Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
( Turkish: ''1 nci Kolordu'' ''or'' ''Birinci Kolordu'') was one of the
corps
Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was formally introduced March 1, 1800, when Napoleon ordered Gener ...
of the
Ottoman Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922.
Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...
consisting of ethnic Albanians. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
Formation
Order of Battle, 1911
With further reorganization of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps-level headquarters, by 1911 the I Corps was headquartered in Harbiye. Before the
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Greece, Greece and Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro) agai ...
in 1911, the corps was structured as such:
*I Corps, Harbiye,
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...
Zeki Pasha
Zeki Pasha İzzettin Çalışlar, ''On yıllık savaşın günlüğü: Balkan, Birinci Dünya ve İstiklal Savaşları'', Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1997, (; 1862–1943), known as Mehmet Zeki Baraz Kolaç Kılıçoğlu after the 1934 Surname La ...
Bakırköy
Bakırköy is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district in the European part of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 29 km2, and its population is 226,685 (2022). Bakırköy lies between the State road D.100 (Turkey), D.100 highway (l ...
Kağıthane
Kağıthane (, also ''Kâğıthane''), formerly Sadâbad () and Glykà Nerà (Greek: Γλυκά Νερά, , 'sweet waters') is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 455,943 (2022). ...
Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...
On October 17, 1912, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 83.
*I Corps (Thrace, under the command of the Eastern Army)
** 2nd Division, 3rd Division
**1st Provisional Division
Order of Battle, October 29, 1912
On October 29, 1912, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 103.
*I Corps (Thrace, under the command of the First Eastern Army)
** 2nd Division, 3rd Division
**1st Provisional Division, Uşak Redif Division
Order of Battle, November 17, 1912
On November 17, 1912, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 128.
*I Corps (Thrace, under the command of the Chataldja Army)
** 2nd Division, 3rd Division
**South Wing Detachment
*I Provisional Reserve Corps
** 29th Division
**Ergli Redif Division, Kayseri Redif Division
Order of Battle, March 25, 1913
On March 25, 1913, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913'', Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 287.
*I Corps (Thrace, under the command of the Chataldja Army)
** 2nd Division
**Fatih Redif Division
*I Provisional Reserve Corps
** 29th Division,
**Ergli Redif Division, Kayseri Redif Division
In August 1914, November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 38, 43.
*I Corps (Thrace)
** 1st Division, 2nd Division, 3rd Division
Order of Battle, Late April 1915
In late April 1915, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 86.
*I Corps (Thrace)
**1st Division, 2nd Division
Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915, January 1916
In late Summer 1915, January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 109, 126.
*I Corps (Gallipoli)
**2nd Division, 3rd Division
Order of Battle, August 1916
In August 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 134.
*I Corps (Gallipoli)
** 14th Division, 16th Division
Order of Battle, December 1916
In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 154.
*I Corps (Thrace)
**14th Division, 16th Division
Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918
In August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 170, 181, 188, 197.
*I Corps (Thrace)
**42nd Division
After Mudros
Order of Battle, November 1918
In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 202.
*I Corps (Thrace)
** 55th Division
Order of Battle, January 1919
In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 209.Zekeriya Türkmen, ''Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920)'', Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, , p. 326.
*I Corps (Thrace, Adrianople; present day
Edirne
Edirne (; ), historically known as Orestias, Adrianople, is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the Edirne Province, province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second c ...
Kırklareli
Kırklareli () is a city in the East Thrace, European part of Turkey. It is the seat of Kırklareli Province and Kırklareli District.60th Division (
Malkara
Malkara () is a municipality and district of Tekirdağ Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,243 km2 (the largest in Tekirdağ Province), and its population is 50,988 (2022). It is located at 55 km west of Tekirdağ and 190 km from Ist ...