''Isbrueckerichthys'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
armored catfishes native to
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...
.
Taxonomy
''Isbrueckerichthys'' was erected in 1996 for ''Pareiorhaphis duseni'' and ''Pareiorhaphis alipionis'', which were transferred to the new genus.
''I. epakmos'' was described in 2003.
''I. calvus'' and ''I. saxicola'' were described in 2006.
Species
There are currently five recognized species in this genus:
* ''
Isbrueckerichthys alipionis
''Isbrueckerichthys alipionis'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At a ...
''
( Gosline, 1947)
* ''
Isbrueckerichthys calvus
''Isbrueckerichthys calvus'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Tibagi River
The Tibagi River (Portuguese, ''Rio Tibagi'', also spelled ''Tibagy'' and ''Tibají'') is a river of Paraná state in southern ...
''
Jerep, Shibatta, E. H. L. Pereira & Oyakawa, 2006
* ''
Isbrueckerichthys duseni
''Isbrueckerichthys duseni'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and ...
''
( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907)
* ''
Isbrueckerichthys epakmos
''Isbrueckerichthys epakmos'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and ...
''
E. H. L. Pereira & Oyakawa, 2003
* ''
Isbrueckerichthys saxicola
''Isbrueckerichthys saxicola'' is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Tibagi River
The Tibagi River (Portuguese, ''Rio Tibagi'', also spelled ''Tibagy'' and ''Tibají'') is a river of Paraná state in sou ...
''
Jerep, Shibatta, E. H. L. Pereira & Oyakawa, 2006
Distribution
Three species of ''Isbrueckerichthys'' are thought to be
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...
to the
Ribeira de Iguape River basin: ''I. duseni'' from the upper reaches of that basin in
Paraná State Paraná, Paranã or Parana may refer to:
Geology
*Paraná Basin, a sedimentary basin in South America
Places In Argentina
*Paraná, Entre Ríos, a city
* Paraná Department, a part of Entre Ríos Province
* Paraná, Buenos Aires, a settlement ...
, ''I. alipionis'' from the
Betari River, a tributary of rio Ribeira de Iguape, and ''I. epakmos'' from a tributary of the
Juquiá River in
São Paulo State
SAO or Sao may refer to:
Places
* Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD
* Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso
* Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U. ...
.
Both ''I. calvus'' and ''I. saxicola'' were collected in headwater streams of
Tibagi River
The Tibagi River ( Portuguese, ''Rio Tibagi'', also spelled ''Tibagy'' and ''Tibají'') is a river of Paraná state in southern Brazil. It is a tributary of the Paranapanema River.
See also
* List of rivers of Paraná
* List of tributaries ...
of the
Paranapanema River
The Paranapanema River ( Portuguese, ''Rio Paranapanema'') is one of the most important rivers of the interior of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The river forms most of the boundary between the states of São Paulo and Paraná.
Course
From ...
basin in Paraná State of Brazil. ''I. saxicola'' is only known from the headwater of
ribeirão Jacutinga, in low Tibagi River basin. ''I. calvus'' is only known from
córrego Juruba and
ribeirão Água dos Oito, affluents of the
Taquara River of the Tibagi River basin.
Description
''Isbrueckerichthys'' is composed of small- to medium-sized species up to 90.2 millimetres (3.55 in)
SL.
These fish have a
dorsal fin
A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through c ...
with one spine and seven branched rays, and a
caudal peduncle
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...
ovoid
An oval () is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.) it is given a more precise definition, which may include either one o ...
in
cross-section.
''I. alipionis'' is the only species in which the teeth of the
dentary
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone ...
and
premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has ...
are without a lateral
cusp.
''I. epakmos'' is the only species in which mature males have a clump of hypertrophied odontodes only on the anterior portion of snout; in the other species, odontodes are also present on the lateral margins of the head.
The most distinctive features of ''I. epakmos'' are the anterior portion of head ornamented with a large and
rugose
Rugose means "wrinkled". It may refer to:
* Rugosa, an extinct order of coral, whose rugose shape earned it the name
* Rugose, adjectival form of rugae
Species with "rugose" in their names
* ''Idiosoma nigrum'', more commonly, a black rugose trap ...
soft fleshy area and the presence of a clump of hypertrophied
odontode
Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structures found on the external surfaces of animals or near internal openings. They consist of a soft pulp surrounded by dentine and covered by a mineralized substance such as enamel, a structure similar to th ...
s located only on anterior portion of snout, usually short and thick, directed forward or slightly upward on adult males.
''I. duseni'' has a short
pectoral fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as ...
spine and a long caudal peduncle (over a third of the body length), while the remaining two species, ''I. calvus'' and ''I. saxicola'', have long pectoral fin spines and a short caudal peduncle (about a quarter to less than a third of the body length). ''I saxicola'' exhibits minute abdominal platelets with much more than six odontodes, a plated area under the first three plates of the lateral line, an exposed portion of
cleithrum
The cleithrum (plural cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with " cl ...
bordering all the posterior margin of the opercular opening on lateral side of the body, and an exposed surface of supraoccipital flat or slightly convex. On the other hand, ''I. calvus'' has minute abdominal platelets with at most six odontodes, a nude area under the first three plates of the lateral line, an unexposed cleithrum, or when exposed, bordering just the superior portion of posterior margin of the opercular opening on lateral side of the body, and an exposed surface of supraoccipital strongly convex, with an area without odontodes at the center.
Ecology
Species of this genus are commonly found in small to medium headwater streams with clear, fast running, and well-oxygenated water, where the bottom is composed of rocks, boulders, and sometimes gravel.
They are not tolerant to polluted or not oxygenated waters.
The
holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of seve ...
of ''I. epakmos'' is from the
Verde River
The Verde River (Yavapai: Haka'he:la) is a major tributary of the Salt River in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is about long and carries a mean flow of at its mouth. It is one of the largest perennial streams in Arizona.
Description
The riv ...
; it is a small stream with clear water and moderate to strong current, with loose stones and, in some places, sand on the bottom.
The
type locality
Type locality may refer to:
* Type locality (biology)
* Type locality (geology)
See also
* Local (disambiguation)
* Locality (disambiguation)
{{disambiguation ...
of ''I. saxicola'' is a small creek located near the urban area of
Londrina
Londrina (, literally "Little London") is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná, South Region, Brazil, and is away from the state capital, Curitiba. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern regi ...
city, flowing through a landscape of mixed open fields and riparian vegetation, sometimes with a very degraded margin. Grass or other vegetation is usually present on the margins. The stream bottom is rocky, with small to medium-sized rocks, loose stones and gravel; sometimes with sand and mud on the small pools bottom. The water is clear to turbid and moderate to strong flowing. The fishes are usually found on the bottom among rocks and stones.
The type locality where some specimens of ''I calvus'' were collected is a small creek of rural region, flowing through a landscape of mixed open field, riparian vegetation and forest, sometimes with a very degraded margin. Like in the habitat of ''I. saxicola'', vegetation is usually present on the margins, and the stream bottom is similar. The fishes were usually found along the bottom among rocks and stones, just under small waterfalls.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6079157
Loricariidae
Fish of South America
Fauna of Brazil
Catfish genera
Freshwater fish genera