Jeremiah Curtin
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Jeremiah Curtin (6 September 1835 – 14 December 1906) was an American ethnographer,
folklorist Folklore studies (also known as folkloristics, tradition studies or folk life studies in the UK) is the academic discipline devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the ac ...
, and translator. Curtin had an abiding interest in languages and was conversant with several. From 1883 to 1891 he was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology as a field researcher documenting the customs and mythologies of various Native American tribes. He and his wife, Alma Cardell Curtin, traveled extensively, collecting ethnological information, from the Modocs of the Pacific Northwest to the
Buryats The Buryats are a Mongolic ethnic group native to southeastern Siberia who speak the Buryat language. They are one of the two largest indigenous groups in Siberia, the other being the Yakuts. The majority of the Buryats today live in their ti ...
of Siberia. They made several trips to Ireland, visited the
Aran Islands The Aran Islands ( ; , ) or The Arans ( ) are a group of three islands at the mouth of Galway Bay, off the west coast of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, with a total area around . They constitute the historic barony (Ireland), barony of Aran in ...
, and, with the aid of interpreters, collected folklore in southwest Munster and other Gaelic-speaking regions. Curtin compiled one of the first accurate collections of Irish folk material, and was an important source for
W. B. Yeats William Butler Yeats (, 13 June 186528 January 1939), popularly known as W. B. Yeats, was an Irish poet, dramatist, writer, and literary critic who was one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was a driving force behind the ...
. Curtin is known for several collections of Irish folktales. He also translated into English
Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...
's ''Quo Vadis'' and other novels and stories by the Pole.


Life

Born in
Detroit Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...
,
Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...
, to Irish parents, Curtin spent his early life on the family farm in what is now
Greendale, Wisconsin Greendale is a village in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 14,854 at the 2020 census. Greendale is located southwest of Milwaukee and is a part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. A planned community, it was establi ...
and later attended
Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate education, undergraduate college of Harvard University, a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Part of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Scienc ...
, despite his parents preference that he go to a Catholic college. While there he studied under folklorist
Francis James Child Francis James Child (February 1, 1825 – September 11, 1896) was an American scholar, educator, and folklorist, best known today for his collection of English and Scottish ballads now known as the Child Ballads. Child was Boylston professor ...
. Curtin graduated from Harvard in 1863."Jeremiah Curtin (1835-1906)", Ricorso
/ref> Curtin then moved to New York where he read law, and worked for the U.S. Sanitary Commission while translating and teaching German. In 1864 he went to Russia, where he served as secretary to Cassius M. Clay, Minister to the Russian court. During his time in Russia, Curtin became friends with Konstantin Pobedonostsev, professor of law at
Moscow State University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public university, public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, a ...
. He also visited Czechoslovakia and the Caucasus, and studied Slavic languages. While continuing to improve his Russian language skills, he also studied Czech, Polish, Bohemian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Hungarian, and Turkish. Curtin returned to the United States in 1868 for a brief visit. Clay assumed that around this time Curtin made some comments to William H. Seward that cost Clay an appointment as Secretary of War. Clay referred to Curtin as a "Jesuit Irishman". Upon his return to the United States, Curtin lectured on Russia and the Caucasus. In 1872 he married Alma M. Cardell. Mrs. Cardell acted as his secretary. In 1883 Curtin was employed by the
Bureau of American Ethnology The Bureau of American Ethnology (or BAE, originally, Bureau of Ethnology) was established in 1879 by an act of Congress for the purpose of transferring archives, records and materials relating to the Indians of North America from the Departme ...
as a field worker. His specialties were his work with American Indian languages and
Slavic languages The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavs, Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic language, Proto- ...
. In 1900, Curtin travelled to Siberia, which resulted in the book ''A Journey in Southern Siberia'' (published posthumously). The first part of the book is a travelogue; the last two-thirds is a record of the mythology of the Buryat people,Curtin, Jeremiah (1909)
A Journey in Southern Siberia
', Boston, Little, Brown, and Company. via Sacred Texts.
including a prose summary of Gesar as performed by Manshuud Emegeev. In 1905, he was asked by President Theodore Roosevelt to serve at the peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, bringing an end to the
Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major land battles of the war were fought on the ...
. Jeremiah Curtin died December 14, 1906, in Burlington Vermont and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in
Bristol Bristol () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region. Built around the River Avon, Bristol, River Avon, it is bordered by t ...
. His grandson Harry Sylvester, an American Catholic author, was born in 1908.


Irish folklore

Curtin visited
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
on five occasions between 1871 and 1893,and collected folkloric material in southwest
Munster Munster ( or ) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (). Following the Nor ...
, the
Aran Islands The Aran Islands ( ; , ) or The Arans ( ) are a group of three islands at the mouth of Galway Bay, off the west coast of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, with a total area around . They constitute the historic barony (Ireland), barony of Aran in ...
, and other Irish language regions with the help of interpreters. From this work he produced ''Myths and Folklore of Ireland'' (1890), an important source for folk material used by Yeats; ''Hero Tales of Ireland'' (1894); and ''Tales of the Fairies and Ghost World'' (1895). He also published a series of articles in ''
The New York Sun ''The New York Sun'' is an American Conservatism in the United States, conservative Online newspaper, news website and former newspaper based in Manhattan, Manhattan, New York. From 2009 to 2021, it operated as an (occasional and erratic) onlin ...
'', later edited and republished as ''Irish Folk Tales'' by Séamus Ó Duilearga in 1944.


Translations from Polish

According to the
epitaph An epitaph (; ) is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves be ...
placed over Curtin's grave in
Bristol, Vermont Bristol is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. The town was chartered on June 26, 1762, by the colonial governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. The charter was granted to Samuel Averill and sixty-three associates in the name ...
, by his erstwhile employer, the
Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...
, and written by his friend
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
, Polish was but one of seventy languages that "Jeremiah Curtin n histravel over the wide world ... learn dto speak". In addition to publishing collections of
fairy tale A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, household tale, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic, enchantments, and mythical or fanciful bei ...
s and
folklore Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture. This includes oral traditions such as Narrative, tales, myths, legends, proverbs, Poetry, poems, jokes, and other oral traditions. This also ...
and writings about his travels, Curtin translated a number of volumes by
Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...
, including his ''
Trilogy A trilogy is a set of three distinct works that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, and video games. Three-part works that are considered components of ...
'' set in the 17th-century
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...
, a couple of volumes on contemporary Poland, and, most famously and profitably, '' Quo Vadis'' (1897). In 1900 Curtin translated ''The Teutonic Knights'' by Sienkiewicz, the author's major historic novel about the
Battle of Grunwald The Battle of Grunwald was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), a ...
and its background. He also published an English version of Bolesław Prus' only
historical novel Historical fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events. Although the term is commonly used as a synonym for historical fiction literature, it can also be applied to oth ...
, ''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...
'', under the title ''The Pharaoh and the Priest'' (1902). Having both Polish and Russian interests, Curtin scrupulously avoided publicly favoring either people in their historic neighbors' quarrels (particularly since the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
had been in occupation of a third of the former
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...
, including Warsaw, since the latter part of the 18th century).


Sienkiewicz

Curtin began translating
Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...
's historical novel '' With Fire and Sword'' in 1888 at age fifty. Subsequently, he rendered the other two volumes of the author's ''
Trilogy A trilogy is a set of three distinct works that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, and video games. Three-part works that are considered components of ...
'', other works by Sienkiewicz, and in 1897 his '' Quo Vadis'', " e handsome income ... from
hose A hose is a flexible hollow tube or pipe designed to carry fluids from one location to another, often from a faucet or hydrant. Early hoses were made of leather, although modern hoses are typically made of rubber, canvas, and helically wound w ...
sale ... gave him ... financial independence ..." and set the publisher,
Little, Brown and Company Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. For close to two centuries, it has published fiction and nonfiction by American authors. Early lists featured Emil ...
, on its feet. Sienkiewicz himself appears to have been short-changed in his part of the profits from the translation of the best-selling ''Quo Vadis''. In 1897, Curtin's first meeting with Sienkiewicz, like his earlier first contact with the latter's writings, came about by sheer chance, in a hotel dining room at the
Swiss Swiss most commonly refers to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Swiss may also refer to: Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss Café, an old café located ...
resort of
Ragatz Ragatz, also known as "''Old Baths Pfäfers''" or "''Old Baths of Pfäfersin''" in the 19th century and earlier, was a famous watering-place in the Swiss village of Bad Ragaz, situated on the left bank of the Rhine, and by rail 22 km north of ...
. For the next nine years, until Curtin's death in 1906, the two men would be in continual contact through correspondence and personal meetings. Harold B. Segel writes about Curtin's translations of works by
Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...
: Segel cites a series of mistranslations perpetrated by Curtin due to his carelessness, uncritical reliance on
dictionaries A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged Alphabetical order, alphabetically (or by Semitic root, consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical-and-stroke sorting, radical an ...
, and ignorance of Polish
idiom An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a Literal and figurative language, figurative or non-literal meaning (linguistic), meaning, rather than making any literal sense. Categorized as formulaic speech, formulaic ...
, culture, history and
language Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed language, signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing syste ...
. Among the more striking is the rendering, in '' The Deluge'', of "''Czołem''" ("Greetings!"—a greeting still used by Poles) " literally" as "With the forehead!" According to Segel, the greatest weakness of Curtin's translations is their literalness. "Despite the fact that the translator himself possessed no impressive literary talent, greater attention to matters of style would have eliminated many of the infelicities and made for less stilted translation. But Curtin worked hastily ... itics ... could only surmise that, in his fidelity to the letter of the original rather than to its spirit, Curtin presented a duller, less colorful Sienkiewicz". Contemporary critics were dismayed at Curtin's gratuitous, outlandish modifications of the spellings of Polish proper names and other terms, and at his failure to provide adequate annotations. Both Bozena Shallcross and Jan Rybicki say that, at least in the case of some early translations, Curtin's work may have been based on Russian translations rather than on the Polish originals.Rybicki, Jan (2010), "The Translator's Wife's Traces: Alma Cardell Curtin and Jeremiah Curtin", ''Przekładaniec. A Journal of Literary Translation'' 24: 89–109 Sienkiewicz himself, who had spent time in America and knew the English language, wrote to the translator: The blurb page postfaced to the 1898 Little, Brown and Co. edition of ''Quo Vadis'' includes high praise of Curtin's translations by reviewers writing in the ''Chicago Mail'', ''Portland Advertiser'', '' Chicago Evening Post'', ''Literary World'', '' Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph'', ''
Providence Journal ''The Providence Journal'', colloquially known as the ''ProJo'', is a daily newspaper serving the metropolitan area of Providence, the largest newspaper in Rhode Island, US. The newspaper was first published in 1829. The newspaper had won four ...
'', ''
Brooklyn Eagle The ''Brooklyn Eagle'' (originally joint name ''The Brooklyn Eagle'' and ''Kings County Democrat'', later ''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle'' before shortening title further to ''Brooklyn Eagle'') was an afternoon daily newspaper published in the city ...
'', '' Detroit Tribune'', ''Boston Times'', ''Boston Saturday Evening Gazette'', '' Boston Courier'', '' Cleveland Plain Dealer'', ''
New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'', ''Boston Home Journal'', '' Review of Reviews'', ''
Boston Herald The ''Boston Herald'' is an American conservative daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts, and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarde ...
'', and several other newspapers.


Prus

In 1897, during a
Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
visit, Curtin learned from August Robert Wolff, of Gebethner and Wolff, Sienkiewicz's Polish publishers, that the Polish journalist and novelist Bolesław Prus, an acquaintance of Sienkiewicz, was as good a writer, and that none of Sienkiewicz's works surpassed in quality Prus' novel ''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...
''. Curtin read ''Pharaoh'', enjoyed it and decided to translate it in the future. During an 1898 Warsaw visit, Curtin began translating Prus' ''Pharaoh''. Polish friends had urged him to translate it, and he had himself found it "a powerful novel, well conceived and skillfully executed"; he declared its author a "deep and independent thinker." In September 1899, again in Warsaw—where, as often happened, Sienkiewicz was away—Curtin went ahead with his translation of Prus'
historical novel Historical fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events. Although the term is commonly used as a synonym for historical fiction literature, it can also be applied to oth ...
. Wolff urged him to continue with Prus, calling him profounder than Sienkiewicz. During another Warsaw visit, in early 1900, while again waiting for Sienkiewicz to return from abroad, Curtin called on Prus.
Christopher Kasparek Christopher Kasparek (born 1945) is a Scottish-born writer of Polish descent who has translated works by numerous Polish authors, including Ignacy Krasicki, Bolesław Prus, Florian Znaniecki, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Marian Rejewski, and Wł ...
says that, if anything, Curtin did still worse by Sienkiewicz's "more profound" compatriot, Bolesław Prus. Prus'
historical novel Historical fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events. Although the term is commonly used as a synonym for historical fiction literature, it can also be applied to oth ...
''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...
'' appears, in Curtin's version, as ''The Pharaoh and the Priest'' by "Alexander Glovatski." Why the author's
pen name A pen name or nom-de-plume is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen name may be used to make the author's na ...
was dropped in favor of a
transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...
and distorted version of his private name, is not explained. Concerning the change of title, Curtin states laconically, at the end (p. viii) of his "Prefatory Remarks" (plagiarized from Prus' "Introduction", which also appears in the book), that "The title of this volume has been changed from 'The Pharaoh' to 'The Pharaoh and the Priest,' at the wish of the author." Curtin's English version of the novel is incomplete, lacking the striking epilog that closes the novel's sixty-seven chapters. If in Sienkiewicz's ''Rodzina Połanieckich'' Curtin rendered "''Monachium''" ( Polish for "
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
") as "Monachium" (which is meaningless in English), in Prus' ''Pharaoh'' (chapter 1) he renders "''Zatoka Sebenicka''" (" Bay of Sebennytos") as "Bay of Sebenico". Curtin's
translation Translation is the communication of the semantics, meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The English la ...
style may be gauged by comparing a 2020 rendering of a passage from chapter 49, with Curtin's version published in 1902. In this passage the protagonist, Prince Ramses, reproves the priest Pentuer, a scion of peasants: In Curtin's version: The Curtin version certainly illustrates the "thee"–"thou"
archaism In language, an archaism is a word, a sense of a word, or a style of speech or writing that belongs to a historical epoch beyond living memory, but that has survived in a few practical settings or affairs. lexicon, Lexical archaisms are single a ...
s discussed earlier. It also shows pure mistranslations: "peasants" as "laborers" and "toilers"; "murdered" as "killed"; "drew the Nile mud" as "dipped up muddy water from the Nile"; "cows" as "milch cows"; and most egregiously, "the lice-ridden of this world" (literally, in the original, "those whom lice bite") as "he... who bites lice."


Analysis of ''Memoirs''

The ''Memoirs'' of Jeremiah Curtin were published in 1940 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin from a manuscript presented to the society by Curtin's niece, Mrs. Walter J. Seifert, who made assurance that the material was to be credited to Curtin himself, although dictated to Mrs. Curtin, and " metimes she rewrote his matter several times". In spite of this, Professor Michal Jacek Mikos has demonstrated that the so-called ''Memoirs'' of Jeremiah Curtin were written not by Curtin himself but by his wife Alma Cardell Curtin from extracts from her own diaries and letters to her family.Shallcross, Bozena. Review of ''W pogoni za Sienkiewiczem'' ("Chasing Sienkiewicz") by Michal Jacek Mikos, ''Sarmatian Review'', XV:3, September 1995
/ref> Rybicki suggests that this raises the question as to the extent of Mrs. Curtin's contribution to the various works by her husband. While characterizing Curtin's translations as "mediocre", he suggests this might have been something of a collaborative effort by husband and wife. Rybicki compared the ''Memoirs'' with other Curtin works and found that the two books on the Mongols, written after Curtin's death, were stylistically more similar to the ''Memoirs'', while the Native American mythologies are least like the ''Memoirs''. Rybicki also found similarities in two translations: ''Przez stepy'' ("Lillian Morris") and ''Za chlebem'' (For Bread). Rybicki concludes, "the corrections she introduced could be quite far-reaching".


Works

*''Myths and Folk-lore of Ireland'', 1890. *''Myths and Folk-tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Magyars'', Little, Brown, and Company, 1890. *''Hero-Tales of Ireland'', 1894. *''Tales of the Fairies and of the Ghost World'', 1895. *''Creation Myths of Primitive America'', 1898. *''A Journey in Southern Siberia'', Little, Brown, and Company, 1909. *''Seneca Indian Myths'', 1922. *''The Mongols: A History'', Little, Brown, and Company. 1908. *''The Mongols in Russia'', Little, Brown, and Company. 1908. * ''Myths of the Modocs'', Sampsom Low, Marston & Compant, Ltd., 1912 * ''Supplement: Irish Folk-Tales''. 1942, edited by Séamus Ó Duilearga


Translations


Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...

* ''Quo Vadis'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz) * ''Yanko the Magician and Other Stories'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz), Little, Brown, and Company, 1893 * ''In Vain'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz), Little, Brown, and Company, 1899 * ''The Knights of the Cross'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz), Little, Brown, and Company, 1900 * ''The Argonauts'', (Eliza Orzeszkowa), 1901 * ''Children of the Soil'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz) * ''Hania'', (Henryk Sienkiewicz) * ''With Fire and Sword''


Bolesław Prus

* ''
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...
'' (as ''The Pharaoh and the Priest'') ("Alexander Glovatski"), 1902


See also

*
Jeremiah Curtin House The Jeremiah Curtin House is a stone building built in 1846. It was the boyhood home of noted American linguist and folklorist Jeremiah Curtin (1840-1906) and is part of the Trimborn Farm estate in Greendale, Wisconsin. The house is owned by the ...
*
Folkloristics Folklore studies (also known as folkloristics, tradition studies or folk life studies in the UK) is the academic discipline devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the ac ...
*
Translation Translation is the communication of the semantics, meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The English la ...


Notes


References

;Citations ;Bibliography * * Prus, Bolesław, ''Pharaoh'', translated from the Polish, with foreword and notes, by
Christopher Kasparek Christopher Kasparek (born 1945) is a Scottish-born writer of Polish descent who has translated works by numerous Polish authors, including Ignacy Krasicki, Bolesław Prus, Florian Znaniecki, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Marian Rejewski, and Wł ...
,
Amazon Kindle Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines, Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking ...
e-book An ebook (short for electronic book), also spelled as e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in electronic form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Al ...
, 2020, ASIN:BO8MDN6CZV. * *


External links

* * *
Analysis of Curtin's translation of "With Fire and Sword" by Henryk Sienkiewicz (in Polish)His memoirs
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Curtin, Jeremiah 1835 births 1906 deaths Writers from Detroit Harvard College alumni People from Greendale, Wisconsin Writers from Wisconsin American folklorists Collectors of fairy tales Irish folklorists Polish–English translators 19th-century American translators Russian–English translators