Imruh Caesar
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Imruh Bakari (Ishaq Imruh Bakari) is a film maker and writer born in 1950 on
St Kitts Saint Kitts, officially Saint Christopher, is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of Nevis constitute one ...
, who is also referred to as Imruh Bakari Caesar or Imruh Caesar."Imruh Caesar"
Diaspora Artists.
He currently teaches Film Studies at the
University of Winchester The University of Winchester is a public research university based in the city of Winchester, Hampshire, England. The university has origins tracing back to 1840 as a teacher training college, but was established in 2005. Winchester University ...
. He works in the UK and a number of African countries in the area of culture and the creative industries.


Film and TV work

Bakari worked in film and theatre projects in
Bradford Bradford is a city status in the United Kingdom, city in West Yorkshire, England. It became a municipal borough in 1847, received a city charter in 1897 and, since the Local Government Act 1972, 1974 reform, the city status in the United Kingdo ...
at the Art College and then attended the UK
National Film and Television School The National Film and Television School (NFTS) is a film, television and games school established in 1971 and based at Beaconsfield Studios in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England. It is featured in the 2024 ranking by ''The Hollywood Repo ...
. His graduation film was ''Riots and Rumours of Riots'' in 1981. This documented the history of immigration from the Caribbean to the UK from the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
until the 1958 Notting Hill riots. The film looked at that period against the background of the 1981 riots in the UK. He worked with
Menelik Shabazz Menelik Shabazz (30 May 1954 – 28 June 2021) was a Barbados-born British film director, producer, educator, and writer, acknowledged as a pioneer in the development of independent Black British cinema, having been at the forefront of contempor ...
on ''Step Forward Youth'' (1974), which documented the lives of black youth in Britain, and in 1982 on ''
Burning an Illusion ''Burning an Illusion'' is a 1981 British drama (film and television), drama film written and directed by Menelik Shabazz, about a young British-born black woman's love life, mostly shot in London's Notting Hill and Ladbroke Grove communities.Ad ...
'' and the short ''Blood Ah Go Run''. Bakari formed Kuumba Productions with Menelik Shabazz and Henry Martin, and was a founder member of Ceddo Film and Video Workshop, an outlet for new young, primarily black, talent. Bakari produced ''I Am Not Two Islands'' (1983) for
Channel 4 Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. It is state-owned enterprise, publicly owned but, unlike the BBC, it receives no public funding and is funded en ...
. He then made ''Street Warriors'' in 1985, and ''The Mark of the Hand'' in 1986 for the
Arts Council of Great Britain The Arts Council of Great Britain was a non-departmental public body dedicated to the promotion of the fine arts in Great Britain. It was divided in 1994 to form the Arts Council of England (now Arts Council England), the Scottish Arts Council (l ...
on the work of Caribbean artist
Aubrey Williams Aubrey Williams (8 May 1926 – 27 April 1990) was a Guyanese artist. He was best known for his large, oil-on-canvas paintings, which combine elements of abstract expressionism with forms, images and symbols inspired by the pre-Columbian art o ...
. The latter "was a pioneering work and to this day, sympathetic and sensitive documentary film studies of Black British artists, such as ''Mark of the Hand'', remain a rarity. One hugely important aspect of the film is the exploration of Williams’ respect and fondness for the indigenous peoples of the Guyana interior. In this regard, the film positively complicates and challenges assumed notions of Caribbean identity." In 1992, Bakari directed ''Blue Notes and Exiled Voices'', about the experiences of exiled South African musicians during the
apartheid Apartheid ( , especially South African English:  , ; , ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an ...
era, featuring
Hugh Masekela Hugh Ramapolo Masekela (4 April 1939 – 23 January 2018) was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as "the father of South African jazz". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and f ...
, the
Brotherhood of Breath The Brotherhood of Breath was an English-South African big band established in the late-1960s by South African pianist and composer Chris McGregor, an extension of McGregor's previous band, The Blue Notes. History The Brotherhood of Breath in ...
,
Louis Moholo Louis Tebogo Moholo (10 March 1940 – 13 June 2025) was a South African jazz drummer. He was a member of several notable bands, including The Blue Notes, the Brotherhood of Breath and Assagai. Biography Born in Cape Town, Moholo formed The ...
and Pinise Saul. Between 1999 and 2004 Bakari was Festival Director for the
Zanzibar International Film Festival Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF), also known as Festival of the Dhow Countries, is an annual film festival held in Zanzibar, Tanzania and one of the largest cultural events in East Africa. ZIFF is a non-governmental organization establis ...
. In
Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...
, together with
Beatrix Mugishagwe M. Beatrix Mugishagwe is a Tanzanian film director. She is the founder and CEO of Abantu Visions, Tanzania's first independent professional film and production company, and has chaired the Tanzania Independent Producers' Association (TAIPA). Life ...
and lecturer Augustine Hatar, he cofounded the Tanzania Screenwriter's Forum in 2001, running a monthly scriptwriting workshop at the
University of Dar es Salaam The University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) (Swahili: ''Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam'') is a public university located in Ubungo District, Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania. It was established in 1961 as an affiliate college of the University of London. ...
. Bakari also participated in the industry organisation, the Tanzania Independent Producers Association (TAIPA). Between 2005 and 2008, he produced in Tanzania the short film series ''African Tales''. He was the producer of ''Mwalimu – The Legacy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere'' (
Mnet M-Net (an abbreviation of Electronic Media Network) is a South African pay television channel established by Naspers in 1986. The channel broadcasts both local and international programming, including general entertainment, children's series, ...
, Great Africans Series, 2009).


Favourite films

In 2022, Bakari participated in the ''
Sight & Sound ''Sight and Sound'' (formerly written ''Sight & Sound'') is a monthly film magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI). Since 1952, it has conducted the well-known decennial ''Sight and Sound'' Poll of the Greatest Films of All Time. ...
'' film polls of that year. It is held every ten years to select the greatest films of all time, by asking contemporary directors to select ten films of their choice. Bakari's selections were: * ''
Napoléon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of mi ...
'' (1927) * ''
Bicycle Thieves ''Bicycle Thieves'' (), also known as ''The Bicycle Thief'', is a 1948 Italian neorealist drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica. It follows the story of a poor father searching in post-World War II Rome for his stolen bicycle, without which h ...
'' (1948) * ''
Pather Panchali (, ) is a 1955 Indian Bengali language, Bengali-language Drama (film and television), drama film written and directed by Satyajit Ray in his directorial debut. It is an adaptation of Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's 1929 Bengali Pather Panchali ...
'' (1955) * ''
Black Girl Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''Psyc ...
'' (1966) * ''
The Battle of Algiers ''The Battle of Algiers'' (; ) is a 1966 Italian-Algerian war film co-written and directed by Gillo Pontecorvo. It is based on action undertaken by rebels during the Algerian War (1954–1962) against the French government in North Africa, the ...
'' (1966) * ''
The Godfather ''The Godfather'' is a 1972 American Epic film, epic crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, who co-wrote the screenplay with Mario Puzo, based on Puzo's best-selling The Godfather (novel), 1969 novel. The film stars an ensemble cast inc ...
'' (1972) * ''
Mirror A mirror, also known as a looking glass, is an object that Reflection (physics), reflects an image. Light that bounces off a mirror forms an image of whatever is in front of it, which is then focused through the lens of the eye or a camera ...
'' (1972) * '' West Indies: The Fugitive Slaves of Liberty'' (1979) * '' La Rue Cases-Nègres'' (1983) * ''
Hyènes ''Hyenas'' () is a 1992 Senegalese film adaptation of Friedrich Dürrenmatt's Swiss-German satirical tragicomedy play '' The Visit'' (1956), directed by Djibril Diop Mambéty. The intimate story of love and revenge parallels a critique of neoc ...
'' (1992)


Theatrical work

He has acted and directed in the theatre. During the 1970s, he worked at the Keskidee Arts Centre, where his performances included the lead role in the first production of Alem Mezgebe's ''Pulse'' in 1977, directed by Rufus Collins. In 1985, Bakari worked on ''Compound Images'', ''Coming Up for Air'', and ''The Balmyard'' in 1986 with Don Kinch's Staunch Poets and Players.


Writing

Bakari writes on African and Caribbean cinema and the creative industries. His articles have appeared in publications including the 1993 and 1994 '' Ecrans d'Afrique'', ''Screen'', ''Black Filmmaker'' and ''Black Film Bulletin''. He is the joint editor, with Mbye Cham, of ''African Experiences of Cinema''. In 1996, he wrote "Memory and Identity in Caribbean Cinema" for ''
New Formations ''New Formations: A Journal of Culture, Theory & Politics'' is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal which covers the uses of cultural theory for the analysis of political and social issues. It is published by Lawrence and Wishart and the edit ...
''. He has also published the collections of poetry ''Sounds & Echoes'' ( Karnak House, 1981), ''Secret Lives'' (
Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications (BLP) is a radical London-based publishing company founded by Guyanese activists Jessica Huntley (23 February 1927 – 13 October 2013) Margaret Busby"Jessica Huntley obituary", ''The Guardian'', 27 October 2013. ...
, 1986), and ''Without Passport or Apology'' (Smokestack Books, 2017). He has performed his work on London's
Southbank Centre Southbank Centre is an arts centre in London, England. It is adjacent to the separately owned National Theatre and BFI Southbank. It comprises the three main performance spaces – the Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, and Purcell R ...
.


Bibliography

* ''Sounds & Echoes'' – poetry ( Karnak House, 1981) * ''Secret Lives'' – poetry (
Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications (BLP) is a radical London-based publishing company founded by Guyanese activists Jessica Huntley (23 February 1927 – 13 October 2013) Margaret Busby"Jessica Huntley obituary", ''The Guardian'', 27 October 2013. ...
, 1986) * ''Without Passport or Apology'' – poetry (Smokestack Books, 2017)


Selected filmography

* ''Riots and Rumours of Riots'' (1981) * ''Street Warriors'' (1985) * ''The Mark of the Hand'' (1986) * ''Blue Notes and Exiled Voices'' (1992), director * ''Mwalimu – The Legacy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere'' (2009), producer


References


External links

* Malik, Sarita (1998)
"1. Interview with Imruh Bakari Conducted 10.12.96"
in ''Representing black Britain : black images on British television from 1936 to the present day'', pp. 7–32. PhD thesis,
The Open University The Open University (OU) is a Public university, public research university and the largest university in the United Kingdom by List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment, number of students. The majority of the OU's undergraduate ...
. {{DEFAULTSORT:Bakari, Imruh 1950 births Living people Alumni of the National Film and Television School Academics of the University of Winchester Alumni of the University of Winchester Black British filmmakers Black British writers Saint Kitts and Nevis emigrants to the United Kingdom