''Ischnocolus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

tarantulas Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the Family (biology), family Theraphosidae. , 1,100 species have been identified, with 166 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Therap ...

that was first described by

Anton Ausserer Anton Ausserer (5 July 184320 July 1889)Maurer, Ferdinand: ''Nachruf an Dr. Anton Ausserer.'' Programm des kk. acad. Gymnasiums in Grätz. Graz 1890 was an Austrian natural history, naturalist specialising in spiders.Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographi ...

in 1871. This

tarantula Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,100 species have been identified, with 166 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although ...

genus includes some of the smallest in the family.

Diagnosis

Males of this genus can be distinguished by the

palpal bulb The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often descr ...

morphology, which owns a slightly bent apical end. Females can be distinguished by the morphology of the

spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced : spermathecae ), also called ''receptaculum seminis'' (: ''receptacula seminis''), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. ants, bees, some molluscs, Oligochaeta worms and certain other in ...

, which is made up of two twisted receptacles.

Species

it contains eight species, found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

: *'' Ischnocolus elongatus'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1873) –

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

*'' Ischnocolus hancocki'' Smith, 1990 – Morocco *''

Ischnocolus ignoratus ''Ischnocolus'' is a genus of Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. This tarantula genus includes some of the smallest in the family. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the palpal bulb ...

'' Guadanucci & Wendt, 2014 –

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

*''

Ischnocolus jickelii ''Ischnocolus jickelii'' is a small, old-world tarantula. It is found in Aden, Djibouti, Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates and Somalia. It was first described by Ludwig Koch in 1875. In 1890, French arachnologist Eugène Simon described ''Chaeto ...

'' L. Koch, 1875 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

Djibouti Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area ...

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

, Saudi Arabia,

Oman Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman’s coastline ...

United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...

*''

Ischnocolus mogadorensis ''Ischnocolus'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. This tarantula genus includes some of the smallest in the family. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the palpal bulb morphology, wh ...

'' Simon, 1909 - Morocco, Western

Sahara The Sahara (, ) is a desert spanning across North Africa. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the list of deserts by area, third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Ar ...

*''

Ischnocolus rubropilosus ''Ischnocolus'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. This tarantula genus includes some of the smallest in the family. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the palpal bulb morphology, wh ...

'' Keyserling, 1891 –

*''

Ischnocolus tomentosus ''Ischnocolus'' is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. This tarantula genus includes some of the smallest in the family. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the palpal bulb morphology, wh ...

'' Thorell, 1899 –

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

, Congo *''

Ischnocolus valentinus ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' is a small, Old World tarantula. It is found in Spain, Sicily, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Western Sahara. It is the only species of true tarantula to occur in continental Europe, and one of two to occur in Eu ...

'' (Dufour, 1820) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) –

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

(

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

*''

Ischnocolus vanandelae ''Ischnocolus vanandelae'' is a tarantula species in the ''Ischnocolus'' genus, it is found in Oman, and Iran, it was first described in 2020 by Vivian M. Montemor, Rick C. West, Alireza Zamani. This spider is named after Mrs. Priscilla M. J. van A ...

'' Montemor, West & Zamani, 2020 – Oman,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

In synonymy

*''I. adenensis'' (Simon, 1890) = ''Ischnocolus jickelii'' L. Koch, 1875 *''I. africanus'' (Ausserer, 1875) = ''Ischnocolus elongatus'' (Simon, 1873) *''I. algericus'' Thorell, 1875 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. andalusiacus'' (Simon, 1873) = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. cavicola'' (Simon, 1889) = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. fuscostriatus'' Simon, 1885 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. holosericeus'' L. Koch, 1871 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. maroccanus'' (Simon, 1873) = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. mogadorensis'' Simon, 1909 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. numidus'' Simon, 1909 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. triangulifer'' Ausserer, 1871 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820) *''I. tripolitanus'' Caporiacco, 1937 = ''Ischnocolus valentinus'' (Dufour, 1820)

Nomina dubia In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium,'' it may be impossible to determine whether a ...

Transferred to other genera

References