval Life and the Hundred Years War''
200,000 word online book
1994) :* ''Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You About the Greatest, Most Terrible War in History'', William Morrow, 1994. . :* ''Victory at Sea: World War II in the Pacific'', William Morrow, 1995. . :* ''The Pacific War Encyclopedia'', Facts on File, 1998. . :* ''Dirty Little Secrets: American Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know'', St. Martins Press, 1999. . :* ''Victory and Deceit: Deception and Trickery at War'', 2nd edition, Writers Club, 2001. . :* ''Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know'', St. Martins Griffin, 2001. . ;With Daniel Masterson :* ''The Way of the Warrior: Business Tactics and Techniques from History's Twelve Greatest Generals'', St. Martin's Griffin, 1998. . ;With Raymond M. Macedonia :* ''Getting It Right: American Military Reforms After Vietnam to the Gulf War and Beyond'', 2nd edition, Writers Club, 2001. .


Other works

* (contributor) '' Wargame Design: The History, Production, and Use of Conflict Simulations'', Simulations Publications, 1977. . * Foreword to H.G. Wells's ''Floor Games'' (
Skirmisher Skirmishers are light infantry or light cavalry soldiers deployed as a vanguard, flank guard or rearguard to screen a tactical position or a larger body of friendly troops from enemy advances. They may be deployed in a skirmish line, an irre ...
, 2006)


Games

*''
Jutland Jutland (; , ''Jyske Halvø'' or ''Cimbriske Halvø''; , ''Kimbrische Halbinsel'' or ''Jütische Halbinsel'') is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). It ...
'' (1967) *''
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...
'' (1968) *''
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
'' (1969) *'' Anzio Beachhead'' (1969) *''
Barbarossa Barbarossa, a name meaning "red beard" in Italian, primarily refers to: * Frederick Barbarossa (1122–1190), Holy Roman Emperor * Hayreddin Barbarossa (c. 1478–1546), Ottoman admiral * Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Uni ...
'' (1969) *''
Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...
'' (1969) *'' Deployment'' (1969) *'' Flying Fortress'' (1969) *''
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
'' (1969) *''
Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
'' (1969) *''
Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...
'' (1969) *''
Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...
'' (1969) *'' Tannenberg'' (1969) *''Up Against the Wall, Motherfucker'' (1969) *''
Bastogne Bastogne (; ; ; ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes, Belgium. The municipality consists of the following districts: Bastogne, Longvilly, Noville, Villers-la-Bonne-Eau, and Wardi ...
'' (1970) *'' Chicago, Chicago!'' (1970) *'' PanzerBlitz'' (1970) *''
Grenadier A grenadier ( , ; derived from the word ''grenade'') was historically an assault-specialist soldier who threw hand grenades in siege operation battles. The distinct combat function of the grenadier was established in the mid-17th century, when ...
'' (1971) *''
Kursk Kursk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur (Kursk Oblast), Kur, Tuskar, and Seym (river), Seym rivers. It has a population of Kursk ...
'' (1971) *'' Lost Battles'' (1971) *'' Origins of World War II'' (1971) *'' Strategy I'' (1971) *'' USN'' (1971) *''The Next President'' (1971) *''
American Revolution The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American ...
'' (1972) *'' Breakout and Pursuit'' (1972) *''
Combat Command A combat command was a Combined arms, combined-arms military organization of comparable size to a brigade or regiment employed by armored forces of the United States Army from 1942 until 1963. The structure of combat commands was task-organized ...
'' (1972) *'' Flying Circus'' (1972) *'' France '40'' (1972) *''
Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...
'' (1972) *'' Moscow Campaign'' (1972) *'' Origins of World War I'' (1972) *''
Outdoor Survival ''Outdoor Survival'' was a board game published by Avalon Hill in 1972. Rules ''Outdoor Survival'' is a hex-based board game played on three interlocking maps. Publication history ''Outdoor Survival'' was designed by Jim Dunnigan, and publish ...
'' (1972) *'' Red Star/White Star'' (1972) *'' Turning Point'' (1972) *'' Wilderness Campaign'' (1972) *'' Year of the Rat'' (1972) *'' Ardennes Offensive'' (1973) *'' Battles of Bull Run'' (1973) *'' CA'' (1973) *'' Desert War'' (1973) *'' El Alamein'' (1973) *'' Foxbat & Phantom'' (1973) *'' Kampfpanzer'' (1973) *''
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
'' (1973) *''
Napoleon at Waterloo ''Napoleon at Waterloo'' is a 1984 computer wargame published by Krentek Software. Gameplay ''Napoleon at Waterloo'' is a game in which the player controls Napoleon while the computer commands the forces of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Welling ...
'' (1973) *'' Panzer Armee Afrika'' (1973) *'' Scrimmage'' (1973) *'' Sinai'' (1973) *'' Sniper!'' (1973) *'' Solomons Campaign'' (1973) *''
Spitfire The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. It was the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the ...
'' (1973) *''
World War Two World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilisi ...
'' (1973) *''
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
'' (1974) *''
Combined Arms Combined arms is an approach to warfare that seeks to integrate different combat arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects—for example, using infantry and armoured warfare, armour in an Urban warfare, urban environment in ...
'' (1974) *''
Frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and maneuvera ...
'' (1974) *''
Operation Olympic Operation Downfall was the proposed Allies of World War II, Allied plan for the invasion of the Japanese archipelago, Japanese home islands near the End of World War II in Asia, end of World War II. The planned operation was canceled when Su ...
'' (1974) *''
Patrol A patrol is commonly a group of personnel, such as law enforcement officers, military personnel, or security personnel, that are assigned to monitor or secure a specific geographic area. Etymology The word "patrol" is derived from the Frenc ...
'' (1974) *''
Tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine; ...
'' (1974) *'' The East is Red'' (1974) *'' War in the East'' (1974) *'' Wolfpack'' (1974) *'' Battle for Germany'' (1975) *'' Global War'' (1975) *''
Invasion America ''Invasion America'' is an American animated science fiction television series that aired in the prime time lineup on The WB from June 8 to July 7, 1998. Produced by DreamWorks Television Animation (then part of DreamWorks proper, now owned b ...
'' (1975) *'' Mech War '77'' (1975) *''
Oil War An oil war is a conflict about petroleum resources, or their transportation, consumption, or regulation. The term may also refer generally to any conflict in a region that contains oil reserves or is geographically positioned in a location where ...
'' (1975) *'' Panzer '44'' (1975) *'' Sixth Fleet'' (1975) *'' The Fast Carriers'' (1975) *''
War in the Pacific The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast As ...
'' (1975) *'' World War 3'' (1975) *''
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
'' (1975) *'' Wurzburg'' (1975) *'' FireFight'' (1976) *'' Panzergruppe Guderian'' (1976) *'' Plot to Assassinate Hitler'' (1976) *'' Minuteman: The Second American Revolution'' (1976) *'' Revolt in the East'' (1976) *''
Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
'' (1976) *'' Strike Force'' (1976) *'' War in Europe'' (1976) *''
War in the West War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of State (polity), states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or betwe ...
'' (1976) *'' Fulda Gap'' (1977) *'' Agincourt'' (1978) *'' Brusilov'' (1978) *'' Canadian Civil War'' (1978) *'' The Next War'' (1978) *'' Bulge'' (1979) *'' Berlin '85'' (1980) *''
Dallas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...
'' (1980) *''
Demons A demon is a malevolent supernatural entity. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in folklore, mythology, religion, occultism, and literature; these beliefs are reflected in media including fiction, comics, film, t ...
'' (1980) *'' Drive on Metz'' (1980) *'' Empires of the Middle Ages'' (1980) *'' Fifth Corps'' (1980) *'' NATO Division Commander'' (1980) *'' TimeTripper'' (1980) *'' Wreck of the Pandora'' (1980) *'' Light Infantry Division'' (1985) *'' Tactical Combat Model'' (1985) *''
Men-At-Arms A man-at-arms was a soldier of the High Medieval to Renaissance periods who was typically well-versed in the use of arms and served as a fully-armoured heavy cavalryman. A man-at-arms could be a knight, or other nobleman, a member of a kni ...
'' (1990) *'' Hundred Years War'' (1992) *''
Victory at Sea ''Victory at Sea'' is a documentary television series about warfare in general during World War II, and naval warfare in particular, as well as the use of industry in warfare. It was broadcast by NBC in the United States during 1952–53. It w ...
'' (1992)


Notes


References


External links


James F. Dunnigan homepage
*
StrategyPage
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunnigan, Jim 1943 births American company founders American military writers Board game designers Columbia University School of General Studies alumni Living people United States Army soldiers Wargame designers