Javanrud () is a city in the Central District of Javanrud County, Kermanshah province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The city is 79 kilometers north of Kermanshah and is 1,300 meters above sea level.

Etymology

The name of the city is derived from the Kurdish Javanrud tribe, which had formerly dominated the area, and which has now become almost fully urban.

History

During its early history, Javanrud was part of the loosely defined Ardalan province, the previous name of the present-day Kurdistan province. In 1909, its ''vali'' (governor) Aman-Allah Khan Ardalan () ordered the construction of a fortress named Qal'a-ye Javanrud on a small hill near the middle of the Javanrud. In the mid-1970s, Javanrud was added to the

Kermanshah province Kermanshah province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, bordering Iraq. Its capital is the city of Kermanshah. According to a 2014 segmentation by the Ministry of Interior (Iran), Ministry of Interior, it is the center of Regions of Iran ...

, later receiving its own sub-province in 1989.

Demographics

Language, ethnicity, and religion

The city is populated by

Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...

, from various tribal backgrounds, who adhere to

Sunni Islam Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr ...

. However, the Jaff tribe is the main tribe in the city. The two

Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...

branches Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya have a strong presence in the city as well. The locals speak Gorani,

Sorani Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish dialect or a language spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran. Central Kurdish is one of the ...

and Persian.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 43,104 in 9,591 households. The following census in 2011 counted 51,483 people in 13,043 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 54,354 people in 15,010 households.

Notes

References

Cities in Kermanshah province Populated places in Javanrud County Kurdish settlements in Kermanshah province {{Javanrud-geo-stub