The is a type of

2-8-0 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. ...

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, Fuel oil, oil or, rarely, Wood fuel, wood) to heat ...

built by

Japanese Government Railways The Japanese Government Railways (JGR) was the national rail transport, railway system directly operated by the until 1949. It was a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the later Japan Railways Group. Name The English name "Japanese ...

(JGR, after-day

Japanese National Railways The , abbreviated JNR or , was the business entity that operated Japan's national railway network from 1949 to 1987. Network Railways As of June 1, 1949, the date of establishment of JNR, it operated of narrow gauge () railways in all 46 pre ...

(JNR)) from 1913. The Class 9600 was the first type of locomotive to be mass-produced by Japanese manufacturers. The Class 9600 were popularly known as ''Kyuroku'' (nine-six), and were extensively used for freight service throughout Japan. They were numbered 9600-9699, 19600-19699, 29600-29699, 39600-39699, 49600-49699, 59600-59699, 69600-69699 and 79600-79669. All 770 remained in service until the 2nd of March 1976, when all steam-hauled service on JNR's network has been phased out.

Service outside Japan

Taiwan Railways Administration DT580

From 1923 to 1939, Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, Nippon Sharyō, and

Hitachi () is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company is active in various industries, including digital systems, power and renewable ener ...

built 39 9600s for the Government General of Taiwan. The Taiwan Government Railway classified them 800 class before 1937, and they were classified D98 after 1937. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, they were taken over by

Taiwan Railways Administration Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated Taiwan Railway from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight Rail transport, railway services on of track. Pa ...

, and they were classified DT580. One engine, DT619, is being rebuilt by combining parts of scrapped locomotives after the war.

China Railway class KD5/KD55

To alleviate a severe motive power shortage on the

Central China Railway The Central China Railway (Japanese: 華中鉄道株式会社, ''Kachū Tetsudō Kabushiki Kaisha''; Chinese: 華中鐵道股份有限公司, ''Huázhōng Tiědào Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī'') was a railway company in Japanese-occupied China esta ...

, JNR locomotives were converted from Japanese narrow gauge to standard gauge and shipped to China. 251 Class 9600 locomotives were sent for use on both the Central China Railway and the

North China Transportation Company The North China Transportation Company (華北交通株式会社, Japanese: ''Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha'', Chinese: ''Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè'') was a transportation company in the territory of the collaborationist Provisio ...

(NCTC class ソリコ (Soriko)); after the

Pacific War The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast As ...

, these became

China Railway China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., doing business as China Railway (CR), is the national passenger and freight railroad corporation of the China, People's Republic of China. China Railway operates passenger and freight Rail transport in Chi ...

class KD5. Others were rebuilt to metre gauge for operation on

Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

's Kunming–Hekou Railway and its branches; these eventually became China Railway class KD55.中国蒸汽機車世紀集影 (Centennial Collection of Chinese Steam Locomotives), China Railway Publishing House, July 2001, (in Chinese)

Preserved examples

, 43 Class 9600 locomotives are preserved at various locations in Japan. There had previously been more locomotives of the class preserved across the country, however the number of which had started drastically decreasing over the following years due to multiple allegations and negligent practices towards historic preserved steam locomotives in Japan. Number 39685, built in 1920, has been preserved outdoors in Chuo-ku, Saitama since 1972, but was removed and cut up in September 2016 due to the prohibitive cost of restoration. Number 29657, built in 1919, had been preserved and used for the Morimon Onsen SL Land hotel in the

Niigata Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture in the Chūbu region of Honshu of Japan. Niigata Prefecture has a population of 2,131,009 (1 July 2023) and is the List of Japanese prefectures by area, fifth-largest prefecture of Japan by geographic area ...

of Uonuma City in 1979. But in 1998, the SL Hotel business was discontinued and the engine and its consist were left as an outdoor static display artifact for the public to view upclose. Though in 2015, it was abandoned after the Morimon Onsen Seiunkan closed in March of that same year. One of the two passenger carriages that was used for the hotel was removed sometime before or during 2014. In 2022, however, the 29657 and the last coach were unceremoniously scrapped on-site years later. Recently as of April 22nd, 2024, number 19633, built in 1917, which was previously on display outdoors near the Wakamatsu Station in the

Fukuoka Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Fukuoka Prefecture has a population of 5,109,323 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,986 Square kilometre, km2 (1,925 sq mi). Fukuoka Prefecture borders ...

Kitakyushu City is a Cities of Japan, city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2019, Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978, making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fuk ...

, since 1989, which was allegedly reported to have been bought and thought to have been moved to its new location in 2020 near the Yamaguchi Yuya Fukutaro food corporation in Soeda Town, was scrapped after being left exposed to the weather elements, deteriorating, and neglected for many years without much cosmetic maintenance.

Taiwan

* DT609: Preserved at the

Takao Railway Museum The Takao Railway Museum () is a museum in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. History The museum was formerly the Kaohsiung Harbor Station, built during the Japanese period. Then called the , the station was the first railway station in Ka ...

. File:Kaohsiung Taiwan Steam-Locomotice-DT-609-01.jpg, DT609, one of 39 locomotives of the DT580 Class (based on the 9600 Class steam locomotives from Japan) preserved in

Kaohsiung Kaohsiung, officially Kaohsiung City, is a special municipality located in southern Taiwan. It ranges from the coastal urban center to the rural Yushan Range with an area of . Kaohsiung City has a population of approximately 2.73 million p ...

, Taiwan

China

* KD5 373: Preserved at the

China Railway Museum The China Railway Museum () is a Chinese museum preserving locomotives that have operated on the railways of the People's Republic of China. The museum offers a total exhibition space of and eight exhibition tracks. The museum is located in ...

. * KD55 579: Preserved at the China Railway Museum. * KD55 583: Preserved at the Yunnan Railway Museum. File:KD5-373_in_China_Railway_Museum.JPG, KD5-373 preserved at the China Railway Museum File:KD55-579 in China Railway Museum 02.JPG, KD55-579 preserved at the China Railway Museum File:Yunnan Railway Museum - rolling stock - P1340785.JPG, KD55-583 preserved at the Yunnan Railway Museum

Japan

The rest are all in Japan. Number 29612 was moved from Shime,

in 2015 to be preserved at

Bungo-Mori Roundhouse was a railway roundhouse located to the east of Bungo-mori Station on the Kyūdai Main Line in Kusu, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. The roundhouse and its turntable, which operated from 1934 to 1971, were designated as a National Tangible Cultural ...

in Kusu, Oita Prefecture. File:JNR-9608.JPG, 9608 preserved at

Ome Railway Park The is a railway museum in Ōme, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1962, and is operated by the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation, a foundation established by East Japan Railway Company. Exhibits Seven steam locomotives, one electric locomotive an ...

File:39685 9600 steam locomotive 01.jpg, 39685 preserved in Saitama File:JNR 49643.JPG, 49643 preserved in Abashiri, Hokkaido File:JNR 59601.JPG, 59601 preserved in Nayoro, Hokkaido

References

{{CCRloco Railway locomotives introduced in 1913 2-8-0 locomotives 2′D h2 locomotives Steam locomotives of Japan Steam locomotives of China Steam locomotives of Taiwan 1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan Standard-gauge locomotives of China Narrow-gauge steam locomotives of China Metre-gauge steam locomotives Freight locomotives Kawasaki locomotives Kisha Seizo locomotives