The NATO Integrated Air Defense System (short: NATINADS) is a

command and control Command and control (abbr. C2) is a "set of organizational and technical attributes and processes ... hatemploys human, physical, and information resources to solve problems and accomplish missions" to achieve the goals of an organization or e ...

network combining radars and other facilities spread throughout the

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

alliance's

air defence Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based ...

forces. It formed in the mid-1950s and became operational in 1962 as NADGE. It has been constantly upgraded since its formation, notably with the integration of

Airborne Early Warning Airborne or Airborn may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Airborne'' (1962 film), a 1962 American film directed by James Landis * ''Airborne'' (1993 film), a comedy–drama film * ''Airborne'' (1998 film), an action film sta ...

aircraft in the 1970s. The

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

maintained its own network, but was fully integrated with the network since the introduction of the

Linesman/Mediator Linesman/Mediator was a dual-purpose civil and military radar network in the United Kingdom between the 1960s and 1984. The military side (Linesman) was replaced by the Improved United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment (IUKADGE), while the ...

network in the 1970s. Similarly, the German network maintained an independent nature through GEADGE.

Development

Development was approved by the NATO Military Committee in December 1955. The system was to be based on four air defense regions (ADRs) coordinated by SACEUR (Supreme Allied Commander Europe). Starting from 1956 early warning coverage was extended across

Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...

using 18 radar stations. This part of the system was completed by 1962. Linked to existing national radar sites the coordinated system was called the NATO Air Defence Ground Environment (NADGE). From 1960 NATO countries agreed to place all their air defence forces under the command of SACEUR in the event of war. These forces included command & control (C2) systems, radar installations, and Surface-to-Air (SAM) missile units as well as interceptor aircraft. By 1972 NADGE was converted into NATINADS consisting of 84 radar sites and associated Control Reporting Centers (CRC) and in the 1980s the Airborne Early Warning / Ground Environment Integration Segment (AEGIS) upgraded the NATINADS with the possibility to integrate the AWACS radar picture and all of its information into its visual displays. (NOTE: This AEGIS is not to be confused with the U.S.Navy

AEGIS The aegis ( ; grc, αἰγίς ''aigís''), as stated in the ''Iliad'', is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a d ...

, a shipboard fire control radar and weapons system.) AEGIS processed the information through Hughes H5118ME computers, which replaced the H3118M computers installed at NADGE sites in the late 1960s and early 1970s. NATINADS ability to handle data increased with faster clock rates. The H5118M computer had a staggering 1 megabyte of memory and could handle 1.2 million instructions per second while the former model had a memory of only 256 kilobytes and a clock speed of 150,000 instructions per seconds. NATINADS/AEGIS were complemented, in West Germany by the German Air Defence Ground Environment (GEADGE), an updated radar network adding the southern part of Germany to the European system and Coastal Radar Integration System (CRIS), adding data links from Danish coastal radars. In order to counter the hardware obsolescence, during the mid-1990s NATO started the AEGIS Site Emulator (ASE) program allowing the NATINADS/AEGIS sites to replace the proprietary hardware (the 5118ME computer and the various operator consoles IDM-2, HMD-22, IDM-80) with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) servers and workstations. In the first years 2000, the initial ASE capability was expanded with the possibility to run, thanks to the new hardware power, multiple site emulators on the same hardware, so the system was renamed into Multi-AEGIS Site Emulator (MASE). The NATO system designed to replace MASE in the near future is the Air Command and Control System (ACCS). Because of changing politics, NATO expanding and financial crises most European (NATO) countries are trying to cut defence budgets; as a direct result, many obsolete and outdated NATINADS facilities are phased out earlier. As of 2013, operational NATO radar sites in Europe are as follows:

Allied Air Command

Allied Air Command The Allied Air Command (AIRCOM) is the central command of all NATO air and space forces and the Commander Allied Air Command is the prime air and space advisor to the Alliance. When directed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), it pr ...

(AIRCOM) is the central command of all

air force An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an ar ...

s on the European continent. The command is based at

Ramstein Air Base Ramstein Air Base or Ramstein AB is a United States Air Force base in Rhineland-Palatinate, a state in southwestern Germany. It serves as headquarters for the United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA) and al ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...

and has two subordinate commands in Germany and Spain. The

Royal Canadian Air Force The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; french: Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environ ...

and United States Air Force fall under command of the

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

/American

North American Aerospace Defense Command North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD ), known until March 1981 as the North American Air Defense Command, is a combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and protection ...

. *

, at

, Germany ** CAOC Torrejón, at Torrejón Air Base, Spain - responsible for the airspace South of the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, ...

*** Albania: Air Surveillance Centre, at

Tirana International Airport Tirana ( , ; aln, Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea ...

*** Bulgaria: Air Sovereignty Operations Centre, in

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. ...

*** Croatia: Airspace Surveillance Centre, in Podvornica *** Greece: Air Operations Centre, at Larissa Air Base *** Italy: National Air and Space Operations Centre, in Poggio Renatico *** Montenegro: Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre, at Podgorica Airport *** Portugal: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Monsanto The Monsanto Company () was an American agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation founded in 1901 and headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Monsanto's best known product is Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide, developed i ...

*** Romania: Air Operations Center, in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north ...

*** Slovenia: Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik *** Spain: Air Operations Centre, in Torrejón **** Central Command and Control Group, at Torrejón Air Base **** Northern Command and Control Group, at

Zaragoza Air Base Zaragoza Air Base is a base of the Spanish Air and Space Force located near Zaragoza, Spain. It is located west of Zaragoza, west of Barcelona, and northeast of Madrid. It shares infrastructure with the Zaragoza Airport. in the past, Zarago ...

*** Turkey: Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel ** CAOC Uedem, in Uedem, Germany - responsible for the airspace North of the

*** Baltic Air Surveillance Network - Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre, in Karmėlava **** Estonia: Air Operations Control Centre, at Ämari Air Base **** Latvia: Air Operations Centre, at

Lielvārde Air Base Lielvārde is a military air base in Rembate Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It is located north of Lielvārde and southeast of Riga. It was built in 1969 for an attack aircraft regiment. In spring 1980, the 899th ...

**** Lithuania: Airspace Control Centre, in Karmėlava *** Belgium: Control and Reporting Centre, at

Beauvechain Air Base Beauvechain Air Base is a Belgian Air Component military airfield in Belgium, located south of Beauvechain in Wallonia (Walloon Brabant Province); east-southeast of Brussels. It is home to the 1st Wing, operating A109BA helicopters, and the ...

*** Czech Republic: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Hlavenec Hlavenec is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it i ...

*** Denmark: Control and Reporting Centre, at Karup Air Base *** France: Control and Reporting Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Germany: Air Operations Centre, in Uedem **** Control and Reporting Centre 2, in Erndtebrück **** Control and Reporting Centre 3, in Schönewalde *** Hungary: Air Operations Centre, in

Veszprém Veszprém (; german: Weißbrunn, sl, Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county ( comitatus or 'megye') o ...

*** Iceland: Control and Reporting Centre, at Keflavik Air Base *** Luxembourg: airspace controlled by Belgium's Control and Reporting Centre, at Beauvechain Air Base *** Netherlands: Control and Reporting Centre, in

Nieuw-Milligen Nieuw-Milligen is a hamlet in the municipality of Apeldoorn in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands. Nieuw-Milligen is best known for Air Operations Control Station Nieuw-Milligen, a military air traffic control centre in the Netherlands. T ...

*** Norway: Control and Reporting Centre, in Sørreisa *** Poland: Air Operations Centre, in Warsaw- Pyry **** 22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec **** 32nd Command and Control Centre, in Balice *** Slovakia: Air Operations Centre, at

Sliač Air Base Sliač ( hu, Szliács) is a small spa town located in central Slovakia, on the Hron river, between Banská Bystrica and Zvolen. The town is known for its healing hot springs and for an airport which has been used for military as well as civil pur ...

*** United Kingdom: Control and Reporting Centre, at

RAF Boulmer Royal Air Force Boulmer or RAF Boulmer is a Royal Air Force station near Alnwick in Northumberland, England, and is home to Aerospace Surveillance and Control System (ASACS) Force Command, Control and Reporting Centre (CRC) Boulmer. The School ...

Radar stations

Albania

The

Albanian Air Force The Albanian Air Force ( sq, Forca Ajrore e Republikës së Shqipërisë - Air Force of the Republic of Albania) is the air force of Albania and one of the branches of the Albanian Armed Forces. History Early history In 1914 the government ...

operates Lockheed Martin AN/TPS-77 radars.

Belgium

The

Belgian Air Component The Belgian Air Component ( nl, Luchtcomponent, french: Composante air) is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces, and until January 2002 it was officially known as the Belgian Air Force ( nl, Belgische Luchtmacht; french: Force aérienne bel ...

's Control and Reporting Centre was based at Glons, where also its main radar was located. The radar was deactivated in 2015 and the Centre moved to Beauvechain Air Base in 2020. The Belgian Control and Reporting Centre reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany and is also responsible for guarding the airspace of

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small land ...

. At the new location the Control and Reporting Centre uses digital radar data of the civilian radars of Belgocontrol and the Marconi S-723 radar of the Air Component's Air Traffic Control Centre in Semmerzake.

Bulgaria

The

Bulgarian Air Force The Bulgarian Air Force ( bg, Военновъздушни сили, Voennovazdushni sili) is one of the three branches of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and ...

's Air Sovereignty Operations Centre is located in

and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The Bulgarian Air Force fields three control and surveillance zones, which operate obsolete

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

-era radars. The Bulgarian Air Force intends to replace these radars with fewer, but more capable Western 3-D radars as soon as possible. The future locations of the new radars are as of 2018 unknown. * Joint Forces Command, in

** Air Sovereignty Operational Center (ASOC), in Sofia *** Base Operative Center (part of 3rd Air Base),

Graf Ignatievo Air Base Graf Ignatievo Air Base is located in the village of Graf Ignatievo, about north of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest city. It is the sole remaining fighter base of that state and houses two squadrons of jet aircraft. Early years Graf Ign ...

, operational control of fighter aviation *** Command, Control and Surveillance Base, in Sofia **** 1st Control and Surveillance Zone, in

Bozhurishte Bozhurishte ( bg, Божурище ) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is the administrative center of Bozhurishte Municipality in Sofia Province; close to Kostinbrod and the capital Sofia. The old airport of Sofia, now a military one, is ne ...

Sofia Province Sofia Province ( bg, Софийска област, translit=Sofiyska oblast) is a province (''oblast'') of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains its administrative center. The province borders on t ...

**** 2nd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Trud,

Plovdiv Province Plovdiv Province ( bg, Област Пловдив: ''Oblast Plovdiv'', former name okrug, Plovdiv okrug) is a provinces of Bulgaria, province in central southern Bulgaria. It comprises 18 municipalities (общини, ''obshtini'', sing. общ ...

**** 3rd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Bratovo,

Burgas Province Burgas Province ( bg, Област Бургас, translit=Oblast Burgas, formerly the Burgas okrug) is a province in southeastern Bulgaria, including the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The province is named after its administrative and indus ...

Canada

The Royal Canadian Air Force's control centres and radar stations are part of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Croatia

The

Croatian Air Force and Air Defense The Croatian Air Force ( hr, Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo or HRZ) is a branch of the Croatian Armed Forces whose primary task is to ensure the sovereignty of the airspace of the Republic of Croatia and to provide aviation support to other branc ...

's Airspace Surveillance Centre is headquartered in Podvornica and reports to CAOC Torrejón. * Air Force and Air Defense Command ** Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion, at

91st Air Force Base Zagreb Franjo Tuđman Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Franjo Tuđman Zagreb) or Zagreb Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Zagreb) () is an international airport serving Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest and busiest airport in Croatia. In 2019 it handled 3 ...

(

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Sl ...

- Pleso) *** Airspace Surveillance Centre, in Podvornica *** Sector Operational Centre, in

Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, entertain ...

*** Mount Sljeme Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T *** Borinci Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T *** Papuk Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T ***

Učka The Učka ([], it, Monte Maggiore) is a mountain range in western Croatia. It rises behind the Opatija riviera, on the eastern side of the Istrian peninsula. It forms a single morphological unit together with the Ćićarija range which stretche ...

Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T *** Mount Rota, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T

Czech Republic

The

Czech Air Force "The air is our sea" , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = , decorations = , battle_honours = , battle_honours_label = , flying_hours = , websi ...

's Control and Reporting Centre is located in Hlavenec and reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Command, in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

** 26th Air Command, Control and Surveillance Regiment, in Stará Boleslav *** 261st Control and Reporting Centre (CRC), in Hlavenec *** 262nd Radiotechnical Battalion, in Hlavenec **** 1st Radiotechnical Company, in

Nepolisy Nepolisy (german: Nepolis) is a municipality and village in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically ...

, with RAT-31DL **** 4th Radiotechnical Company, in Sokolnice, with RAT-31DL *** 263nd Support Battalion, in Hlavenec **** Reserve Control and Reporting Centre, in Větrušice

Denmark

The

Royal Danish Air Force The Royal Danish Air Force ( da, Flyvevåbnet, lit=The Flying weapon) (RDAF) is the aerial warfare force of The Kingdom of Denmark and one of the four branches of the Danish Defence. Initially being components of the Army and the Navy, it was ...

Combined Air Operations Centre Combined Air Operations Centres (CAOCs) are multinational headquarters for tactical and operational control of NATO Air Forces below the Joint Force Command level''. They operate within the NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATINADS) framework ...

(CAOC 1) in Finderup was deactivated in 2008 and replaced at the same location by the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F), which had responsibility for the airspaces of

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

and the

. CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany. The national Danish Control and Reporting Centre is located at Karup Air Base and it reports to CAOC Uedem. The

Thule Air Base Thule Air Base (pronounced or , kl, Qaanaaq Mitarfik, da, Thule Lufthavn), or Thule Air Base/Pituffik Airport , is the United States Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces, located north o ...

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is ...

is a United States Air Force installation and its radars are part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command. * Air Force Tactical Command, at Karup Air Base ** Air Control Wing, at Karup Air Base *** Control and Reporting Centre, at Karup Air Base *** Radar Station Skagen, in

Skagen Skagen () is Denmark's northernmost town, on the east coast of the Skagen Odde peninsula in the far north of Jutland, part of Frederikshavn Municipality in Nordjylland, north of Frederikshavn and northeast of Aalborg. The Port of Skagen ...

, with RAT-31DL *** Radar Station Skrydstrup, at Skrydstrup Air Base, with AN/TPS-77 *** Radar Station

Bornholm Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland. Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...

, in Almindingen, with Marconi S-723

Estonia

The

Estonian Air Force The Estonian Air Force ( et, Õhuvägi, ) is the aviation branch of the Estonian Defence Forces. The air force traces its history to 1918, and was re-established in its current form in 1991. As of 2016, the Estonian Air Force has a strength of ...

's Air Operations Control Centre is located at Ämari Air Base and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in Karmėlava, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Command, in

Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' ...

** Air Surveillance Wing, at Ämari Air Base *** Air Operations Control Centre, at Ämari Air Base *** Engineering and Technical Group, at Ämari Air Base **** Radar Station, in

Levalõpme Levalõpme is a village in Muhu Parish, Saare County in western Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Fin ...

, with GM 403 **** Radar Station, in

Otepää Otepää (formerly Nuustaku) is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia, it is the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia (in contrast to the "summer c ...

, with GM 403 **** Radar Station, in Kellavere, with AN/TPS-77(V) **** Airport Surveillance Radar at Ämari Air Base, with ASR-8

France

The

French Air and Space Force The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Arm ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Mont Verdun Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem. Most French radar sites use the PALMIER radar, which is being taken out of service. By 2022 all PALMIER radars will have been replaced with new radar stations using the GM 403 radar. * Air Defense and Air Operations Command ** Air Operations Brigade, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base *** Control and Reporting Centre, at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base *** Control and Reporting Centre, in Cinq-Mars-la-Pile *** Mont Verdun Air Base radar, with GM GM 406 *** Élément Air Rattaché (EAR) 943, on Mont Agel, with GM 406 Additionally the French Air and Space Force fields a GM 406 radar at the Cayenne-Rochambeau Air Base in

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

to protect the

Guiana Space Centre The Guiana Space Centre (french: links=no, Centre spatial guyanais; CSG), also called Europe's Spaceport, is a European spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, a region of France in South America. Kourou is located approximat ...

Kourou Kourou () is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France in South America. Kourou is famous for being the location of the Guiana Space Centre, the main spaceport of France and the European Space Agency (ESA). It ...

Germany

The

German Air Force The German Air Force (german: Luftwaffe, lit=air weapon or air arm, ) is the aerial warfare branch of the , the armed forces of Germany. The German Air Force (as part of the ''Bundeswehr'') was founded in 1956 during the era of the Cold War as ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 2) in Uedem was deactivated in 2008 and reactivated as CAOC Uedem in 2013. CAOC Uedem is responsible for the NATO airspace North of the Alps. The HADR radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, while the RRP-117 radars are a variant of the AN/FPS-117. * Air Operations Centre (Zentrum Luftoperationen der Luftwaffe) (NATO CAOC Uedem), in Uedem ** Control and Reporting Centre 2 (Einsatzführungsbereich 2), in Erndtebrück *** Operations Squadron 21, in Erndtebrück *** Operations Support Squadron 22, in Erndtebrück **** Sensor Platoon I, in Lauda ***** Remote Radar Post 240 "Loneship", in Erndtebrück with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 246 "Hardwheel", on

Erbeskopf The Erbeskopf () is a mountain in the Hunsrück range in central Germany. At a height of , it is the highest point in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as the highest point of German territory on the western bank of the Rhine. It lies ...

with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 247 "Batman", in Lauda with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 248 "Coldtrack", in

Freising Freising () is a university town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the Freising ''Landkreis'' (district), with a population of about 50,000. Location Freising is the oldest town between Regensburg and Bolzano, and is located on the ...

with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 249 "Sweet Apple", in Meßstetten with HADR **** Sensor Platoon II, in Auenhausen ***** Remote Radar Post 241 "Crabtree", in

Marienbaum Xanten (, Low Rhenish: ''Santen'') is a town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the district of Wesel. Xanten is known for the Archaeological Park, one of the largest archaeological open air museums in the worl ...

with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 242 "Backwash", in Auenhausen with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 243 "Silver Cork", in

Visselhövede Visselhövede () is a town in the district of Rotenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. Nearby towns include the district capital Rotenburg, Walsrode and Verden. Larger cities within a 100 km radius are Bremen, Hanover and Hamburg. Visselhövede ...

with GM 406F ***** Remote Radar Post 244 "Round up", in Brockzetel with HADR ***** Remote Radar Post 245 "Bugle", in

Brekendorf Brekendorf is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in ...

with GM 406F *** Control and Reporting Training Inspection 23, in Erndtebrück **** Education and Training Centre, in Erndtebrück **** Education, Test and Training Group, in Erndtebrück ** Control and Reporting Centre 3 (Einsatzführungsbereich 3), in Schönewalde *** Operations Squadron 31, in Schönewalde *** Operations Support Squadron 32, in Schönewalde **** Sensor Platoon III, in Cölpin ***** Remote Radar Post 351 "Matchpoint", in

Putgarten Putgarten is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The municipality is managed by the '' Amt'' of Nord-Rügen with its seat in Sagard. Putgarten is the northernmost municipality in the state of ...

with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 352 "Mindreader", in Cölpin with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 353 "Teddy Bear", in Tempelhof with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 356 "", in Elmenhorst with RRP-117 **** Sensor Platoon IV, in

Regen Regen (Northern Bavarian: ''Reng'') is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the district town of the district of Regen. Geography Regen is situated on the great Regen River, located in the Bavarian Forest. Divisions Originally the town consisted ...

***** Remote Radar Post 354 "Blackmoor", in Döbern with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 355 "Royal Flash", in Gleina with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 357 "", on Döbraberg with RRP-117 ***** Remote Radar Post 358 "Snow Cap", on

Großer Arber The Großer Arber (); cs, Velký Javor, "Great Maple") or Great Arber,e.g. Mauser, Wolfram and Monika Prasch (eds). ''Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts: The Project GLOWA-Danube''. Heidelberg: Springer, 2006. p. 94. is the highest pea ...

with RRP-117

Greece

1st Area Control Centre, inside Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D 2nd Area Control Centre, inside Mount Parnitha, with Marconi S-743D 9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Pelion, with Marconi S-743D 10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D The

Hellenic Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 8 November , equipment = , equipment_label ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 7) at Larissa Air Base was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain. The Hellenic Air Force fields two HR-3000, four AR-327 and six Marconi S-743D radar systems, however as of 2018 the air force is in the process of replacing some of its older systems with three RAT-31DL radars. * Air Force Tactical Command, at Larissa Air Base ** Air Operations Centre, at Larissa Air Base *** 1st Area Control Centre, inside

Mount Chortiatis Mount Chortiatis or Hortiatis ( el, Όρος Χορτιάτη, Χορτιάτης), known in Antiquity as Cissus ( grc, Κισσός) or Kissos, is a mountain in Central Macedonia, Greece. It rises southeast of Thessaloniki, peaking at 1,201 metr ...

*** 2nd Area Control Centre, inside Mount Parnitha *** 1st Control and Warning Station Squadron, in

Didymoteicho Didymoteicho ( el, Διδυμότειχο, Didymóteicho ) is a city located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town ...

, with AR-327 *** 2nd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mount Ismaros Maroneia ( el, Μαρώνεια) is a village and a former municipality in Rhodope regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Maroneia-Sapes, of which it is a mun ...

, with HR-3000 *** 3rd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Vitsi, with Marconi S-743D *** 4th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Elati, with RAT-31DL *** 5th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in

Kissamos Kissamos ( el, Κίσσαμος) is a town and a municipality in the west of the island of Crete, Greece. It is part of the Chania regional unit and of the former Kissamos Province which covers the northwest corner of the island. The town of Ki ...

, with Marconi S-743D *** 6th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Mykonos Mykonos (, ; el, Μύκονος ) is a Greek island, part of the Cyclades, lying between Tinos, Syros, Paros and Naxos. The island has an area of and rises to an elevation of at its highest point. There are 10,134 inhabitants according to t ...

, with AR-327 *** 7th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Mela, with AR-327 *** 8th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on

Lemnos Lemnos or Limnos ( el, Λήμνος; grc, Λῆμνος) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Lemnos regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The ...

, with AR-327 *** 9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Pelion, with Marconi S-743D *** 10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D *** 11th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in Ziros, with HR-3000

Hungary

The

Hungarian Air Force The Hungarian Air Force ( hu, Magyar Légierő), is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces. The task of the current Hungarian Air Force is primarily defensive purposes. The flying units of the air force are organised into a singl ...

's Air Operations Centre is located in Veszprém and reports to CAOC Uedem. There are additional three radar companies with Soviet-era equipment subordinate to the 54th Radar Regiment ''"Veszprém"'', however it is unclear if they will remain in service once Hungary's newest radar at

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the ...

reaches full operational capability. * Air Force Command, in

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

** Air Operations Centre, in Veszprém ** 54th Radar Regiment ''"Veszprém"'', in Veszprém *** 1st Radar Data Centre, in

Békéscsaba Békéscsaba (; sk, Békešská Čaba; see also other alternative names) is a city with county rights in southeast Hungary, the capital of Békés County. Geography Békéscsaba is located in the Great Hungarian Plain, southeast from Budapes ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 2nd Radar Data Centre, in

, with RAT-31DL *** 3rd Radar Data Centre, in Bánkút, with RAT-31DL

Iceland

The Iceland Air Defense System, which is part of the

Icelandic Coast Guard The Icelandic Coast Guard (, or simply ) is the Icelandic defence service responsible for search and rescue, maritime safety and security surveillance, and law enforcement in the seas surrounding Iceland. The Coast Guard maintains the Iceland ...

, monitors Iceland's airspace. Air Defense is provided by fighter jets from NATO allies, which rotate units for the Icelandic Air Policing mission to Keflavik Air Base. The Iceland Air Defense System's Control and Reporting Centre is at Keflavik Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany. * Iceland Air Defense System, at Keflavik Air Base ** Control and Reporting Centre, at Keflavik Air Base ** H1 Radar Station, at Miðnesheiði, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H2 Radar Station, on Mount Gunnolfsvík, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H3 Radar Station, at

Stokksnes Stokksnes () is a headland on the southeastern Icelandic coast, near Hofn and Hornafjördur. Stokksnes is located south of Kastarárfjall mountain, and includes Vestrahorn mountain, which was featured in the Bollywood film '' Dilwale''. The H-3 ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V)5 ** H4 Radar Station, on Mount Bolafjalli, with AN/FPS-117(V)5

Italy

The

Italian Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = (Ordinance March of the Air Force) by Alberto Di Miniello , mascot = , anniversaries = 28 March ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 5) in Poggio Renatico was deactivated in 2013 and replaced with the Mobile Command and Control Regiment (RMCC) at Bari Air Base, while the Centre's responsibilities were transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain. * Air Operations Command (COA), in Poggio Renatico ** Air Operations Centre, in Poggio Renatico ** Integrated Missile Air-defense Regiment (Rep. DAMI), in Poggio Renatico *** 11th Integrated Missile Air-defense Squadron, in Poggio Renatico *** 22nd Air Force Radar Squadron (GrRAM), in Licola, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 112th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Mortara, with RAT-31DL *** 113th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Lame di Concordia Portogruaro ( vec, Porto, fur, Puart) is a town and '' comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, northern Italy. The city is the centre of a district, made up of 11 ''comuni'', which form the Venezia Orientale with the San Donà di ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 114th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Potenza Picena, with RAT-31DL *** 115th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Capo Mele Andora ( lij, Andeua), or Marina di Andora, is a town on the Italian Riviera in the region of Liguria, included in the province of Savona. Geography and climate Andora is situated in the western part of the Italian Riviera between Capo Mele in ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 121st Remote Radar Station Flight, in Poggio Ballone, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 123rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Capo Frasca Arbus () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region of Sardinia. Located in the southwest coast of the island, Arbus is known for several archeological and non-operational industrial sites, such as the m ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 131st Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Jacotenente Vico del Gargano is a village and ''comune'' in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. Called the "Village of Love", it is part of the Gargano National Park and the Mountain Community of Gargano. The town is bordered by ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 132nd Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Rizzuto, with RAT-31DL *** 133rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in San Giovanni Teatino, with AN/FPS-117(V) *** 134th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Lampedusa Lampedusa ( , , ; scn, Lampidusa ; grc, Λοπαδοῦσσα and Λοπαδοῦσα and Λοπαδυῦσσα, Lopadoûssa; mt, Lampeduża) is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The ''comune'' of ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 135th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Marsala Marsala (, local ; la, Lilybaeum) is an Italian town located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily. Marsala is the most populated town in its province and the fifth in Sicily. The town is famous for the docking of Gius ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 136th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Otranto Otranto (, , ; scn, label=Salentino, Oṭṛàntu; el, label=Griko, Δερεντό, Derentò; grc, Ὑδροῦς, translit=Hudroûs; la, Hydruntum) is a coastal town, port and ''comune'' in the province of Lecce ( Apulia, Italy), in a fertil ...

, with RAT-31DL *** 137th Remote Radar Station Flight, in

Mezzogregorio Noto ( scn, Notu; la, Netum) is a city and in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. It is southwest of the city of Syracuse at the foot of the Iblean Mountains. It lends its name to the surrounding area Val di Noto. In 2002 Noto and i ...

, with RAT-31DL

Latvia

The Latvian Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located at Lielvārde Air Base and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in Karmėlava, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Air Force Headquarters, at Lielvārde Air Base ** Air Surveillance Squadron, at Lielvārde Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Lielvārde Air Base *** 1st Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, at Lielvārde Air Base, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** 2nd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Audriņi, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** 3rd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Čalas, with AN/TPS-77(V) *** Mobile Radar Section, with TPS-77 MRR

Lithuania

The

Lithuanian Air Force The Lithuanian Air Force or LAF ( lt, Lietuvos karinės oro pajėgos, abbreviated as ''LK KOP'') is the military aviation branch of the Lithuanian armed forces. It is formed from professional military servicemen and non-military personnel. Units ...

's Air Operations Control Centre is located in Karmėlava and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) co-located in Karmėlava, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem. * Lithuanian Air Force Headquarters, in

Kaunas Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Tra ...

** Airspace Surveillance and Control Command, in Kaunas *** Airspace Control Centre, in Karmėlava *** 1st Radar Post, in Antaveršis *** 3rd Radar Post, in Degučiai *** 4th Radar Post, in Ceikiškės

Luxembourg

Luxembourg's airspace is monitored and guarded by the Belgian Air Component's Control and Reporting Centre at Beauvechain Air Base.

Montenegro

The Armed Forces of Montenegro do not possess a modern air defense radar and the country's airspace is monitored by Italian Air Force radar sites. The Armed Forces Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre is located at Podgorica Airport in Golubovci and reports to CAOC Torrejón in Spain.

Netherlands

The

Royal Netherlands Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = ''Parade March of the Royal Netherlands Air Force'' , mascot = , anniversaries = , equipment ...

's Air Operations Centre is located at Nieuw-Milligen and reports to CAOC Uedem. The air force's main radars are being replaced with two modern SMART-L GB radars. * Air Force Command, in

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a list of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's ad ...

** Air Operations Control Station, in Nieuw-Milligen *** Control and Reporting Centre, in Nieuw-Milligen *** Radar Station South, in Nieuw-Milligen, with SMART-L GB *** Radar Station North, at Wier, with SMART-L GB

Norway

The

Royal Norwegian Air Force The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) ( no, Luftforsvaret, , The Air Defence) is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximatel ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 3) in Reitan was deactivated in 2008 and its responsibilities were transferred to the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F). After CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 the responsibility for the air defense of Norway was transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany and the Royal Norwegian Air Force's Control and Reporting Centre in Sørreisa reports to it. Until 2016 the Royal Norwegian Air Force's radar installations were distributed between two CRCs. That year the CRC Mågerø was disbanded. In its place a wartime mobilization back-up CRC has been formed with a reduction in personnel from the around active 170 duty to about 50 air force home guardsmen. The SINDRE I radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, which is also used in the German HADR radars. The newer RAT-31SL/N radars are sometimes designated SINDRE II. * Armed Forces Operational Headquarters, Reitan near

Bodø Main Air Station Bodø Air Station (; no, Bodø hovedflystasjon) is a military air base of the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) located in the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality, Nordland county, Norway. It is home to the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ...

** 131 Air Wing, in Sørreisa *** Control and Reporting Centre Sørreisa **** Radar Station Njunis, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station

Senja or is an island in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, Europe. With an area of , it is the second largest island in Norway (outside of the Svalbard archipelago). It has a wild, mountainous outer (western) side facing the Atlantic, and a mild ...

, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station Honningsvåg, with RAT-31SL/N **** Radar Station

Vestvågøy Vestvågøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leknes. Some of the villages in the municipality include Ballstad, Borg, ...

, with SINDRE I **** Radar Station Vågsøy, with SINDRE I **** Radar Station Skykula, with SINDRE I

Poland

The Polish Armed Forces Operational Command's Air Operations Centre is located in the Warsaw-Pyry neighborhood and reports to CAOC Uedem. The 3rd ''Wrocław'' Radiotechnical Brigade is responsible for the operation of the Armed Forces radar equipment. As of 2021, the Polish Air Force possesses three NUR-12M and three RAT-31DL long-range radars making up BACKBONE system, which are listed below. * Armed Forces Operational Command, in

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is official ...

** Air Operations Centre - Air Component Command, in Warsaw-Pyry *** Mobile Air Operations Command Unit, in Babki *** 22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec *** 32nd Command and Control Centre, at Kraków-Balice Air Base *** 1st Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Gdynia Gdynia ( ; ; german: Gdingen (currently), (1939–1945); csb, Gdiniô, , , ) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With a population of 243,918, it is the 12th-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in th ...

*** 2nd Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 159 ...

*** 4th Air Operations Coordination Centre, in

Szczecin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ...

*** 3rd ''Wrocław'' Radiotechnical Brigade, in

Wrocław Wrocław (; , . german: Breslau, , also known by other names) is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly ...

**** 3rd ''Sandomierz'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

Sandomierz Sandomierz (pronounced: ; la, Sandomiria) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River in the Sandomierz Basin. It has been part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Provi ...

***** 110th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Łabunie, with RAT-31DL *****360th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Brzoskwinia, with NUR-12M **** 8th ''Szczycień'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in Lipowiec *****144th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in

Roskosz Roskosz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Podlaska, within Biała Podlaska County Biała (the feminine form of Polish ''biały'' 'white') may refer to: Cities and towns in Poland Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central ...

, with NUR-12M *****184th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in

Szypliszki Szypliszki is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szypliszki. It lies approximately north-east of ...

, with RAT-31DL ***** 211th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in

Chruściel Chruściel is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately west of Płoskinia, south of Braniewo, and north-west of the regional c ...

, with RAT-31DL **** 31st ''Lower Silesian'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

*****170th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Wronowice, with NUR-12M **** 34th ''Chojnice'' Radiotechnical Battalion, in

Chojnice Chojnice (; , or ''Chòjnice''; german: Konitz or ''Conitz'') is a town in northern Poland with 39,423 inhabitants as of December 2021, near the Tuchola Forest. It is the capital of the Chojnice County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. History Pi ...

Portugal

The

Portuguese Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = 1 July , equipment = , equipment_label ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 10) in Lisbon was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain. * Air Command, in Lisbon ** Control and Reporting Centre, in

** Radar Station 1, on Monte Fóia, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 2, on

Monte Pilar Monte may refer to: Places Argentina * Argentine Monte, an ecoregion * Monte Desert * Monte Partido, a ''partido'' in Buenos Aires Province Italy * Monte Bregagno * Monte Cassino * Montecorvino (disambiguation) * Montefalcione Portugal * ...

Paços de Ferreira Paços de Ferreira () is a city in the Porto District, in the north of Portugal. The population of the city in 2011 was 7491, while its municipality had 56,340 inhabitants, in an area of 70.99 km². Sometimes referred to as the ''Capital do ...

, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 3, at Montejunto, with HR-3000 ** Radar Station 4, on

Pico do Arieiro Pico do Areeiro (often wrongly written as Pico do Arieiro), at high, is Madeira Island's third highest peak.Madeira ...

, on the island of

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

, with LANZA 3-D

Romania

The

Romanian Air Force The Romanian Air Force (RoAF) ( ro, Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces. It has an air force headquarters, an operational command, five airbases and an air defense brigade. Reserve forces include one ai ...

's Air Operations Centre is headquartered in Bucharest and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The radar station in Bârnova is officially designated and operated as a civilian radar station, however its data is fed into the military air surveillance system. * Air Operations Centre, in Bucharest ** 2nd Airspace Surveillance Centre "North", at 71st Air Base, in Câmpia Turzii ** Radar Station, in

Ovidiu Ovidiu (, historical name: ''Canara'', tr, Kanara) is a town situated a few kilometres north of Constanța in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. Ovidiu is quite small, with a population of around 12,000, and many wealthy inhabitants o ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, at Giarmata Airport, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, in

Suceava Suceava () is the largest urban settlement and the seat town ( ro, oraș reședință de județ) of Suceava County, situated in the historical region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania, and at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. Klaus Pet ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, in

Craiova ) , official_name = Craiova , image_skyline = , image_caption = From left: Dolj County Prefecture • Constantin Mihail Palace • Bibescu Manor House • Carol I National College • Museum of Oltenia • University of Craiova , i ...

, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Radar Station, on Muntele Mare, with AN/FPS-117(V) ** Civil/Military Radar Station, in Bârnova, with AN/FPS-117(V)

Slovakia

The Slovak Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located at

and reports to CAOC Uedem. The Slovak Air Force still operates obsolete Soviet-era radars, which it intends to replace with fewer, but more capable Western 3-D radars as soon as possible. The future locations of the new radars are as of 2018 unknown. * Air Force Command, at

** Command, Control and Surveillance Wing, at Sliač Air Base *** Air Operations Centre, at Sliač Air Base *** Radar Surveillance Battalion, in Sliač Air Base

Slovenia

The Slovenian Air Force and Air Defense's Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre is headquartered in Brnik and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The Italian Air Force's 4th Wing at Grosseto Air Base and 36th Wing at

Gioia del Colle Air Base Gioia del Colle Air Base is an Italian Air Force ( Aeronautica Militare) base located in the province of Bari, Apulia, Italy, located approximately 1 km south-southeast of Gioia del Colle. World War II During World War II the air base was ...

rotate a QRA flight of

Eurofighter Typhoon The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter. The Typhoon was designed originally as an air-superiority fighter and is manufactured by a consortium of Airbus, BAE Systems and Leonar ...

s to Istrana Air Base, which are responsible for the air defense of Northern Italy and Slovenia. * Forces Command, in

Vrhnika Vrhnika (; german: Oberlaibach;''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 120. la, Nauportus) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Mun ...

** 15th Military Aviation Regiment, at

Cerklje ob Krki Air Base Cerklje ob Krki Airport ( sl, Letališče Cerklje ob Krki) is the only military airport in Slovenia, and a civilian airport. The Cerklje ob Krki Air Base operates at it. The airport is in the midst of an enlargement and restructuring. History T ...

*** 16th Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion in Brnik **** Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik **** 1st Radar Station, in

, with GM 403 **** 2nd Radar Station, in Hočko Pohorje, with GM 403

Spain

The

Spanish Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = Spanish Air and Space Force Anthem , mascot = , anniversaries = 10 December , equipment ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 8) at Torrejón Air Base was deactivated in 2013 and replaced at same location by CAOC Torrejon, which took over the functions of CAOC 5, CAOC 7, CAOC 8 and CAOC 10. CAOC Torrejón is responsible for the NATO airspace South of the Alps. * Combat Air Command, at Torrejón Air Base ** Combat Air Command Headquarter (CGMACOM), at Torrejón Air Base *** Air Operations Centre / NATO CAOC Torrejón ** Command and Control Systems Headquarter (JSMC), at Torrejón Air Base *** Central Command and Control Group (GRUCEMAC), at Torrejón Air Base *** Northern Command and Control Group (GRUNOMAC), at

*** Mobile Air Control Group (GRUMOCA) at Tablada Air Base *** 1st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 1) radar station, at Air Station El Frasno, with LANZA 3-D *** 2nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 2) radar station, at Air Station

Villatobas Villatobas is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE INE, Ine or ine may refer to: Institutions * Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, a German nuclear research center * Inst ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 3rd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 3) radar station, at Air Station

Constantina Flavia Valeria Constantina (also sometimes called ''Constantia'' and ''Constantiana''; el, Κωνσταντίνα; b. after 307/before 317 – d. 354), later known as Saint Constance, was the eldest daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 4th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 4) radar station, at Air Station

Roses A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 5th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 5) radar station, at Air Station Aitana, with RAT-31SL/T *** 7th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 7) radar station, at Air Station Puig Major, with LANZA 3-D *** 9th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 9) radar station, at Air Station

Motril Motril () is a town and municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the Granada, Spain. It is the second largest town in the province, with a population of 60,368 as of 2016. The town is located near the Guadalfeo River and is from Granada. H ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 10th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 10) radar station, at Air Station Barbanza, with LANZA 3-D *** 11th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 11) radar station, at Air Station

Alcalá de los Gazules Alcalá de los Gazules is a city and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2006 census, the town has a population of 5,633 inhabitants. Alcalá de los Gazules is situated in the Sierra de Cádiz. Although not o ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 12th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 12) radar station, at Air Station

Espinosa de los Monteros Espinosa de los Monteros is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain, with a population of c. 2,100 inhabitants. The village is spread over a large rural area at the southern outskirts of a mountainous area of ...

, with RAT-31SL/T *** 13th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 13) radar station, at Air Station

Sierra Espuña The Sierra Espuña is a mountain range in the Region of Murcia, Spain. It is part of the Penibaetic System. The Sierra Espuña Regional Park protects 17,804 ha of the mountain range in the municipalities of Alhama de Murcia, Totana and Mula. The ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 21st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 21) radar station, at Vega de San Mateo on

Gran Canaria Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that co ...

, with LANZA 3-D *** 22nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 22) radar station, in Haría on

Lanzarote Lanzarote (, , ) is a Spanish island, the easternmost of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. It is located approximately off the north coast of Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula. Covering , Lanzarote is the fourth-largest of the i ...

, with RAT-31SL/T

Turkey

The

Turkish Air Force The Turkish Air Force ( tr, ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Turkish Air Force can trace its origins back to June 1911 when it was founded by the Ottoman Empire, however, the air force as it is known t ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 6) in

Eskişehir Eskişehir ( , ; from "old" and "city") is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. The urban population of the city is 898,369 with a metropolitan population of 797,708. The city is located on the banks of the ...

was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain. Turkey's Air Force fields a mix of HR-3000, AN/FPS-117, RAT-31SL and RAT-31DL radars, however the exact number of each of these radar and their location in the Turkish radar system is unknown. * Air Force Command (COA), in ** Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Ahlatlıbel, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Körfez, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Karabelen, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in

Çanakkale Çanakkale (pronounced ), ancient ''Dardanellia'' (), is a city and seaport in Turkey in Çanakkale province on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. The population of the city is 195,439 (2021 estimate). Çanakkale is ...

, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses t ...

, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Datça, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in İnebolu, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in

İskenderun İskenderun ( ar, الإسكندرونة, el, Αλεξανδρέττα "Little Alexandria"), historically known as Alexandretta and Scanderoon, is a city in Hatay Province on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Names The city was founded as Ale ...

, with *** Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in

Rize Rize (Greek: ρίζα, Laz: რიზინი, Georgian: რიზე, , Ottoman Turkish: ريزه) is the capital city of Rize Province in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Rize is a typically Turkish provincial capital with ...

, with

United Kingdom

The

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...

's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 9) at

RAF High Wycombe RAF High Wycombe is a Royal Air Force station, situated in the village of Walters Ash, near High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England. It houses Headquarters Air Command, and was originally designed to house RAF Bomber Command in the late 1930s. ...

was deactivated in 2008 and its responsibilities were transferred to the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F). After CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 the responsibility for the air defense of the United Kingdom was transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany. The Royal Air Force's Control and Reporting Centres report to it. * No. 1 Group RAF, at

** UK Air Surveillance and Control Systems, at RAF Boulmer *** Control and Reporting Centre, at RAF Boulmer ***

No. 1 Air Control Centre No. 1 Air Control Centre (also known as 1 ACC) is a deployable mobile command and control unit of the Royal Air Force that is currently based at RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire. The unit acts in conjunction with the Control and Reporting Centre (CRC ...

, at

RAF Scampton Royal Air Force Scampton or RAF Scampton is a Royal Air Force station located adjacent to the A15 road near to the village of Scampton, Lincolnshire, and north-west of the city of Lincoln, England. RAF Scampton stands on the site of a First ...

(National Air Control Centre) *** RRH Benbecula, in

North Uist North Uist ( gd, Uibhist a Tuath; sco, North Uise) is an island and community in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Etymology In Donald Munro's ''A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland Called Hybrides'' of 1549, North Uist, Benbecula and ...

, with AN/TPS-77 ***

RRH Brizlee Wood Remote Radar Head Brizlee Wood (or RRH Brizlee Wood), is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force located at Brizlee Wood, near Alnwick in Northumberland, England. Originally opened as an Ace High site in the early 1960s, it ...

, in Shipley, with AN/FPS-117 *** RRH Buchan, in Boddam, with AN/TPS-77 ***

RRH Portreath Remote Radar Head Portreath or RRH Portreath is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force. It has a coastal location at Nancekuke Common, approximately north east of the village of Portreath in Cornwall, England. Its radar ( ...

, in Portreath, with AR-327 ***

RRH Saxa Vord Remote Radar Head Saxa Vord or RRH Saxa Vord (aka RAF Saxa Vord), is a Royal Air Force radar station located on the island of Unst, the most northern of the Shetland Islands in Scotland. As of July 2019 it is once more a fully operational radar ...

, in

Unst Unst (; sco, Unst; nrn, Ønst) is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It is the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles and is the third-largest island in Shetland after Mainland and Yell. It has an area of . Unst ...

, with AN/TPS-77 ***

RRH Trimingham Remote Radar Head Trimingham or RRH Trimingham is a TPS-77 radar station situated on the coast in the English county of Norfolk. The site is located on the coast road between Cromer and Mundesley, 1 kilometre east of the village of Trimingh ...

, in Trimingham, with AN/FPS-117 (satellite station of

RRH Neatishead Remote Radar Head Neatishead ( ) or RRH Neatishead is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force. It is located approximately north east of Norwich in Norfolk, England. It was established during the Second World War and consi ...

) ***

RRH Staxton Wold Remote Radar Head Staxton Wold or RRH Staxton Wold is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force, located near Scarborough in North Yorkshire, England. As it has been a radar site continuously since 1939, it has a claim to be ...

, in Scarborough, had an AN/TPS-77 radar, which was moved to RRH Saxa Vord in 2017, future plans for RRH Staxton Wold are as of 2018 unknown.

United States

The

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army S ...

's control centres and radar stations are part of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Non-NATO European air defense systems

Austria

* Austrian Air Force - GOLDHAUBE system: ** Command and Control Center ''"Basisraum"'', in St Johann im Pongau *** Kolomansberg Radar Station *** Großer Speikkogel Radar Station *** Steinmandl Radar Station

Switzerland

Swiss Air Force The Swiss Air Force (german: Schweizer Luftwaffe; french: Forces aériennes suisses; it, Forze aeree svizzere; rm, Aviatica militara svizra) is the air component of the Swiss Armed Forces, established on 31 July 1914 as a part of the army an ...

- FLORAKO system: ** Air Defence & Direction Center, at Dübendorf Air Base *** Pilatus Radar Station *** Scopi Radar Station ***

Weisshorn The Weisshorn (German, lit. ''white peak/mountain'') is a major peak of Switzerland and the Alps, culminating at above sea level. It is part of the Pennine Alps and is located between the valleys of Anniviers and Zermatt in the canton of Va ...

Radar Station *** Weissfluh Radar Station

References

{{Reflist Integrated Air Defense System Air defence radar networks