Jean Marchand, (December 20, 1918 – August 28, 1988) was a French Canadian public figure,

trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (s ...

ist and politician in

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...

, Canada.

Life and career

During the 1949 Asbestos Strike in

, Marchand led the striking workers as secretary of the Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada (CCCL). It was during this time that he met

Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( , ; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), also referred to by his initials PET, was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and ...

. Marchand was approached to be a Liberal candidate in the federal election of 1963, but disagreements scuttled a run that year. In the 1965 federal election, Marchand along with Gérard Pelletier and

, were persuaded to run as Liberal candidates. Dubbed the "Three Wise Men" in English, and ''les trois colombes'' (three doves) in French, they were seen as destined to shake Canadian politics. Trudeau and Pelletier were provided "safe" ridings in

Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...

while Marchand won a hard fight in

Quebec City Quebec City ( or ; french: Ville de Québec), officially Québec (), is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the Communauté métrop ...

for his riding. Marchand was given a post in the government of

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

Lester B. Pearson promptly after winning the election. Under Pearson, he was appointed

Minister of Citizenship and Immigration The minister of immigration, refugees and citizenship (french: Ministre de l'immigration, des réfugiés et de la citoyenneté) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The minister is responsible for Immigration, Refugees and Cit ...

, and later of Manpower and Immigration by Prime Minister Pearson. After Charles de Gaulle's infamous cry of "''

Vive le Québec Libre " (, 'Long live free Quebec!') was a phrase in a speech delivered by French President Charles de Gaulle in Montreal, Quebec on July 24, 1967, during an official visit to Canada for the Expo 67 world's fair. While giving an address to a large ...

''", the Cabinet met to decide the response. The French-speaking ministers, led by Jean Marchand, wanted Prime Minister Pearson to tell de Gaulle to go home. The English-speaking ministers, on the other hand, did not want to go that far: a public rebuke was sufficient. When Pearson retired in 1968, Marchand was seen as the most likely and strongest Quebec candidate to replace him as Liberal leader and Prime Minister. However, he declined, claiming that his English was not good enough. It then fell upon Trudeau to make a credible run by a French Canadian for the leadership of the Liberal party. Trudeau won the Liberal leadership and the 1968 federal election. Under Trudeau he held many senior portfolios. He was Minister of Forestry and Rural Development from 1968 to 1969,

Minister of Regional Economic Expansion Minister of Regional Economic Expansion was an office in the Cabinet of Canada from 1969 to 1990. On February 23, 1990 the position was merged into that of Minister of Industry, Science and Technology The minister of innovation, science, and ...

from 1969 to 1972, Minister of Transport from 1972 to 1975, a

Minister without portfolio A minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet ...

from 1975 to 1976, and Minister of the Environment in 1976. In October 1976, he resigned his

seat A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair (furniture), ...

in the House of Commons over a disagreement with the government's position regarding the use of the French language by air traffic controllers in Quebec. Presenting himself as an opponent of the separatist program of the

Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a Quebec sovereignty movement, sovereignist and social democracy, social democratic provincial list of political parties in Quebec, political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates Quebec sovereignty movement ...

, he stood as a

Quebec Liberal Party The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; french: Parti libéral du Québec, PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955. The QLP has always been associated with the colour red; e ...

candidate in the 1976 Quebec provincial election in the riding of Louis-Hébert but was defeated by Claude Morin of the PQ in an election that resulted in the Parti Québécois forming its first government. One month after his defeat, Marchand was appointed to the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the e ...

by Trudeau and became

Speaker of the Senate of Canada The speaker of the Senate of Canada (french: président du Sénat du Canada) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada. The speaker represents the Senate at official functions, rules on questions of parliamentary procedure and parliamentary ...

in 1980. He resigned from the upper house in December 1983 in order to accept an appointment as president of the

Canadian Transport Commission The Canadian Transport Commission (CTC) was Canada's first fully converged, multi-modal regulator. The body was created by Canada's Parliament on September 19, 1967, to assume the responsibilities of two bodies: the Board of Transport Commissioner ...

. Marchand was appointed a Companion of the

Order of Canada The Order of Canada (french: Ordre du Canada; abbreviated as OC) is a Canadian state order and the second-highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, after the Order of Merit. To coincide with the c ...

in 1986.

External links

*
Order of Canada CitationJean Marchand fonds, Library and Archives Canada
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marchand, Jean 1918 births 1988 deaths Canadian Ministers of Transport Companions of the Order of Canada Canadian senators from Quebec Liberal Party of Canada MPs Liberal Party of Canada senators Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada Quebec lieutenants Speakers of the Senate of Canada Trade unionists from Quebec Université Laval alumni Confédération des syndicats nationaux