Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a

rāga A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, fro ...

m (musical scale) in

Carnatic music Carnatic music (known as or in the Dravidian languages) is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and southern Odisha. It is o ...

. It is the 8th ''

melakarta Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales ( ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). ''Mēḷakartā'' ragas are parent ragas (hence known as ''janaka'' ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A ''melaka ...

m (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in '' prayoga'' (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in

Muthuswami Dikshitar Muthuswami Dikshitar (Mudduswamy Dikshitar) (, 24 March 1776 – 21 October 1835), mononymously Dikshitar, was a South Indian poet, singer, veena player, and a prolific composer of Indian classical music. He was the youngest member of what is re ...

school of Carnatic music.''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai Its Western equivalent is the

Phrygian mode : The Phrygian mode (pronounced ) can refer to three different musical modes: the ancient Greek ''tonos'' or ''harmonia,'' sometimes called Phrygian, formed on a particular set of octave species or scales; the medieval Phrygian mode, and the m ...

. Todi in Carnatic music is different from ''

Todi (thaat) Todi () is one of the ten basic thaats of Hindustani music from the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a raga within this thaat. Description Todi has Komal Rishab, Gandhar, and Dhaivat, as well as Teevra Madhyam. The Todi (raga), Todi ...

'' of

Hindustani music Hindustani classical music is the Indian classical music, classical music of the Indian subcontinent's northern regions. It may also be called North Indian classical music or ''Uttar Bhartiya shastriya sangeet''. The term ''shastriya sangeet'' ...

(North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga ''Todi'' in Carnatic music is ''

Shubhapantuvarali Shubhapantuvarali (pronounced , meaning ''the auspicious moon'') is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 45th '' melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is ...

'' (which is the 45th ''melakarta'').''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras The equivalent of Carnatic ''Todi'' in Hindustani is ''

Bhairavi Bhairavi () is a Hindu goddess, described as one of the Mahāvidyas, the ten avatars of the mother goddess. She is the consort of Bhairava ( a form of Shiva). Etymology The name ''Bhairavi'' means "terrifying" or "awe-inspiring". Iconogra ...

thaat'' in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd ''chakra Netra''. The mnemonic name is ''Netra-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gi ma pa dha ni''. Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music page for details on below notation and terms): * ārohaṇa : * avarohaṇa : This scale uses the notes ''shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham''. It is a ''sampoorna'' rāgam - rāgam having all 7 ''

swara Swara () or svara is an Indian classical music term that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, a note, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave, or ''saptanka''. More comprehensively ...

ms''. It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''

Bhavapriya Bhavapriya (meaning ''The one dear to Bhava (Shiva)'') is a ragam (musical scale) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). It is the 44th ''Melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Bhavā ...

'', which is the 44th ''melakarta'' scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

''Janya'' rāgams

''Hanumatodi'' has many ''

janya ''Janya'' is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a ''janya raga'' is one derived from one of the 72 '' melakarta'' ragas (fundamental melodic structures). ''Janya'' ragas are classified into various types based on a vari ...

'' rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which ''

Asaveri Asaveri (asāvēri) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''janya'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 8th ''melakarta'' scale '' Hanumatodi''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the ...

'', '' Janatodi'', ''

Dhanyasi Dhanyasi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''janya'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 8th ''melakarta'' scale ''Hanumatodi''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''swar ...

'', ''

Punnagavarali Punnagavarali, a raga in Carnatic Music, is a derived scale from Hanumatodi, which is the 8th melakarta Raga in the 72 melakarta system. Punnagavarali raga is associated with karuna rasa and snakes (''naga'' means snake). Snake charmers play ...

'' and ''Shuddha Seemanthini'' are popular. See List of ''janya'' rāgams for all of ''Todi's janyas''.

Popular compositions

Most composers have composed songs in ''Todi''.

Thyagaraja Sadguru Tyagaraja Swami ( Telugu: సద్గురు త్యాగరాజ స్వామి; 4 May 1767 – 6 January 1847), also known as Tyagayya, and in full as Kakarla Tyagabrahmam ( Telugu: కాకర్ల త్యాగబ ...

alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by

Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi Oothukkaadu Venkata Kavi (-1765) or Oottukkaadu Venkata Subramanyar was one of the pioneering composers in Indian classical Carnatic music. He lived in South India in the present-day state of Tamil Nadu. Also known by the name Oothukkaadu V ...

, is a very well known composition, in the

Tamil language Tamil (, , , also written as ''Tamizhil'' according to linguistic pronunciation) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. It is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world,. "Tamil is one of ...

. This popular ''

kriti Kriti may refer to: Art and entertainment * Kriti (music), a format of musical composition typical to Carnatic music * ''Kriti'' (film), a 2016 Indian Hindi-language short film * Kriti TV, Greek TV station People with the name * Kriti Bhar ...

'' is sung frequently in concerts. A popular ''

varnam Varṇam is a type of composition in the Carnatic music system that encapsulates the key features of a raga, and considered as a foundational element in the learning path. Varnams capture the essence of the ragam in terms of typical swara patt ...

'' in the ''Todi'' rāgam is ''Erā Nāpai'' by

Patnam Subramania Iyer Patnam Subramania Iyer (1845 – July 31, 1902) was a composer and singer of Carnatic music. Subramaniya Iyer followed the traditions of the great composer Tyagaraja. He has left behind almost one hundred compositions. Subramaniya Iyer was bor ...

, one of the famous composers of Carnatic music. Other popular compositions are: * ''Era Na Pai'' an

Adi tala {{Carnatic Adi tala (Sanskrit: ''ādi tāḷa'', Kannada: ಆದಿ ತಾಳ, literally "primary rhythm" also spelled aadi taalam or adi talam) is the name of one of the most popular tala or rhythms used in Carnatic Music Carnatic music ...

Varnam Varṇam is a type of composition in the Carnatic music system that encapsulates the key features of a raga, and considered as a foundational element in the learning path. Varnams capture the essence of the ragam in terms of typical swara patt ...

* ''Daani Samajendra'' and ''Saridisavasa'' ( Varnams) by

Swathi Thirunal Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a great musician and composer who has to his credit over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani st ...

* ''Kadhanu Variki'', ''Karuna Joodavamma'', ''Dachukovalena'', ''Thappi Brathiki'', ''Brindavana Lola'', ''Emani Mataditivo'', ''Enduku Dayaradhu'', ''Koti Nadulu'', ''Munnu Ravana'', ''Varidhi Neeku'', ''Proddupoyenu'', ''Emi Jesithe'', ''Dasarathi Nee Runamu'', ''Ninnu Vina Sukhamu'', ''Nee Daya Raavale'', ''Hariyanu Vari'', ''Re Manasa'', ''Aragimpave'', ''Raju Vedale'', ''Rukalu Padi'', ''Endu Daginado'', ''Chesinadella'', ''Ne Morabettite(Originally in Rupavati)'', ''Koluvamaregada'', ''Nee Vanti Daivamu Sadanana'', ''Vedalenu Kodandapani'' and ''Gathi Neevani'' by

* ''Sarasijanābha Murāre'', ''Japatha Japatha'', ''Deva Deva Mām Pālaya'', ''Mandara Dhara'', ''Pankajāksha Tava Sevam'', ''Samodam Kalayami'' and ''Pankajākshanam Ramesan'' by

* ''Shri Krishnam Bhaja Mānasa'', ''Dākshāyani'', ''Vedāranyeshvarāya Namaste'', ''Rāmāchandrāya Namaste'', ''Pālayamām Brihadeeshwari'', ''Shri Subramanyomām Rakshathu'' and ''Kamalāmbike Āshritha Kalpalathike'' by

* ''Kangalidyātako'' by

Sripadaraja Sripadaraja (; ) or Sripadaraya, also known by his pontifical name Lakshminarayana Tirtha, was a Hindu Dvaita philosopher, scholar and composer and the pontiff of the Madhvacharya mutt at Mulbagal. He is widely considered the founder of Har ...

* ''Thāye Yashodā'', ''Jatādhara'', ''Anjanānandām Bōdhi Chandra'' and ''Venugāna Ramanā'' by

Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi Oothukkaadu Venkata Kavi (-1765) or Oottukkaadu Venkata Subramanyar was one of the pioneering composers in Indian classical Carnatic music. He lived in South India in the present-day state of Tamil Nadu. Also known by the name Oothukkaadu V ...

* ''Enu Dhanyalo Lakumi'', ''Banda Nodi Govinda'', ''Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadeno'' by

Purandara Dasa Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa; (1470 – 1564) was a composer, singer and a Haridasa philosopher from present-day Karnataka, India. He was a follower of Madhwacharya, Madhvacharya's Dwaitha, Dvaita philosophy. He was one of the chi ...

* ''Sharadeye Karuna Varidhi'' by

Vijaya Dasa Vijaya Dasa () (c. 1682– c. 1755) was a prominent saint from the Haridasa tradition of Karnataka, India in the 18th century, and a scholar of the Dvaita philosophical tradition. Along with contemporary haridasa saints such as Gopala Dasa, ...

* ''Gajananam Ganapathim'' by

Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar (18 July 1919 – 23 September 1974), sometimes simply Jayachamaraja Wadiyar, was the twenty-fifth and last ruling Maharaja of Mysore, reigning from 1940 to 1950, who later served as the governor of Mysore until 1964 an ...

* ''Gajanana Yanuchu'' by Chinnikrishna Dasar * ''Gajavadana Sammoditha'' by Kumara Ettendra * ''Kārthikeya Gangeya'', ''Sadashiva Bhajaname'', ''Thanigai Valar'', ''Kunram Kudi Konda'' and ''Thamatham Yen Swami'' by

Papanasam Sivan Paapanaasam Raamayya Sivan (26 September 1890 – 1 October 1973) was an Indian composer of Carnatic music and a singer. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1971. He was also a film score composer in Kannada cinema a ...

* ''Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam'' by

Irayimman Thampi Iravivarman Thampi, better known as Irayimman Thampi (1782–1856), was an Indian Carnatic musician, music composer and poet from the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a vocalist in the court of Swathi Thirunal. His compositions include the lullab ...

* ''Alaya Vidudal'' by

Ambujam Krishna Ambujam Krishna (1917–1989) was a composer of Carnatic Kritis. She has composed more than 600 kritis in various Carnatic ragas. Personal life Ambujam Krishna is the daughter of K. V. Ranga Iyengar, an advocate of Madurai. She had her music ...

''Meenākshi Needu'' by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma) *

''Danike Tagu Janara'' by Shivanandam of the

Tanjore Quartet ''Thanjavur Quartet'' were four brothers, Chinnayya, Ponnayya (1804-1864),https://www.karnatik.com/co1375.shtml Sivanandam and Vadivelu, who lived during the early 19th century and contributed to the development of Bharatanatyam and Carnatic mu ...

''Roopamu Joochi'' by Tiruvarur Ramaswami Pillai *

''Kanakāngi'' in ''Ata'' tala by Pallavi Gopal Iyer * ''Kāmākshi Sada'' by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma) * ''Anjaneyam Ppasmahe'' by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya * ''Ninne Namminanu'' and ''Karunanidhi Ilalo'', two

Krithi A ''kriti'' () is a form of musical composition in the Carnatic music literature. The Sanskrit common noun ''Kriti'' means 'creation' or 'work'. A kriti forms the mental backbone of any typical Carnatic music concert and is the longer format o ...

s and ''Rave Himagiri Kumari,'' a

Swarajati Swarajati is a form in Carnatic music, which is helpful before learning a ''varnam''. It has '' pallavi'', sometimes an '' anupallavi'', and at least one '' charanam''. The themes of ''swarajathis'' are usually either ''bhakti'', love or courag ...

Shyama Shastri Syama Sastri ( Telugu : శ్యామ శాస్త్రి; ; 26 April 1762 – 1827) or Shyama Shastri was a musician and composer of Carnatic music. He was the oldest among the Trinity of Carnatic music, Tyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshi ...

* ''Notru Suvargam'', a

Thiruppavai The ''Tiruppavai'' () is a set of Tamil Hindu hymns attributed to the female poet-saint Andal. The ''Tiruppavai'' consists of thirty stanzas referred to as ''pasurams'' in praise of Perumal. It is a part of the ''Nalayira Divya Prabandham'', a ...

Andal Andal (ISO 15919: Āṇḍāḷ), also known as Godhai, Nachiyar, and Godha Devi, is the only female Alvars, Alvar. (Orthodoxy posits the number of Alvars as ten, though there are other references that include Andal and Madhurakavi Alvar, ...

tuned by

Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar (19 May 1890 – 23 January 1967), popularly known as ''Ariyakudi'', was a Carnatic music vocalist, born in Ariyakudi, a town in the present-day Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu. Ariyakudi developed a unique style of ...

*''Kali Theera'' by

Koteeswara Iyer Koteeswara Iyer (1869 - 1938), was a pioneer composer of Indian classical music Carnatic music. He was a grandson of Kavi Kunjara Bharati(1810–1896) attributing to a strong lineage of accomplished musicians. He was born in Nandhanur to Nagarat ...

* ''Sudha Nidhe Mamava Sadha'' and ''Mama Nini(Swaraksharam composition)'' by

Balamurali Krishna Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna (né Muralikrishna; 6 July 1930 – 22 November 2016) was an Indian Carnatic vocalist, musician, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer, and character actor. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sang ...

* ''Balimi Yela(

Javali Carnatic music (known as or in the Dravidian languages) is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and southern Odisha. It is o ...

)'' by

Pattabhiramayya Pattabhiramayya was a nineteenth-century composer of Carnatic music. He composed in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages. He was born in the village of Tiruppanandal near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, India. He composed many songs in the style of ''j ...

* ''Mosa Jese(

)'' by Chinnaiah of the

, sung today in Sindhubhairavi * ''Poosadharamu'' is a Padam by Govindaswamy Ayya * ''Yaar Poi Solluvaar and Ella Arumaigalum'' are Padams by

Ghanam Krishna Iyer Ghanam Krishna Iyer (1790–1854) was a composer of Carnatic music and was famous for his ''padams''. ''Padams'' are expressive songs of three or more stanzas, used generally as an accompaniment to classical dance. Krishna Iyer was a student of t ...

. He has also composed Krithis like ''Anname Naalum Nirnayame, Anname Naan Enna Seiven, Maname ennaalum, Mannanaar Valai, Nee Illaamal Vereyundo, Pacchilande Marappadunda, Thirukkanmaaleeshvarar, Vaaraaro Vandhu and Chaitanya Vigrahame'' * ''Kanyanivu Seyu/Ennitikani and Sudhinamayane'' are Padams by

Kshetrayya Kshetrayya (–1680) was a prolific Telugu poet. He lived in the area of Andhra Pradesh in South India. He composed a number of ''padams'' and ''keertanas'', the prevalent formats of his time. He is credited with more than 4000 compositions, ...

Film Songs

Language:

Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...

Language:
Tamil Tamil may refer to: People, culture and language * Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...

Related rāgams

''Todi's'' notes when shifted using ''

Graha bhedam ''Graha Bhedam'' in Carnatic music is the process (or result of the process) of shifting the Tonic (music), Tonic note (''Śruti (music), śruti'') to another note in the rāgam and arriving at a different rāgam. Its equivalent in Hindustani cl ...

'', yields 5 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''

Kalyani Kalyani may refer to: Film and television * ''Kalyani'' (1940 film), a Hindi film * ''Kalyani'' (1952 film), a Tamil film * ''Kalyani'' (1971 film), a Kannada film * ''Kalyani'' (1979 film), a Telugu film * ''Kalyani'' (1983 film), an Oriya ...

'', '' Shankarabharanam'', ''

Natabhairavi Naṭabhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 20th ''melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. It corresponds to the Natural minor scale (alias Aeolian mode) of western mus ...

'', ''

Kharaharapriya Kharaharapriya is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 22nd ''melakarta'' rāga (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāga system. It is possible that the name of the ragam was originally ''Harapriya'' but it was changed to conform to the Kat ...

'' and ''

Harikambhoji Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th ''Melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. One of the first scales employed ...

''. For further details and an illustration of ''graha bhedam'' of this rāgam refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.

Notes

References

{{Janya, state=collapsed Melakarta ragas